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Lecture-11 __ Concepts of collapsible load_9798958342

The document discusses the fundamentals of plastic analysis in structures, including key concepts such as plastic hinges, theoretical moment locations, and assumptions in analysis. It outlines various plastic analysis methods, including upper and lower bound theorems, and explores collapse mechanisms and plastic moment capacity. Additionally, it highlights the applications, advantages, and limitations of plastic analysis in structural design.

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4 views

Lecture-11 __ Concepts of collapsible load_9798958342

The document discusses the fundamentals of plastic analysis in structures, including key concepts such as plastic hinges, theoretical moment locations, and assumptions in analysis. It outlines various plastic analysis methods, including upper and lower bound theorems, and explores collapse mechanisms and plastic moment capacity. Additionally, it highlights the applications, advantages, and limitations of plastic analysis in structural design.

Uploaded by

class12mathpdf
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CIVIL

ENGINEERING
Theory Of Structures

JE
By – CHADHA SIR
❑ 13+ years of teaching experience in
GATE/ESE/AE/JE
❑ Mentored more than 3 lakh students in online
and offline mode
❑ secured AIR - 1 in TGC - 118 conducted by
Indian Army
❑ Wrote books on Civil Engineering
❑ Completed B.Tech from KNIT, Sultanpur
STRUCTURES
PLASTIC ANALYSIS IN

PLASTIC ANALYSIS IN STRUCTURES


Fundamentals

PLASTIC ANALYSIS IN STRUCTURES


This section covers the basic concepts behind plastic
analysis, including theoretical aspects and
foundational principles, emphasizing plastic hinges
and key assumptions.

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PRESENTATION TITLE
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PRESENTATION TITLE
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PRESENTATION TITLE
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PRESENTATION TITLE
PLASTIC ANALYSIS IN STRUCTURES
PLASTIC
HINGES
THEORETICAL MOMENT LOCATIONS
Plastic hinges occur at specific points in a
structure where material deforms plastically,
allowing for significant rotation. They enable
the redistribution of internal forces without
added load.

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ASSUMPTIONS IN ANALYSIS

PLASTIC ANALYSIS IN STRUCTURES


PERFECTLY PLASTIC PLANE SECTIONS SUFFICIENT DUCTILITY
MATERIAL REMAIN PLANE REQUIRED
Assumes materials Cross-sections of the Materials must possess
exhibit an elastic- beams remain plane ductility to withstand
perfectly plastic even after deformation, plastic deformations
behavior, leading to essential for predicting without resulting in
plastic deformation beam behavior. sudden failure.
beyond a certain load.

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PRESENTATION TITLE
PRESENTATION TITLE
PLASTIC ANALYSIS IN STRUCTURES
Plastic Analysis Methods
This section delves into the various methods used
in plastic analysis, primarily focusing on the upper
and lower bound theorems, which are pivotal for
collapse load assessment.
CONCEPT DEFINITION

PLASTIC ANALYSIS IN STRUCTURES


The upper bound theorem indicates that the
actual collapse load is less than or equal to
any estimated load based on a potential
collapse mechanism and associated energy
equations.
UPPER
BOUND
THEOREM

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LOWER BOUND

PLASTIC ANALYSIS IN STRUCTURES


THEOREM
CONCEPT DEFINITION
The lower bound theorem states the actual collapse load is
greater than or equal to any calculated load that adheres to
equilibrium and does not exceed plastic moment capacity.

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PLASTIC ANALYSIS IN STRUCTURES
UNIQUENESS EXPLANATION OF THE THEOREM

THEOREM
This theorem holds that if a moment
distribution satisfies both the upper and lower
bound conditions, it represents the exact
collapse load of the structure.

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PLASTIC ANALYSIS IN STRUCTURES
Collapse Mechanisms
In this section, we explore various types of
collapse mechanisms that can occur in
structures under plastic analysis.
Understanding these mechanisms is
critical for effective design and safety.
MECHANISMS OVERVIEW

PLASTIC ANALYSIS IN STRUCTURES


FIXED AND CONTINUOUS BEAMS

Fixed beams need two plastic hinges, while continuous beams require
multiple hinges to achieve overall structural failure.

SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAMS

Requires only one plastic hinge to form a mechanism, leading to


collapse under ultimate load.

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PLASTIC ANALYSIS IN STRUCTURES
DEFINITION OF PLASTIC MOMENT
The plastic moment capacity (Mp) of a

CAPACITY
cross-section is determined by the

MOMENT
PLASTIC
yield strength (fy) multiplied by the
plastic section modulus (Zp). This
moment defines the maximum load
that can be sustained.

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SHAPE FACTOR
The shape factor expresses the efficiency of different cross-sectional geometries in
supporting plastic moments, indicating how much more efficient they are compared to their
elastic capacity.

CROSS-SECTION SHAPE FACTOR (S) NOTES

Standard shape used in


Rectangular ≈ 1.5
beams.

Higher efficiency due to


Circular ≈ 1.7
symmetry.

Commonly used in large


I-section ≈ 1.12-1.2
structures.
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PLASTIC ANALYSIS IN STRUCTURES
APPLICATIONS
PLASTIC ANALYSIS APPLICATIONS
Plastic analysis is utilized in various fields such
as steel frame design for multi-story buildings,
optimizing beam sections, and assessing
overloaded structures for potential failure.

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ADVANTAGES
Plastic analysis offers numerous advantages, such as efficient material usage and the
ability to accurately estimate collapse loads, making it a valuable approach in structural
design.

ADVANTAGE DESCRIPTION

Ensures full utilization of material strength


Material Efficiency
before failure.

Provides flexibility in design for load


Moment Redistribution
distribution.

Economical Design Reduces material usage in construction.

Results in realistic evaluations of collapse


Accurate Load Estimation
loads. 22
LIMITATIONS
While plastic analysis provides valuable insights, limitations include its applicability to ductile
materials and assumptions that may not always represent real material behaviors.

LIMITATION DESCRIPTION

Limited to Ductile Materials Primarily applicable to materials like steel.

Assumption of Perfect Plasticity Does not consider strain hardening of materials.

Brittle failures can occur if rotation capacity is


Rotation Capacity
inadequate.

Not suited for seismic or fatigue load


Dynamic Load Issues
considerations. 23
ELASTIC VS PLASTIC
A comparative overview highlights the key differences between elastic and
plastic analysis, emphasizing their methodologies and applications in
structural design.

FEATURE ELASTIC ANALYSIS PLASTIC ANALYSIS

Stress-Strain Relation Linear Elastic-Plastic

Load-Carrying Capacity First yield Full plastic capacity

Moment Redistribution Not allowed Allowed

Application General structures Optimized steel structures


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