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Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is a multidisciplinary field focused on the design of computer technology and user interactions. It encompasses various human input/output channels such as vision, hearing, touch, and movement, as well as memory types including sensory, short-term, and long-term memory. Understanding HCI requires knowledge of both human capabilities and computer system elements, including input/output devices and processing capabilities.

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L1

Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is a multidisciplinary field focused on the design of computer technology and user interactions. It encompasses various human input/output channels such as vision, hearing, touch, and movement, as well as memory types including sensory, short-term, and long-term memory. Understanding HCI requires knowledge of both human capabilities and computer system elements, including input/output devices and processing capabilities.

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sanganakaw98
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Human-Computer Interaction

(HCI)
LECTURER ( 1 )

Ass. L Ahmed R. hmood


Human-computer interaction (HCI) is a
multidisciplinary field of study focusing
on the design of computer technology
What is Human- and, in particular, the interaction
Computer between humans (the users) and
Interaction (HCI)? computers. While initially concerned
with computers, HCI has since expanded
to cover almost all forms of information
technology design.
Human’s Input output Channels
Following are the basic five characteristics of the
subject Human:

Information i/o: visual, auditory,


haptic, movement

Memory: Sensory, Long term, Short


term

Processing and Applied: Reasoning,


problem-solving, skill, error

Influenced by emotion / Every


human is different from one another.
Vision
A human sees through eyes. And it has two stages of
human vision:

• Physical reception
• Processing and interpretation of visual.
Physical Reception
• An eye receives light from the environment and transforms
into electrical energy. When light reflects from different
objects and enters into the retina in gives the 3D view of
the object. When visual enters the eye it focuses inverted in
the back of our eye. and last but not least, there are color
cones in the human eye which determine the color of an
object.
Interpreting the Signal
• The size and depth of an image depend
upon the distance of an eye from the
object. Here optical illusions occur too
like
“Ponzo illusion” and
“Muller Lyer illusion”
Ponzo illusion
The Ponzo Illusion was discovered
by Marioo Ponzo , an Italian
psychologist. The Ponzo Illusion was
first published in 1910.
In the Ponzo illusion the converging
parallel lines tricks the brain into
thinking that the image higher in the
visual field is farther away, so the
brain thinks the image is larger, but
the two images hitting the retina are
same in size.
Muller Lyer illusion
The Müller-Lyer Illusion is named after
its creator, Franz Carl Müller-Lyer
(1857 - 1916), a German psychiatrist
and sociologist,
The Müller-Lyer illusion is manifested
through two horizontal lines of the
same size placed next to each other.
One of the lines has arrows on its end
pointing outward, while the other line
has arrows pointing inward. Even
though both lines are identical in
length, the line with outward arrows
tends to appear shorter than the line
with inward arrows.
Hearing
The hearing provides information about the environment: distances, directions, objects, etc.
• Physical apparatus:
• Outer ear
• Middle ear
• Inner ear

Touch
The third and last of the senses that we will consider is touch or haptic perception.
• Provides important feedback about environment.
• May be key sense for someone who is visually impaired.
• Stimulus received via receptors in the skin
• Some areas more sensitive than others e.g. fingers.
Movement
Time takes to respond to a stimulus is called
movement. It
depends upon age, fitness, and a few other
factors.
Fitt’s Law:
Fitts’ law describes the time taken to hit a screen
target:
Mt = a + b log2(D/S + 1)
Where a and b are empirically determined
constants, Mt
is movement time, D is Distance, S is size of the
target
HUMAN MEMORY
there are three types of memory or memory function
:

1-sensory buffers

2- short-term memory or working memory

3-long-term memory
1- Sensory memory The sensory
memories act as buffers for stimuli
received through each of the
senses: iconic memory for vision,
echoic memory for sounds and
haptic memory for touch. These
memories are constantly
overwritten by new information
coming in on these channels.
Information is passed from the
sensory memory into short-term
memory by attention
2- Short-term memory STM is used
to store information which is only
required fleetingly. STM can be
accessed rapidly, however, also decays
rapidly. It has a limited capacity
3- Long-term memory LTM differs from
STM in various ways. It has an unlimited
capacity, a slow access time and forgetting
occurs more slowly or not at all. Information
is stored here from the STM through
rehearsal. There are two types of LTM:
episodic memory and semantic memory.
Episodic memory represents our memory of
event and experiences in a serial form.
Semantic memory is a structured record of
facts, concepts and skills that we have
acquired, derived from the episodic memory.
There are three main activities related to
LTM: storage of information, forgetting and
information retrieval.
The Computer
a computer system is made up of various elements each of these elements affects the interaction

input devices – text entry and pointing

output devices – screen (small & large), digital paper

virtual reality – special interaction and display devices

physical interaction – e.g. sound, haptic, bio-sensing

paper – as output (print) and input (scan)

memory – RAM & permanent media, capacity & access

processing – speed of processing, networks


Interacting with computers
to understand human–computer interaction
… need to understand computers!

what goes in and out


devices, paper,
sensors, etc.

what can it do?


memory, processing,
networks

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