UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT

SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION

Multiple Choice Questions

VI SEMESTER
BA ECONOMICS

Core Course

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (ECO6 B15)

1. Probability sampling is otherwise called

A) Multiple choice B) Uni-variate Analysis
C) Random Sampling D) Bi-variate Analysis
2. Sampling which provides for a known non zero chance of selection is
A) Probability sampling B) Non probability sampling
C) Multiple Choice D) analysis
3. An example of probability sampling is
A) Quota sampling B) Snow-ball sampling
C) Purposive sampling D) Lottery method
4. Are used for Random Sample when the population is very large
A) Calculator B) Telescope
C) Computer D) Typewriter
5. In which sample population is divided into different strata and sample is taken from different
strata?
A) Quota Sampling B) Snow ball sampling
C) Stratified sampling D)Purposive Sampling
6. Drawing a sample from each stratum in the proportion to latter’s share in the total population is
called
A) Stratified sampling B) Proportioned stratified sampling
C) Disproportionate sampling D) Quota sampling

7. Selecting sample units in just a “hit and miss” fashion is called

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A) Convenience or Accidental sampling B) Purposive sampling

C) Stratified sampling D) Proportionate sampling
8. A technique of Building up a list or a sample of a special population by using an initial set of
members as informants is called
A) Quota sampling B)Convenience Sampling
C) Snow ball Sampling D) Purposive sampling
9. All the physical components of the computer are collectively called
A) Software B) Hard ware C) Firm Ware D) Circuit
10. Computer operations are through ………….
A) Binary digits B) Decimal C) Reminder D) Fraction
11. Office Editing and are two types of Editing in Research
A) Lab editing B) Field Editing C) Class Roam Editing D) Book Editing
12. Assigning numerals or other symbols to the categories or response is called
A) Editing B) Coding C) Transcription D) Tabulation
13. Social Science Research ……………. Problems
A. Explain B. diagnosis C. Recommend D. Formulate
14. Social research aims at ……………….
A. Integration B. Social Harmony
C. National Integration D. Social Equality
15. The method by which a sample is chosen
A. Unit B. design C. Random D. Census
16. Research undertaken for knowledge sake is
A. Pure Research B. Action Research C. Pilot study D. Survey
17. ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ sampling is a non‐probability sampling.
A. Purposive B. Stratified C. Systematic. D. None
18. Example for fact finding study is
A. Pure Research B. Survey
C. Action Research D. Long term Research
19. Research conducted to find solution for an immediate problem is ………….
A. Fundamental Research B. Analytical Research
C. Survey D. Action Research

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20. ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ is the tangible product of a research effort.

A. Research report B. Primary data C. Secondary data. D. None
21. ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ comprises defining & redefining problems,
formulating hypothesis or suggested solution.
A. Primary data B. Secondary data. C. Research D. None
22. ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ includes surveys & fact finding enquiries of
different kinds.
A. Descriptive B. Analytical C. Applied D. None
23. Quantitative research is based on ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐.
A. Measurement of quantity B. Measurement of quality
C. None of these. D. None
24. In SPSS, what is the "Data Viewer"?
A. A table summarizing the frequencies of data for one variable
B. A spreadsheet into which data can be entered
C. A dialog box that allows you to choose a statistical test
D. A screen in which variables can be defined and labeled
25. The first page of the research report is
A. Appendix B. Bibliography C. Index D. Title Page
26. Research is a “Scientific undertaking” opined by
A. Young B. Kerlinger C. Kothari D. Emory
27. The main concept behind doing research is to____________
A. study and explore knowledge.
B. start with a predened and clear-cut objectives.
C. gets new ideas.
D. define clear objectives
28. Action research means__________
A. A longitudinal research
B. An applied research
C. A research initiated to solve an immediate problem
D. A research with socioeconomic objective
29. The essential qualities of a researcher are__________
A. Spirit of free inquiry
B. Reliance on observation and evidence
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C. Systematization or theorizing of knowledge

D. All the above
30. Which of the following is not a type of research question?
A. A hypothesis B. Predicting an outcome
C. Evaluating a phenomenon D. Developing good practice
31. Which of the following is not the method of Research?
A. Survey B. Historical
C. Observation D. Philosophical
32. A Quantitative statement about a population for testing purpose is called?
A. Statistic B. Hypothesis
C. Level of Significance D. Test-Statistic
33. “One of the methods of logical reasoning process” is called
A. Induction B. Deduction C. Research D. Experiment
34. “Empirically verifiable observation” is
A. Theory B. Value C. Fact D. Statement
35. ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ search for knowledge.
A. Research B. Research design C. Sample design D. Research report.
36. The process of drawing a sample from a population is known as ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐.
A. Survey B. Census C. Sampling D. None of these.
37. ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ is empirical & practical.
A. Historical B. Applied research C. Descriptive D. Empirical.
38. Primary purpose of ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ is to provide insight unexplored areas.
A. Descriptive research design B. Diagnostic research design
C. Exploratory research design D. Experimental research design.
39. Correlation study is a type of ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐
A. Exploratory study B. Descriptive study
C. Experimental study. D. None
40. Which of the following would generally require the largest sample size?
A. Cluster sampling B. Simple random sampling
C. Systematic sampling D. Proportional stratified sampling.
41. What is the purpose of the conclusion in a research report?
A. It explains how concepts were operationally defined and measured

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B. it contains a useful review of the relevant literature

C. it outlines the methodological procedures that were employed
D. It summarizes the key findings in relation to the research questions
42. How can you tell if your research questions are really good?
A. If they guide your literature search
B. If they are linked together to help you construct a coherent argument
C. If they force you to narrow the scope of your research
D. all of the above
43. Which of the following is a problem associated with survey research?
A. The problem of objectivity
B. The problem of "going native"
C. The problem of omission
D. The problem of robustness
44. The introductory section of a research report should aim to:
A. Identify the specific focus of the study
B. Provide a rationale for the dissertation, or article
C. Grab the reader's attention
D. All of the above
45. Which of the following is an advantage of qualitative interviewing relative to participant
observation?
A. It allows you to find out about issues that are resistant to observation
B. It is more biased and value-laden
C. It is more likely to create reactive effects
D. None of the above
46. In research, something that does not “vary” is called a ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐.
A. Variable B. Method C. Constant D. Control group.
47. Open‐ended questions provide primacy ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐.
A. Confirmatory data B. Qualitative data
C. Predictive data D. None of these.
48. What is the first step in research process?
A. Developing hypothesis B. Collection of data
C. Formulating research problem D. Developing hypothesis.

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49. Which of the following is not one of the six major methods of data collection that are used by
educational researchers?
A. Observations B. Interviews
C. Questionnaire D. Checklists.
50. A census taken often collects data through which of the following?
A. Standardized tests B. Interviews
C. Secondary data D. Observations.
51. Experimental research is based on ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐.
A. Collected data
B. opinions of experts
C. Experiments conducted in a laboratory
D. All of these.
52. The variable which has the effect on another variable is called
‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐.
A. Extraneous variables B. Dependent variable
C. Independent variable D. None of these.
53. What is the last step in research process?
A. Execution of the project B. Preparation of the research report
C. Testing hypothesis D. None of these.
54. After formulating the research problem the research will prepare ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐.
A. Sample design B. Data collection method
C. Rsearch designs D. None of these.
55. Which one among the following statements is false in the context of participatory research?
A. It recognizes knowledge as power B. It is a collective process of inquiry
C. It emphasizes people as experts D. Its sole purpose is the production of knowledge
56. What are the conditions in which Type-I error occurs?
A. The null hypotheses get accepted even if it is false
B. The null hypotheses get rejected even if it is true
C. Both the null hypotheses as well as alternative hypotheses are rejected
D. None of the above
57. Concepts are ……………. of Research
A. Guide B. Tools C. Methods D. Variables
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58. What do you mean by Unit of Analysis?

A. Main parameter B. Variables
C. Sample D. Constructs
59. A formal document that presents the research objectives, design of achieving these objectives,
and the expected outcomes/deliverables of the study is called
A. Research design B. Research proposal
C. Research hypothesis D. Research report
60. Survey is a ……………. Study
A. Descriptive B. Fact finding
C. Analytical D. Systematic
61. The existing company information is an example of which data?
A. Primary B. Secondary
C. Both a and b D. None of the above
62. Questionnaire is filled by ……………….
A. Respondent B. Everybody
C. Enumerator D. None of the above
63. Questions in which only two alternatives are possible is called
A. Multiple choice questions B. Dichotomous questions
C. Open ended questions D. Structured questions
64. Identifying causes of a problem and possible solution to a problem is
A. Field Study B. Diagnosistic study
C. Action study D. Pilot study
65. Which one is called non-probability sampling?
A. Quota sampling B. Cluster sampling
C. Systematic sampling D. Stratified random sampling
66. Cluster sampling, stratified sampling and systematic sampling are types of
A. Direct sampling B. Indirect sampling
C. Random sampling D. Non random sampling
67. Primary data is ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ data.
A. First hand B. Secondary data
C. Information. D. none

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68. Descriptive research design is ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐.

A. General B. Specific
C. Informative. D. none
69. ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ is obtained by selecting a convenient population.
A. Stratified sampling B. Convenience sampling
C. Quota sampling D. Sequential sampling.
70. ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ is a combination of questionnaire & interview method.
A. Schedule method B. Stratified sampling
C. Quota sampling D. Cluster sampling.
71. ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ is a detailed description of what has been done & how it has
been done with respect to a particular area or topic.
A. Research design B. Research document
C. Research report D. Research problem.
72. Which of the following is the first step in starting the research process?
A. Searching sources of information to locate problem.
B. Survey of related literature
C. Identification of problem
D. Searching for solutions to the problem
73. What is the Purpose of Research_________?
A. To identify Problems B. To find Possible Solutions
C. Both D. None of these
74. ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ sampling is a non‐probability sampling.
A. Quota B. Stratified
C. Systematic D. none
75. What is a research design?
A. A way of conducting research that is not grounded in theory.
B. The choice between using qualitative or quantitative methods.
C. The style in which you present your research findings, e.g. a graph.
D. A framework for every stage of the collection and analysis of data.
76. ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ sampling is sampling.
A. Stratified B. Judgment
C. Quota. D. None

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77. Decisions regarding what, where, when, how much, by what means concerning an enquiry is
known as ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐.
A. Research methodology B. Research design
C. Data collection. D. None
78. Systematic sampling is ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ sampling.
A. Non‐Probability B. Probability sampling
C. None of these. D. None
79. The combination of interview &questionnaire is known as ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐.
A. Schedule B. Observation
C. Research. D. None
80. The combination of interview &‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ is known as
schedule method.
A. Observation B. questionnaire
C. Data. D. None
81. ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ refers to the aggregate of all units which posses a certain set of
characteristics.
A. Population B. Sample
C. None of these. D. None
82. All the elements of target population from which the sample is to be draw.
A. Sampling frame B. Sample unit
C. Sampling design. D. None
83. Sampling design is the blue pint for obtaining ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ from the
sampling frame.
A. Population B. data
C. Sample. D. none
84. No probability is associated with an individual of being selected is known as ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐.
A. Non‐probability sampling B. Probability sampling
C. None of these. D. None
85. Which of the following is not a data-collection method?
A. Research questions B. Unstructured interviewing
C. Postal survey questionnaires D. Participant observation
86. Which of these is not a step in the problem identification process?
A. Discussion with subject experts
B. Review of existing literature
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C. Theoretical foundation and model building

D. Management decision making
87. An example of scientific knowledge is___________
A. Laboratory and field experiments B. Social traditions and customs
C. Authority of the Prophet or great men D. Religious scriptures
88. A formal document that presents the research objectives, design of achieving these objectives,
and the expected outcomes/deliverables of the study is called
A. Research design B. Research proposal
C. Research hypothesis D. Research report
89. The formulated design must ensure:
A. Converting the research question and the hypotheses into measurable variables
B. Specifying the process to complete the above task
C. Specifying the ‘control mechanism(s)’
D. All the above
90. Systematic step-by-step procedure following logical process of reasoning called_________
A. Experiment B. Observation
C. Deduction D. Scientific method
91. How to judge the depth of any research?
A. By research title B. By research duration
C. By research objectives D. By total expenditure on research
92. Observation is a direct method of collecting
A. Primary data B. Secondary data
C. Both D. Published data
93. The research that is especially carried out to test and validate the study hypotheses is termed
A. Fundamental research B. Applied research
C. Conclusive research D. Exploratory research
94. A ______ is a subset of a _________.
A. Sample, population B. Population, sample
C. Statistic, parameter D. Parameter, statistic
95. Second step in problem formulation is
A. Statement of the problem B. Understanding the nature of the problem
C. Survey D. Discussions
96. Random sampling is also called _____________.
A. Availability sampling B. Probation sampling
C. Probability sampling D. Prospect sampling

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97. Which test is the part of the parametric test?

A. Sign Test B. Run Test for Randomness
C. Kruskal-Willis Test D. z-test
98. Final stage in the Research Process is
A. Problem formulation B. Data collection
C. Data Analysis D. Report Writing
99. A comprehensive full Report of the research process is called
A. Thesis B. Summary Report
C. Abstract D. Article
100. What type of chart is useful for showing trends or changes over time?
A. Pie Chart B. Column Chart
C. Line Chart D. Dot Graph
101. The ____ feature of MS Excel quickly completes a series of data
A. Auto Complete B. Auto Fill
C. Fill Handle D. Sorting
102. Which of the following is not one of the seven major parts to the research report?
A. Results B. Abstract
C. Method D. Footnotes
103. Marketing department of a business organization carries out research related to:
A. Product B. Pricing
C. Promotion D. All the above
104. What is the name of the conceptual framework in which the research is carried out?
A. Research hypothesis B. Synopsis of Research
C. Research paradigm D. Research design
105. Which of the following features are considered as critical in qualitative research?
A. Collecting data with the help of standardized research tools.
B. Design sampling with probability sample techniques.
C. Collecting data with bottom-up empirical evidence.
D. Gathering data with top-down schematic evidence.
106. How is random sampling helpful?
A. Reasonably accurate B. An economical method of data collection
C. Free from personal biases D. All of the above

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107.The research that is especially carried out to test and validate the study hypotheses is
termed___________
A. Fundamental research B. Applied research
C. Conclusive research D. Exploratory research
108. The research studies that explore the effect of one thing on another and more specifically, the
effect of one variable on another are known as__________
A. Causal research B. Applied research
C. Conclusive research D. Exploratory research
109. Which of the following best describes quantitative research?
A. The collection of non numerical data.
B. An attempt to confirm the researchers hypothesis.
C. Research that is exploratory.
D. Research the attempts to generate a new theory.
110. A variable that is presumed to case a change in another variable is called
A. Categorical variable
B. Dependent variable
C. Independent variable
D. Intervening variable.

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Answer Key

1 B 26 A 51 C 76 D 101 B
2 A 27 A 52 B 77 B 102 D
3 D 28 C 53 A 78 B 103 D
4 C 29 D 54 C 79 A 104 D
5 C 30 A 55 D 80 B 105 C
6 B 31 C 56 B 81 A 108 A
7 A 32 B 57 B 82 A 109 B
8 C 33 A 58 D 83 C 110 C
9 B 34 C 59 B 84 A
10 A 35 A 60 B 85 A
11 B 36 C 61 B 86 D
12 B 37 B 62 A 87 A
13 B 38 C 63 B 88 B
14 A 39 B 64 B 89 D
15 B 40 A 65 A 90 D
16 A 41 D 66 C 91 C
17 A 42 D 67 A 92 A
18 B 43 C 68 B 93 C
19 D 44 D 69 B 94 A
20 A 45 A 70 A 95 B
21 A 46 C 71 C 96 C
22 A 47 C 72 C 97 D
23 A 48 C 73 C 98 D
24 B 49 C 74 A 99 A
25 D 50 B 75 A 100 C

Prepared by:
Ajeshbabu K. P.,
Assistant Professor,
School of Distance Education,
University of Calicut.

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