Unit 9

Exercise-9a
Q.2
i.
3𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 1 . . . (1)
2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3 . . . (2)

𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (1)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (2):

Multiply equation 1 by 2 and equation 2 by 3
2(3𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 1)
6𝑥 − 8𝑦 = 2 . . . (3)
3(2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3)
6𝑥 − 3 𝑦 = 9 . . . (4)

Subtracting eq (4) from (3)

 6𝑥 − 8𝑦 = 2 . . . (3)
6𝑥 − 3 𝑦 = 9 … (4)
− + −
____________________________
−5𝑦 = −7
7
𝑦=−
−5
7
𝑦=
5
7
Now putting 𝑦 = in equation 2
5
7
2𝑥 − = 3
5
7
2𝑥 = 3 +
5
15 + 7
2𝑥 =
5
22
2𝑥 =
5
22
𝑥 =
5×2
11
𝑥 =
5
ii. 14𝑥 + 9𝑦 = 1 … … … (1) 4𝑥 – 3𝑦 = 3 … … … … (2)
multiply equation 2 by 3
3( 4𝑥 – 3𝑦 = 3)
12𝑥 – 9𝑦 = 9 … … … (3)
adding eq (1) and eq (3)
12𝑥 – 9𝑦 = 9 … … … (3)

14𝑥 + 9𝑦 = 1 … … … (1)
 ____________________
26𝑥 = 10
10
𝑥 =
26
5
𝑥 =
13
5
Putting in 1 14( ) + 9𝑦 = 1
13
70
9𝑦 = 1 − ( )
13
13 − 70
9𝑦 = ( )
13
57
𝑦 = ( )
13 × 9
57
𝑦 = ( )
117
Q.3
i.
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠:
4𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 8 . . . (1)
2𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 6 . . . (2)
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (2), 𝑤𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥:
2𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 6
2𝑥 = 2𝑦 + 6
𝑥 = 𝑦 + 3 . . . (3)
𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑤𝑒′𝑙𝑙 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (3) 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (1):
4(𝑦 + 3) − 2𝑦 = 8
𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑤𝑒′𝑙𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑦:
4𝑦 + 12 − 2𝑦 = 8
2𝑦 + 12 = 8
 2𝑦 = 8 − 12
2𝑦 = −4
𝑦 = −2
Now we can substitute y = −2 it back into equation (3) to find x:
𝑥 = (−2) + 3
𝑥 = 1

So, the solution to the system of equations is x = 1 and y = −2.

ii.

12𝑥 + 9𝑦 = 1 …………………….(1)
3𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 6 ………………………..(2)
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 2
3𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 6
3𝑥 = 3𝑦 + 6
𝑥 = 𝑦 + 2

Now, we substitute this expression for x into equation 1:

12(𝑦 + 2) + 9𝑦 = 1
12𝑦 + 24 + 9𝑦 = 1
21𝑦 + 24 = 1
21𝑦 = 1 − 24
21𝑦 = −23
23
𝑦 = −
21
Now, substitute the value of y back into equation 2 to find x:
 23
𝑥 = − + 2
21
23 42
𝑥 =− +
21 21
−23 + 42
𝑥 =
21
19
𝑥 =
21

So, the solution to the system of equations is

19 23
𝑥 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = − .
21 21

Q.4 i. 3𝑥 – 2𝑦 = 4 2𝑥 – 3𝑦 = 6
3𝑥 – 2𝑦 − 4 = 0 2𝑥 – 3𝑦 − 6 = 0

3 -2 -4 3 -2 -4
2 -3 -6 2 -3 -6
𝑥 𝑦 1
= =
−2 × −6 − (−3) × −4 −4 × 2 − (−6) × 3 3 × −3 − 2 × −2
𝑥 𝑦 1
= =
12 − 12 −8 + 18 −9 + 4
𝑥 𝑦 1
= =
0 10 −5
𝑥 1
=
0 −5
1×0
𝑥 =
−5
𝑥 = 0
𝑦 1
=
10 −5
1 × 10
𝑦 =
−5
𝑦 = −2
𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑥 = 0 𝑦 = −2
ii.
8x + 9y = 7 3x – 8y = 6

8x + 9y − 7 = 0 3x – 8y − 6 = 0

8 9 −7 8 9 − 7
3 −8 −6 3 −8 −6

𝑥 𝑦 1
= =
9 × −6 − (−8) × (−7) −7 × 3 − (−6) × 8 8 × −8 − 9 × 3

𝑥 𝑦 1
= =
−54 − 56 −21 + 48 −64 − 27
𝑥 𝑦 1
= =
−110 27 −91
𝑥 1
=
−110 −91
−110
𝑥 =
−91
110
𝑥 =
91
𝑦 1
=
27 −91
 27
𝑦 =
−91
−27
𝑦 =
91

Q.5 i. let age of sun = x

Age of father = y
The sum of their ages is 60 years: x + y = 60
The difference between their ages is 40 years: y − x = 40
We have a system of two equations:
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 60
𝑦 − 𝑥 = 40
𝑇𝑜 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠, 𝑤𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑛𝑒
𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠.
𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒, 𝑤𝑒′𝑙𝑙 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.
𝑦 = 60 − 𝑥
𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑦 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 2:
60 − 𝑥 − 𝑥 = 40
60 − 2𝑥 = 40
60 − 2𝑥 = 40
60 − 2𝑥 = 40
−2𝑥 = 40 − 60
−2𝑥 = −20
𝑥 = −20/−2
𝑥 = 10
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑥 = 10 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 1:
10 + 𝑦 = 60
 𝑦 = 60 − 10
𝑦 = 50
ii.
Let′s denote the cost of a book as x and the cost of a pen as y .

3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 395 2𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 355
First, let′s multiply equation 1 by 5 and equation 2 by 2 to eliminate y ∶
15𝑥 + 10𝑦 = 1975
4𝑥 + 10𝑦 = 710
𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 2 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 1:
(15𝑥 + 10𝑦) − (4𝑥 + 10𝑦) = 1975 − 710
15𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 10𝑦 − 10𝑦 = 1265
11𝑥 = 1265
𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑦 11:
𝑥 = 1265/11
𝑥 ≈ 115
Now, substitute the value of x into one of the original equations to solve for y.
Let′s use equation 1:

3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 395
3(115) + 2𝑦 = 395
345 + 2𝑦 = 395
2𝑦 = 395 − 345
2𝑦 = 50
𝑦 = 50/2
𝑦 = 25
So, the cost of a book (x)is approximately Rs. 115, and the cost of a pen (y)is Rs. 25.

iii.

Let's denote the cost of one apple as "x" and the cost of one pear as "y."

From the given information, we have:

9 apples and 4 pears cost Rs. 11, which gives the equation: 9x + 4y = 11.

5 apples and 4 pears cost Rs. 7, which gives the equation: 5x + 4y = 7.

To find the values of x and y, subtract the second equation from the first:

(9x + 4y) - (5x + 4y) = 11 - 7.

Simplifying this gives:

4x = 4, so x = 1.

Now that we know the cost of one apple (x) is Rs. 1, substitute this value into the
second equation:

5x + 4y = 7.

Replacing x with 1:

5(1) + 4y = 7, which simplifies to 5 + 4y = 7.

Solving for y:

4y = 2, so y = 0.5.

Therefore, the cost of one apple is Rs. 1, and the cost of one pear is Rs. 0.5.

Exercise-9b
Q.1
i. 𝑎𝑡 = 𝑥
2𝑎𝑡 = 𝑦
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 1
𝑥
𝑡 =
𝑎

𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 1 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 2:

𝑥
2𝑎 ( ) = 𝑦
𝑎
𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦:
2𝑥 = 𝑦
ii.
𝑏𝑡 2 = 𝑥
𝑎𝑡 3 = 𝑦

From equation 1, we can solve for 𝑡 2 :

𝑥
𝑡2 =
𝑏

Now, take the square root of both sides to solve for t ∶

x
t= √
b

Now, substitute t from equation 1 into equation 2:

𝑎𝑡 3 = 𝑦
3
𝑥
𝑎 (√ ) =𝑦
𝑏

iii.
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠:
 𝑎 𝑡3 − 𝑑 = 0
𝑏 𝑡2 + 𝑐 = 0
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 2 ∶
𝑏 𝑡 2 = −𝑐
𝑐
𝑡2 = −
𝑏
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑡 2 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑝 1 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑎 𝑡3 − 𝑑 = 0
𝑐
𝑎 𝑡 (− ) − 𝑑 = 0
𝑏
𝑐
𝑎 𝑡 (− ) = 𝑑
𝑏
𝑑𝑏
𝑡 =
−𝑎𝑐
𝑑𝑏 2 𝑐
( ) = −
−𝑎𝑐 𝑏
𝑑 2 𝑐 𝑐 2
( ) = − ×( )
𝑎 𝑏 𝑏
𝑑 2 𝑐 3
( ) = −( )
𝑎 𝑏

iv. 𝑥 = √3 𝑡 … . .1 𝑦 2 = √5 𝑡 … … . .2
𝑥
= 𝑡 from 1
√3
𝑥
𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛 2 𝑡=
√3
𝑥
𝑦 2 = √5 ×
√3
 √5 𝑥
𝑦2 =
√3
1
v. 𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡 … … 1 𝑠 = 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2 … .2
2

From 1
𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑖 = 𝑎𝑡
𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑖
= 𝑡
𝑎
𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑖
𝑡=
𝑎
𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑖
𝑃𝑢𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡 = 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑞. 2
𝑎

𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑖 1 𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑖 2
𝑠 = 𝑣𝑖 ( ) + 𝑎( )
𝑎 2 𝑎
𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑖 𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑖
𝑠 =( ) [𝑣𝑖 + ( )]
𝑎 2
𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑖 2 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑖
𝑠 =( )[ ( )]
𝑎 2
2𝑎𝑠 = (𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑖 )(𝑣𝑓 + 𝑣𝑖 )
2𝑎𝑠 = (𝑣𝑓2 − 𝑣𝑖2 )
1 1
Q.2 i. 𝑥 − = 𝑚 …..1 𝑥2 + = 𝑝2 … . .2
𝑥 𝑥2

Squaring equation 1 on both sides

1
(𝑥 − )2 = 𝑚2
𝑥
1 1
𝑥2 + − 2(𝑥) ( )=𝑚2
𝑥2 𝑥
1
𝑥2 + − 2 = 𝑚2
𝑥2
1
𝑥2 + = 𝑚2 +2 …….3
𝑥2

𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡 .

𝑝2 = 𝑚2 +2
𝑥 𝑐 𝑥 𝑐
ii. + = 2𝑎 … . .1 − = 3𝑏 … … .2
𝑐 𝑥 𝑐 𝑥

Squaring equation 1 on both sides

𝑥 𝑐
( + )2 = (2𝑎)2
𝑐 𝑥
𝑥2 𝑐2 𝑥 𝑐
+ + 2 ( ) ( )=4𝑎2
𝑐2 𝑥2 𝑐 𝑥
𝑥2 𝑐2
+ + 2 = 4𝑎2
𝑐2 𝑥2
𝑥2 𝑐2
+ = 4𝑎2 − 2 ….3
𝑐2 𝑥2

Squaring equation 2 on both sides

𝑥 𝑐
( − )2 = (3𝑏)2
𝑐 𝑥
𝑥2 𝑐2 𝑥 𝑐
+ − 2 ( ) ( )=9𝑏 2
𝑐2 𝑥2 𝑐 𝑥
𝑥2 𝑐2
+ − 2 = 9𝑏 2
𝑐2 𝑥2
𝑥2 𝑐2
+ = 9𝑏 2 + 2 …….4
𝑐2 𝑥2

𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 4 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡 .

4𝑎2 − 2 = 9𝑏 2 + 2
1 1
iii. 𝑥2 − = 𝑡……1 𝑥4 + = 𝑚 … . .2
𝑥2 𝑥4
1 2
(𝑥 2 − ) = 𝑡2
𝑥2
1 1
𝑥4 + − 2(𝑥 2 ) ( 2)=𝑡 2
𝑥4 𝑥
1
𝑥4 + − 2 = 𝑡2
𝑥4
1
𝑥4 + = 𝑡 2 +2 …….3
𝑥4

𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡 .

𝑡2 + 2 = 𝑚
 Exercise-9c

i.
𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 10 𝑎𝑛𝑑 5𝑥 + 𝑦 = 6
𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑑:

Multiplying the second equation by 4, we get:

4(5𝑥 + 𝑦) = 4(6), 20𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 24

𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠:
𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 20𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 10 + 24
21𝑥 = 34
34
𝑥 =
21

Substitute the expression for x into the equation 1 ∶

34
− 4𝑦 = 10
21
34
− 4𝑦 = 10 −
21
210 − 34
𝑦 = −
21 × 4
176
𝑦 = −
21 × 4
44
𝑦 = −
21

ii.
 2𝑥 – 3𝑦 = 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 7𝑥 – 3𝑦 = 4
subtracting both equations
(2𝑥 – 3𝑦) − (7𝑥 – 3𝑦 ) = 5 − 4
2𝑥 – 3𝑦 − 7𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 1

−5𝑥 = 1
1
𝑥=−
5

Putting value of x in 1
1
2 (− ) – 3𝑦 = 5
5
2
– 3𝑦 = 5 +
5
25 + 2
𝑦 =
−5 × 3
27
𝑦 = −
15
9
𝑦 = −
5

iii.
6𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 7 𝑎𝑛𝑑 8𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 10
𝑀𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑦 8 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑦 6, 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡:
8(6𝑥 − 5𝑦) = 8(7) 48𝑥 − 40𝑦 = 56
6(8𝑥 + 3𝑦) = 6(10) 48𝑥 + 18𝑦 = 60
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠:
(48𝑥 − 40𝑦) − (48𝑥 + 18𝑦) = 56 − 60
−58𝑦 = −4
 2
𝑦 =
29
𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑦 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑥:
2
6𝑥 – 5 = 7
29
10
6𝑥 = 7 +
29
203 + 10
𝑥 =
29
213
𝑥 =
29 × 6
71
𝑥 =
58

iv.
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 20 𝑎𝑛𝑑 5𝑥 + 8𝑦 = 12
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑥 𝑎𝑠
𝑥 = (20 − 2𝑦)/3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
20 − 2𝑦
5( ) + 8𝑦 = 12
3
100 − 10𝑦 + 24𝑦 = 36
14𝑦 = 36 − 100
14𝑦 = −64

−64
𝑦 =
14
 −32
𝑦 =
7

𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑦 𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑘 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙

𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥:
−32
3𝑥 + 2 ( ) = 20
7
64
3𝑥 = 20 +
7
140 + 64
3𝑥 =
7
204
𝑥 =
7×3
68
𝑥 =
7

v. 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 13 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 26

𝑀𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑦 2, 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡:

2𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 26
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3
2𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 2𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 26 − 26
0=0
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒
vi. 𝑥 – 4𝑦 = 8 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3𝑥 – 12𝑦 = 24
𝑀𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑦 3, 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡:
3𝑥 – 12𝑦 = 24
 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3
3𝑥 – 12𝑦 − 3𝑥 + 12𝑦 = 24 − 24
0=0
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒
vii.
7𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 20 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2𝑥 − 7𝑦 = 18
𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑑:
𝑀𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑦 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑦 7, 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡:

2(7𝑥 + 3𝑦) = 2(20) , 14𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 40

7(2𝑥 − 7𝑦) = 7(18) 14𝑥 − 49𝑦 = 126

𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠:

(14𝑥 + 6𝑦) − (14𝑥 − 49𝑦) = 40 − 126

55𝑦 = −86
86
𝑦 = −
55

𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑦 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑥:

86
7𝑥 + 3(− ) = 20
55
258
7𝑥 = (20 + )
55
1100 + 258
7𝑥 =
55
1358
𝑥 =
55 × 7
 194
𝑥 =
55

Exercise-9d

i. 𝑥>2

ii. x<4

iii. x > –1

iv. x>6
v. x > –4

vi. x≤3

vii. 2 ≤ x≤ 4

viii. –1< x ≤ 2

ix. –2 < x < 2

 Q.2 i. 𝑥<1 ii. 𝑥 ≥ −1 iii. 𝑥 ≥ −2 iv. −2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
v. −2 < 𝑥 ≤ 2 vi. −1 < 𝑥 < 3 vii. −1 < 𝑥 ≤ 3
viii. −4 ≤ 𝑥 < 2 ix. −5 ≤ 𝑥 < 10

Q.3
i.

ii. 30 𝑘𝑚 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 70 𝑘𝑚

Q.4a.
 b. 1.2 𝑘𝑔 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3.4 𝑘𝑔
Exercise 9e
Q.1
(i) 4𝑥 + 6 ≤ 18
Solve for 𝑥 :
4𝑥 ≤ 18 − 6
4𝑥 ≤ 12
𝑥 ≤3
(ii) 5𝑥 − 8 > 27
Solve for 𝑥 :
5𝑥 > 27 + 8
5𝑥 > 35
𝑥 >7
(iii) 6𝑥 + 7 < 37
Solve for 𝑥 :
6𝑥 < 37 − 7
6𝑥 < 30
𝑥 <5
(iv) 5𝑥 − 7 ≥ −17
Solve for 𝑥 :
 5𝑥 ≥ −17 + 7
5x ≥ −10
x ≥ −2
2𝑥−6
v. <1
4
Solve for 𝑥 :
2𝑥 − 6 < 4
2𝑥 < 10
𝑥<5
vi. 4(2𝑥 − 3) ≥ −8
Solve for 𝑥 :
8𝑥 − 12 ≥ −8
8𝑥 ≥ 4
1
𝑥≥
2
Q.2

(i) 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟔 < 𝟐𝟗
Solve for x:

5𝑥 − 6 < 29

Add 6 to both sides:

5𝑥 < 35

Divide by 5:

𝑥 < 7

(ii) 𝟕𝒙 + 𝟐 ≥ −𝟏𝟗
Solve for x:

7𝑥 + 2 ≥ −19
Subtract 2 from both sides:

7𝑥 ≥ −21

Divide by 7:

𝑥 ≥ −3

(iii) 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟖 ≤ 𝟏𝟐
Solve for x:

5𝑥 − 8 ≤ 12

Add 8 to both sides:

5𝑥 ≤ 20

Divide by 5:

𝑥 ≤ 4

(iv) 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟑 ≥ 𝟏
Solve for x:

6𝑥 − 3 ≥ 1

Add 3 to both sides:

6𝑥 ≥ 4

Divide by 6:

2
𝑥 ≥
3
(v) 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟕 < 𝟏𝟏
Solve for x:

5𝑥 + 7 < 11

Subtract 7 from both sides:

5𝑥 < 4

Divide by 5:

4
𝑥 <
5

(vi) 𝟕𝒙 − 𝟖 > −𝟐
Solve for x:

7𝑥 − 8 > −2

Add 8 to both sides:

7𝑥 > 6

Divide by 7:

6
𝑥 >
7

(vii) 𝟒 − 𝟐𝒙 ≥ −𝟖
Solve for x:

4 − 2𝑥 ≥ −8

Subtract 4 from both sides:

−2𝑥 ≥ −12
 Divide by -2 (reverse the inequality sign):

𝑥 ≤ 6

(viii) 𝟓 − 𝟔𝒙 > −𝟕
Solve for x:

5 − 6𝑥 > −7

Subtract 5 from both sides:

−6𝑥 > −12

Divide by -6 (reverse the inequality sign):

𝑥 < 2

(ix) 𝟒(𝟐 − 𝒙) ≥ −𝟖
Solve for x:

Distribute 4:

8 − 4𝑥 ≥ −8

Subtract 8 from both sides:

−4𝑥 ≥ −16

Divide by -4 (reverse the inequality sign):

𝑥 ≤4

Q.3

Solution:

Start with the given inequality in Fahrenheit:

 60 < 𝐹 < 70

Substitute the formula for 𝐹 in terms of 𝐶 :

9
60 < 32 + 𝐶 < 70
5
Solve the inequality for 𝐶 :
• Subtract 32 from all parts of the inequality:
9
60 − 32 < 𝐶 < 70 − 32
5
9
28 < 𝐶 < 38
5
5
• Multiply all parts by to solve for 𝐶 :
9
5 5
⋅ 28 <𝐶< ⋅ 38
9 9
140 190
<𝐶<
9 9
• Simplify the fractions:
15. 5̅ < 𝐶 < 21. 1̅

Conclusion:
The temperature in degrees Celsius, 𝐶, must satisfy the inequality:

15. 5̅ < 𝐶 < 21. 1̅

This means that for the temperature in Fahrenheit to be between 60∘ F and 70∘ F,
the temperature in Celsius must be between approximately 15.6∘ C and 21.1∘ C

Q.4

Part (a)
The problem states:
𝑥 is a whole number such that:

−4 ≤ 𝑥 < 2
(i) Make a list of all possible values of 𝑥.

• Whole numbers are non-negative integers (0,1,2, … ).

• The inequality −4 ≤ 𝑥 < 2 restricts 𝑥 to be between -4 and 2 (including -4
but not including 2).
Since 𝑥 must be a whole number, the possible values of 𝑥 are:
0,1
(ii) What is the largest possible value of 𝑥 2 ?

To find the largest possible value of 𝑥 2 , we need to square the possible values of
𝑥:

𝑥 = 0 ⟹ 𝑥 2 = 02 = 0

𝑥 = 1 ⟹ 𝑥 2 = 12 = 1

The largest possible value of 𝑥 2 is 1.

Part (b)

Shahbaz's test scores

Every week, Shahbaz has a test in mathematics. The test is marked out of 20. The
following conditions are given:

• He has always scored at least half the marks available.

• He has never quite managed to score full marks.
Let 𝑥 represent Shahbaz's marks. We need to write this information in the form of
two inequalities.

At least half the marks available:

1
𝑥≥ × 20 = 10
2
So, the first inequality is:

𝑥 ≥ 10

Never quite managed to score full marks:

Since Shahbaz has never scored full marks (20), his score is always less than 20:

𝑥 < 20

So, the second inequality is:

𝑥 < 20

Exercise 9f

Q.1

To find the gradient (or slope) of the line 𝐿, we need to use the formula for the
gradient between two points:
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
Gradient (m) =
𝑥2 − 𝑥1

From the image, we can see that the line passes through the points (0, −1) and
(0.4,0).

Let's label these points:

• Point 1: (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) = (0, −1)

• Point 2: (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) = (0.4,0)
Now, substitute these values into the formula:
0 − (−1)
𝑚=
0.4 − 0
Simplify the expression:
1
𝑚=
0.4
𝑚 = 2.5

Q.2

To find the gradient (or slope) of the line 𝐿, we need to use the formula for the
gradient between two points:
 𝑦2 − 𝑦1
Gradient (m) =
𝑥2 − 𝑥1

From the image, we can see that the line passes through the points (0,4.6) and
(1.4,0).

Let's label these points:

• Point 1: (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) = (0,4.6)

• Point 2: (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) = (1.4,0)
Now, substitute these values into the formula:
0 − (4.6)
𝑚=
1.4 − 0
Simplify the expression:
−4.6
𝑚=
1. .4
𝑚 = −3.28

Q.3

To find the gradient (or slope) of the line 𝐿, we need to use the formula for the
gradient between two points:
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
Gradient (m) =
𝑥2 − 𝑥1

From the image, we can see that the line passes through the points (−0.4,0) and
(0,1).

Let's label these points:

• Point 1: (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) = (−0.4,0)

• Point 2: (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) = (0,1)
Now, substitute these values into the formula:
1 − (0)
𝑚=
0 − (−0.4)
Simplify the expression:
1
𝑚=
0.4
𝑚 = 2.5

Q.4

To find the gradient (or slope) of the line 𝐿, we need to use the formula for the
gradient between two points:
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
Gradient (m) =
𝑥2 − 𝑥1

From the image, we can see that the line passes through the points (0,1) and
(1,0).

Let's label these points:

• Point 1: (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) = (0,1)

• Point 2: (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) = (1,0)
Now, substitute these values into the formula:
0 − (1)
𝑚=
1−0
Simplify the expression:
−1
𝑚=
1
𝑚 = −1

Q.5

To find the gradient (or slope) of the line 𝐿, we need to use the formula for the
gradient between two points:
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
Gradient (m) =
𝑥2 − 𝑥1
From the image, we can see that the line passes through the points (−0.8,0) and
(0,4).

Let's label these points:

• Point 1: (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) = (−0.8,0)

• Point 2: (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) = (0,4)
Now, substitute these values into the formula:
4 − (0)
𝑚=
0 − (−0.8)

Simplify the expression:

4
𝑚=
0.8
𝑚 = 5

Q.6

To find the gradient (or slope) of the line 𝐿, we need to use the formula for the
gradient between two points:
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
Gradient (m) =
𝑥2 − 𝑥1

From the image, we can see that the line passes through the points (−1,0) and
(0,0.6).

Let's label these points:

• Point 1: (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) = (−1,0)

• Point 2: (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) = (0,0.6)
Now, substitute these values into the formula:
0.6 − 0
𝑚=
0 − (−1)

Simplify the expression:

 0.6
𝑚=
1
𝑚 = 0.6

Q.7

To find the gradient (or slope) of the line 𝐿, we need to use the formula for the
gradient between two points:
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
Gradient (m) =
𝑥2 − 𝑥1

Given points are

• Point 1: (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) = (5,4)

• Point 2: (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) = (7,0)
Now, substitute these values into the formula:
0−4
𝑚=
0 − (−1)

Simplify the expression:

0.6
𝑚=
1
𝑚 = 0.6

Q.8

To find the gradient (or slope) of the line 𝐿, we need to use the formula for the
gradient between two points:
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
Gradient (m) =
𝑥2 − 𝑥1

Given points are

• Point 1: (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) = (−3,4)

• Point 2: (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) = (5,8)
Now, substitute these values into the formula:
8−4
𝑚=
5 − (−3)

Simplify the expression:

4
𝑚=
8
1
𝑚=
2

𝑚 = 0.5

Q.9

The gradient (slope) of a line passing through two points 𝐴(𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) and 𝐵(𝑥2 , 𝑦2 )
is given by:
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
Gradient =
𝑥2 − 𝑥1

For line 𝐴𝐵, the gradient is given as 5 and the coordinates of points 𝐴 and 𝐵 are
𝐴(2, −1) and 𝐵(6, 𝑘), respectively. Plugging these values into the formula:
𝑘 − (−1)
5=
6−2
Simplify the denominator:
𝑘+1
5=
4
Now, solve for 𝑘 :
5×4=𝑘+1 ⟹ 20 = 𝑘 + 1
𝑘 = 20 − 1 ⟹ 𝑘 = 19
So, the value of 𝑘 is 19
Q.10

To find the value of 𝑘, we use the formula for the gradient (slope) of a line passing
through two points 𝐴(𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) and 𝐵(𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) :
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
Gradient =
𝑥2 − 𝑥1

For line 𝐴𝐵, the gradient is given as 4 and the coordinates of points 𝐴 and 𝐵 are
𝐴(−3,4) and 𝐵(𝑘, 12). Substituting these values into the gradient formula:
12 − 4
4=
𝑘 − (−3)

Simplify the numerator:

8
4=
𝑘+3
Now, solve for 𝑘 by cross-multiplying:

4(𝑘 + 3) = 8

Expand and solve for 𝑘 :

4𝑘 + 12 = 8
4𝑘 = 8 − 12
4𝑘 = −4
𝑘 = −1
So, the value of 𝑘 is -1

Exercise 9g

Q.1
 (i) y=x–8

Y-intercept:

Put x = 0 we get y = - 8

So, (0, -8)

X-intercept:

Set y = 0 → 0 = x - 8 → x = 8. X-intercept is (8, 0).

Graph

(ii) y = 3x + 1

• Y-intercept: Set x = 0, y = 1. So, y-intercept is (0, 1).

• X-intercept: Set y = 0, solve for x → x = -1/3. So, x-intercept is (-1/3, 0).
 Graph

(iii) y = -x + 7

• Y-intercept: Set x = 0, y = 7. So, y-intercept is (0, 7).

• X-intercept: Set y = 0, solve for x → x = 7. So, x-intercept is (7, 0).
• Graph
(iv) y = 8x + 3

• Y-intercept: Set x = 0, y = 3. So, y-intercept is (0, 3).

• X-intercept: Set y = 0, solve for x → x = -3/8. So, x-intercept is (-3/8, 0).

Graph

(v) y = -3x + 2

• Y-intercept: Set x = 0, y = 2. So, y-intercept is (0, 2).

• X-intercept: Set y = 0, solve for x → x = 2/3. So, x-intercept is (2/3, 0).
(vi) y = -2x - 5

• Y-intercept: Set x = 0, y = -5. So, y-intercept is (0, -5).

• X-intercept: Set y = 0, solve for x → x = -5/2. So, x-intercept is (-5/2, 0).

Graph