PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA

TITLE PROPOSAL
Name of Proponent(s):

1. James Micheal Padayao

2. Justin Padora
3. Johnlestes Alano

I. Proposed Title

"a Smart Recyclable Waste Collection System with Voucher-Based Reward

Mechanism for Exchangeable Items"

II. Introduction

This capstone project addresses the widespread issue of improper disposal of waste
and littering, especially in school settings. The absence of proper knowledge and
training about segregation of waste and recycling plays an important role in causing
pollution to the environment, landfills overflow, and wastage of recyclable material.
This project utilizes information technology to combat this issue, presenting a
sustainable and interactive option for engaging students in responsible waste
management.

This project falls under the theme of environmental sustainability and waste
management, using Internet of Things (IoT) technologies and data analytics.

The particular problem is the lack of involvement and sensitivity towards proper
disposal of waste and recycling among the students, and this results in environmental
degradation and loss of resources. The challenge is to build and deploy an advanced
technology-enabled solution that will encourage responsible behavior in waste
management.

This project suggests a smart and recyclable system for collecting waste with an
incentive of a voucher-based reward. Smart bins with sensors, a mobile app for
tracking purposes and to redeem rewards, and a central processing unit for data
management are proposed to be the system's infrastructure. By integrating technology
and behavioral incentives, this project has the goal of substantially enhancing the
school's waste management practices, creating a culture of environmental
responsibility, and enabling students to develop the knowledge and motivation

necessary for environmentally responsible choices. Success of the project will be

evaluated on the basis of enhanced recycling levels and enhanced waste disposal
 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA
behavior within the school population.

III. Problem Statement

Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Muntinlupa (PLMun) has a serious issue with

improper disposal of waste and low recycling rates among students, resulting in
environmental contamination and wasted resources. The existing system for
reporting violations is also inefficient and inconvenient for students.

The low recycling rates at PLMun are due to a lack of awareness of proper
segregation of waste, lack of motivation among students to recycle, and the lack
of interactive and effective recycling programs. This leads to environmental
degradation, surplus landfill load, and loss of useful recyclable material. The
problem is not only on the campus but also has a broader community implication.
Additionally, students have to go and report breaches personally at the office,
leading to wastage of time and inconvenience, especially for those with tight
schedules. Poor waste disposal and low recycling levels in PLMun contribute to
environmental pollution, increased landfill costs, and loss of valuable resources.

The problem's root causes are multifaceted: poor awareness of proper waste
segregation techniques, poor motivation of students to engage in recycling, and
absence of beneficial and interactive recycling programs in school life.The
problem affects the entire PLMun community and its surroundings. The impacts
are environmental deterioration, added waste disposal cost for the university and
the local government, and the loss of potential to reclaim useful materials through
recycling. The inefficient process of reporting violations is part of the problem
since students have to spend time going to the office and may disturb their
schedules. This project seeks to resolve these problems via the creation and
application of a new solution that will enhance the procedures on waste
management, enhance the culture of environmental responsibility in the PLMun
students, and simplify filing violations.

IV. Potential Impact and Benefits

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This waste management system improves Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng

Muntinlupa (PLMun) environmentally by decreasing waste and enhancing
recycling rates, resulting in a cleaner campus and better aesthetics. It also
makes money from the sales of recyclables, which can cover costs and even
support other programs. From a technical standpoint, it demonstrates
pioneering IoT and data analytics solutions to support sustainability, offering
data-based evidence to enhance waste management practices and being a
model institution for other institutions. Socially, the reward system based on
vouchers promotes participation, promoting ecological responsibility and
enhancing campus life, thereby making PLMun an even more environmentally
responsible institution.

V. Related Literature and Studies

[1] Smart Trash Can: Innovation of Automatic Trash Can with Arduino Uno-
Based as an Effort to Support Global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Action.

Aqilah et al. (2021) tested a Smart Trash Can prototype through 30 trials with organic,
inorganic, and metal waste, yielding promising results. The system accurately
detected waste types using integrated sensors, allowing the corresponding container to
open automatically for touch-free disposal. A built-in hand sanitizer features detected
hands and dispensed sanitizer to promote hygiene, while an LCD screen displayed
waste types to educate users on proper sorting. Designed with a sturdy iron casing, the
trash can holds up to 15 kg, divided into three 5 kg compartments. Overall, the
prototype enhances waste management awareness and hygiene, contributing to the
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

[2] A proposed IoT based smart waste bin management system with an
optimized route: a case study of ghana.

Xenya et al. (2020) presented an IoT-based smart waste bin management system that
effectively detects and communicates garbage levels in real-time using ultrasonic
sensors and GSM modules. The system improved waste collection efficiency by
optimizing routing, reducing the average route distance from 18.3 km to 14.7 km and
average route time from 65.2 to 49.35 minutes. User interaction was enhanced

through desktop and mobile applications, including the Borlaman app, enabling real-
time bin monitoring, alerts, and optimized routing. Additionally, an SMS notification
system provided backup alerts for garbage collectors when the mobile app was
 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA
unavailable. The system met key performance metrics during testing, proving its
viability for real-world waste management, particularly in Ghana, by improving
operational efficiency and responsiveness.

[3] Smart trash bin model design and future for smart city

Huh et al. (2021) introduced a Smart Trash Bin model utilizing IoT technologies to
enhance urban waste management in South Korea, focusing on cost reduction,
automation, and efficiency. The system minimizes operational costs by reducing
manpower and administrative expenses while employing sensor technology, image
processing, and spectroscopy to automate waste classification with 99.8% accuracy
using FT-IR spectroscopy. By improving waste segregation, the model promotes
better recycling habits, while its remote management capabilities allow real-time
monitoring and alerts for full bins. Overall, the Smart Trash Bin enhances waste
management efficiency, lowers costs for local governments, and fosters
environmentally friendly recycling practices.

[4] RFID-based real-time smart waste management system

Chowdhury & Chowdhury (2007) presented the RFID-based Real-time Automatic

Waste Identity, Weight, and Stolen Bins Identification System (WIWSBIS), which
enhances waste tracking by enabling municipalities and waste collectors to identify
waste, measure weight, and detect missing bins without human intervention. The
system improves efficiency and cost savings by automating waste management tasks,
including customer invoicing and reducing manual labor. Real-time data transfer
through a PDA-based interface ensures seamless processing and storage via a wireless
network. Security is reinforced with password-protected authentication for assigning
and removing RFID tags, preventing unauthorized access. With practical applications,
the RFID and sensor-based system significantly enhances waste management
accuracy, efficiency, and security, contributing to better service delivery and cost
reduction.

[5] IoT (Internet of Things)-based smart trash can. Journal of Internet of

Things and Convergence

Kim (2020) explores the IoT-based smart trash can as a solution to urban waste
disposal challenges, particularly in high-traffic areas where overflowing garbage
causes hygiene and aesthetic issues. The smart trash can feature garbage compression
to increase capacity, automatic lid operation for convenience and hygiene, a garbage
level display for monitoring, and remote management capabilities for efficient waste
control. By mitigating odor, insect attraction, and unsightly waste accumulation,

the system aims to enhance urban cleanliness. The study concludes that integrating
IoT technology in waste management can significantly improve public health,
environmental aesthetics, and overall waste disposal efficiency.
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[6] IoT-enabled smart waste management systems for smart cities: A systematic
review

Sosunova & Porras (2022) conducted a systematic review of IoT-enabled smart waste
management (SWM) systems, analyzing their implementation in smart cities.
Research trends showed a peak in studies on smart garbage bins (SGBs) and city-level
SWM systems around 2018, followed by a slight decline, with city-level SWM
descriptions remaining stable. Content analysis using KH Coder identified key
clusters such as smart cities, waste management, SGBs, route planning, and sensor
solutions. Research focus shifted from technical implementation (2014–2016) to
integrated, citywide IoT-based solutions (2017–2022), emphasizing community
involvement and environmental considerations. From an initial 3,732 articles, 173
studies were selected based on inclusion criteria, analyzing benefits, drawbacks, and
research gaps. SGB-related studies were categorized into high-level SWM systems,
hybrid city- and SGB-level systems, and direct SGB implementations. The paper
recommends improved data sharing among stakeholders and integrating diverse
technologies for effective waste management. These findings underscore IoT's role in
advancing urban waste management while identifying areas for further research and
development.

[7] Real-time smart garbage bin mechanism for solid waste management in
smart cities

Abuga & Raghava (2021) introduced a real-time smart garbage bin mechanism using
Netlogo, a multi-agent modeling platform, to enhance solid waste management in
smart cities. The system enables real-time data access, addressing common issues like
delayed waste collection and throughput inefficiencies. Results show its effectiveness
in preventing waste overflow by providing timely updates on bin status, improving
urban cleanliness. It also overcomes challenges such as inaccessible data and late
waste unloading through integrated architectural and theoretical models. The authors
suggest future enhancements, including Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and
Geographic Information System (GIS) maps, to improve location tracking and waste
collection efficiency. This study highlights the smart garbage bin mechanism as a
viable solution to modern urban waste management challenges while paving the way
for further advancements.

[8] AIoT‐Based Smart Bin for Real‐Time Monitoring and Management of Solid
Waste

Bano, Ud Din, & Al-Huqail (2020) present an AIoT-based smart bin (SBM) system
 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA
designed for real-time monitoring and efficient solid waste management.
Implemented using the Netlogo platform, simulations were conducted to analyze
loading and unloading processes, with 20 to 25 bins distributed across a smart city. As
waste levels increased, threshold alerts were triggered when bins reached 90%
capacity, prompting automated requests for waste collection. The study recorded
waste levels, monitored bin filling trends, and measured collected waste weight,
providing valuable insights into disposal patterns. Fuzzy logic was applied to optimize
bin placement based on area density, improving decision-making for waste
distribution. The findings also emphasize cost efficiency, as the system reduces labor
and fuel expenses by minimizing unnecessary collection trips. Overall, the AIoT-
based smart bin system enhances waste management responsiveness, ensuring cleaner
and more sustainable urban environments.

[9] A smart waste management solution geared towards citizens. Sensors

Pardini et al. (2020) present a smart waste management system aimed at optimizing
waste collection and promoting citizen engagement through IoT technologies. The
system was tested via a real prototype deployment, demonstrating its practical
effectiveness. Utilizing ultrasonic and environmental sensors, it monitors waste levels
in real time, while an IoT middleware processes data to optimize collection routes. A
web and mobile application enable citizen interaction, fostering community
involvement in waste management. Designed for energy efficiency, the system
operates on a rechargeable battery powered by a photovoltaic panel, ensuring
sustainability. Future improvements include enhanced user interaction and refined
route optimization, alongside further studies on cost-effectiveness. Overall, the system
successfully addresses inefficiencies in traditional waste management, offering a more
sustainable and technologically advanced solution.

[10] Smart waste management and classification system for smart cities using
deep learning

Hasan et al. (2022) present a smart waste management and classification system
integrating deep learning and IoT technologies, with key findings on model training,
performance, and limitations. The study utilized the Keras framework with
TensorFlow, training deep learning models on Google Colaboratory using a Tesla
K80 GPU, where the Initiation-ResNet model completed training in 1.5 hours, while
more complex models required up to 3 hours for 300 epochs. Model validation and
testing were conducted using weights obtained from the training process, followed by

fine-tuning experiments with optimized learning rates for improved performance. The
study demonstrated the efficacy of deep learning algorithms in identifying recyclable
waste, emphasizing the potential for improved accuracy with larger datasets.
However, the prototype had limitations, such as supporting only a few waste types
and relying on two sensors, highlighting areas for future enhancement. Overall, the
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findings showcase the promise of deep learning and IoT in waste management while
identifying key challenges that need further research.

[11] The design and implementation of the smart trash can based on the Internet
of Things.

Wang et al. (2020) present a study on an IoT-based smart trash can, highlighting its
capabilities in automatic garbage classification, overflow detection, and human
interaction. The system efficiently classifies waste into metal and non-metal using an
MSP430F149 microcontroller and various sensors, including metal detection and
infrared sensors. An ultrasonic module detects overflow, triggering a GSM module to
send alerts for timely waste collection, while an infrared human body sensor enables
automatic lid operation for user convenience. The GSM module ensures stable
communication for remote monitoring, enhancing operational efficiency. Despite its
practical significance, the study notes limitations such as low efficiency, resolution
issues, and susceptibility to environmental factors, suggesting the need for further
optimization. Overall, the findings demonstrate the potential of IoT in smart waste
management while identifying key areas for future improvement.

REFFERENCES

Aqilah, R. M., Elfahmi, A. S., Fariza, R., Oktalia, R. D., & Wahyudi, B. T. (2021,
December). Smart Trash Can: Innovation of Automatic Trash Can with Arduino Uno-
Based as an Effort to Support Global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Action.
In International Conference on Science and Engineering (ICSE-UIN-SUKA
2021) (pp. 203-209). Atlantis Press.

Xenya, M. C., D’souza, E., Woelorm, K. O. D., Adjei-Laryea, R. N., & Baah-
Nyarkoh, E. (2020, March). A proposed IoT based smart waste bin management
system with an optimized route: a case study of ghana. In 2020 conference on
information communications technology and society (ICTAS) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.

Huh, J. H., Choi, J. H., & Seo, K. (2021). Smart trash bin model design and future for
smart city. Applied sciences, 11(11), 4810.

Chowdhury, B., & Chowdhury, M. U. (2007, December). RFID-based real-time smart

waste management system. In 2007 Australasian telecommunication networks and
applications conference (pp. 175-180). IEEE.

Kim, T. K. (2020). IoT (Internet of Things)-based smart trash can. Journal of Internet
of Things and Convergence, 6(1), 17-22.

Sosunova, I., & Porras, J. (2022). IoT-enabled smart waste management systems for
smart cities: A systematic review. IEEE Access, 10, 73326-73363.
 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA

Abuga, D., & Raghava, N. S. (2021). Real-time smart garbage bin mechanism for
solid waste management in smart cities. Sustainable Cities and Society, 75, 103347.

Bano, A., Ud Din, I., & Al-Huqail, A. A. (2020). AIoT‐Based Smart Bin for Real‐
Time Monitoring and Management of Solid Waste. Scientific Programming, 2020(1),
6613263.

Pardini, K., Rodrigues, J. J., Diallo, O., Das, A. K., de Albuquerque, V. H. C., &
Kozlov, S. A. (2020). A smart waste management solution geared towards
citizens. Sensors, 20(8), 2380.

Hasan, M. K., Khan, M. A., Issa, G. F., Atta, A., Akram, A. S., & Hassan, M. (2022,
February). Smart waste management and classification system for smart cities using
deep learning. In 2022 International Conference on Business Analytics for
Technology and Security (ICBATS) (pp. 1-7). IEEE.

Wang, Y., Xu, Y., Zhang, B., Zhang, J., & Su, X. (2020, May). The design and
implementation of the smart trash can based on the Internet of Things. In Journal of
Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1550, No. 2, p. 022003). IOP Publishing.

Recommending Approval:
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(Name of Faculty)
Adviser

Approved by:

_______________________ _____________________
Panelist 1 Panelist 2

_______________________
Panelist 3