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6. Which dentist is credited with the discovery of inhalation anesthesia?
a. Horace Hayden
b. Frederick McKay
c. Horace Wells
d. G.V. Black
ANS: C
Horace Wells is credited with the discovery of inhalation anesthesia in 1844. Horace Hayden, along with Chapin Harris, established
the first dental school in the world in Baltimore, Maryland. Frederick McKay discovered that fluoride is connected with the
prevention of dental caries. G.V. Black earned the title of the “Grand Old Man of Dentistry” through his unmatched contributions
to the dental profession.
7. Which of the following is credited with beginning the science of forensic dentistry?
a. Paul Revere
b. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
c. G.V. Black
d. Pierre Fauchard
ANS: A
Paul Revere is credited with beginning the science of forensic dentistry. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovered x-rays in 1895. G.V.
Black standardized dental materials and dental instruments and authored more than 500 dental articles. Pierre Fauchard is
considered the “Father of Modern Dentistry.”
8. What important medical discovery did Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen make in 1895?
a. Inhalation anesthesia
b. X-rays
c. Amalgam
d. Novocaine
ANS: B
X-rays were discovered by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen. Horace Wells is credited with the discovery and first use of nitrous oxide in
1844. Amalgam was first used by the Chinese and then in the West by M. Taveau in 1826. Novocaine was created in Germany in
1905 and was found to be effective when mixed with a proportion of epinephrine.
12. Where is the Dr. Samuel D. Harris National Museum of Dentistry located?
a. New York City
b. Atlanta
c. Baltimore
d. Los Angeles
ANS: C
The Dr. Samuel D. Harris National Museum of Dentistry, the largest and most comprehensive museum of dentistry in the world, is
located on the grounds of the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery in Baltimore, Maryland.
13. Which of the following organizations released Guidelines for Infection Control in Dental Health-Care Settings in 2003?
a. Organization for Safety, Asepsis, and Prevention (OSAP)
b. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
c. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
d. American Dental Association (ADA)
ANS: B
The Guidelines for Infection Control in Dental Health-Care Settings was released by the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention in 2003. In 2016, the CDC released an update, “CDC Summary of Infection Prevention Practices in Dental Settings:
Basic Expectations for Safe Care.” This document introduces checklists to help dental workers follow the guidelines to prevention
infection.
14. Horace H. Hayden and Chapin A. Harris contributed to the advancement of dentistry by
a. being the first African American dental students.
b. discovering x-rays.
c. establishing the first dental school.
d. setting the standard for dental assisting textbooks.
ANS: C
Hayden and Harris established the first dental college in the world, the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, which is now the
University of Maryland, School of Dentistry. African Americans were not accepted at dental schools until 1867, when Harvard
University initiated its first dental class and accepted Robert Tanner Freeman as its first black student. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
discovered x-rays in 1895. Hazel O. Torres and Ann Ehrlich set the standard for dental assisting textbooks in 1976 when they
co-authored Modern Dental Assisting.
15. Hazel Torres and Ann Ehrlich contributed which of the following to dentistry?
a. Discovery of nitrous oxide
b. Discovery of x-rays
c. First African-American dental student
d. Published a dental assisting textbook
ANS: D
Hazel O. Torres and Ann Ehrlich set the standard for dental assisting textbooks in 1976 when they co-authored Modern Dental
Assisting. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovered x-rays in 1895. Horace Wells is credited with the discovery of inhalation
anesthesia using nitrous oxide. African Americans were not accepted at dental schools until 1867, when Harvard University
initiated its first dental class and accepted Robert Tanner Freeman as its first black student.
17. To maintain accreditation status, dental and dental auxiliary schools are required to be reviewed every years.
a. 5
b. 7
c. 9
d. 12
ANS: B
Dental and dental auxiliary schools are reviewed every 7 years. To maintain accreditation status, schools are reviewed every 7
years rather than every 5 years. To maintain ADA accreditation status, schools are reviewed every 7 years rather than every 9
years. To maintain accreditation status, schools are reviewed every 7 years rather than every 12 years.
18. Which one of the following organizations was created by Congress in 1970?
a. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
b. Occupational Safety and Protection (OSAP)
c. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
d. Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
ANS: C
OSHA was created in 1970. It is a federal regulatory agency that is a division of the U.S. Department of Labor. OSHA ensures the
health and safety of America’s workers. It also provides training and outreach education and encourages continual improvement in
workplace safety and health.
19. The report Oral Health in America was released by the in 2000.
a. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
b. White House
c. surgeon general
d. Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
ANS: C
The report Oral Health in America was released by the surgeon general in 2000.
20. Siwak is an example of which of the following type of early oral hygiene aid?
a. Ivory tooth pick
b. Animal-hair bristle brush
c. Tree twig
d. Nylon bristle brush
ANS: C
Siwak, a tree twig containing natural minerals, was recognized as an oral hygiene device by Muhammad in the seventh century.
Wooden sticks, ivory-handled animal-hair bristle brushes, and tree twigs were all early tools used to clean the mouth.
21. History shows a cleft palate repair more than years ago in China.
a. 4200
b. 2200
c. 1200
d. 200
ANS: B
More than 2200 years ago, a cleft palate was repaired on a child in China.
23. Who was one of the first dentists to travel throughout the American colonies?
a. Pierre Fauchard
b. Robert Woofendale
c. Leonardo da Vinci
d. John Baker
ANS: B
Robert Woofendale was one of the first dentists to travel throughout the American colonies. Pierre Fauchard developed dentistry as
an independent profession. Leonardo da Vinci sketched every internal and external structure of the body. John Baker was one of
George Washington’s dentists.
26. Who was the first to describe the anatomical differences between molars and premolars?
a. Pierre Fauchard
b. Claudius Galen
c. Leonardo da Vinci
d. Ambroise Paré
ANS: C
Leonardo da Vinci was the first to sketch internal and external structures of the human anatomy and describe in detail the
differences between molars and premolars. Pierre Fauchard was a physician who willingly shared knowledge at a time when
physicians typically guarded their knowledge and skills. He dispelled the theory that tooth decay was caused by a tooth worm.
Claudius Galen was the first author to mention the nerves in teeth. Ambroise Paré wrote extensively describing tooth extraction
methods and reimplantation of teeth.
27. Who is the barber surgeon known as the “Father of Modern Surgery”?
a. Pierre Fauchard
b. Ambroise Paré
c. G.V. Black
d. Robert Woofendale
ANS: B
Ambroise Paré is the “Father of Modern Surgery.” Pierre Fauchard is referred to as the “Father of Modern Dentistry.” G.V. Black
is the “Grand Old Man of Dentistry.” Robert Woofendale was one of the first colonial dentists.
29. Who was the first woman to graduate from the College of Physicians and Surgeons (now the University of the Pacific Arthur A.
Dugoni School of Dentistry) in 1904?
a. Ida Rollins
b. Faith Sai So Leong
c. Lucy Hobbs-Taylor
d. Geraldine Morrow
ANS: B
Faith Sai So Leong immigrated to the United States in 1894 and graduated from dental school in 1904. She practiced dentistry in
San Francisco. Ida Rollins was the first black woman to earn a formal DDS degree. Lucy Hobbs-Taylor was the first woman to
graduate from a dental college. Geraldine Morrow was the first female president of the ADA.
30. is recognized as the first black woman to earn a formal DDS degree.
a. Geraldine Morrow
b. Lucy Hobbs-Taylor
c. Ida Gray-Rollins
d. Deborah Greenspan
ANS: C
Ida Gray-Rollins was the first black woman to earn a formal DDS degree. Geraldine Morrow was the first female president of the
ADA. Lucy Hobbs-Taylor was the first woman to graduate from a dental college. Deborah Greenspan is recognized worldwide for
her research related to HIV and AIDS.
33. When were cases of what later was identified as acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) first reported?
a. 1950
b. 1970
c. 1980
d. 1990
ANS: C
The first cases of what later was identified as AIDS were reported in 1980.
35. The Journal of the American Dental Association (JADA) published a report of infection control for dental offices in
a. 1968.
b. 1978.
c. 1988.
d. 1998.
ANS: B
The ADA Journal published a report of infection control for dental offices in 1978.
— Niin onkin.
Minä Canth.
— "Ja, ja — det är intit så illa det där. Fortsätt bara", hänellä oli
tapana sanoa.
Hyvänen aika! Minä kun vain pakosta olin laittanut ruokaa tähän
saakka, sekö nyt sitten elinkeinokseen? Ja kannattaisiko se?
Turvaisiko se niin suuren perheen toimeentuloa kuin minulla oli?
Ja hän vei minut vallan toiselle puolen salia, iski silmää ja puhui
kuiskaamalla, vaikka tiesimmekin vallan hyvin, ettei ketään ollut
ovien takana kuuntelemassa.
— Ja ihanko se on valmis?
— Niin, semmoinen hän on. Siellä hän pitää sitä laatikossa lukon
takana ja saat nähdä, että hän sen taas polttaa, niin hän on tehnyt
ennenkin. Monta monituista näytelmää hän on jo sillä tavalla pannut
menemään.
— Emme voi. Etkös luule, että minä olen koettanut. Mutta hän on
itsepäinen kuin synti.
— Minä sen luen muutamassa tunnissa. Ei hän sillä välin ehdi sitä
kaivata.
— Kyllä.
— Otetaanko vastaan?
Mutta eihän sitä ole voinut maa niellä, täytyyhän sen löytyä.
— Et anna? Mitä?
— Ensi viikolla.
— En mitenkään.
— No, olkoon sitten. Mutta kyllä minua pelottaa. Pelottihan
minuakin. Jospa hän olisi aavistanut, kuinka sydämeni sykki pelosta
ja hätääntymisestä. Mutta minä osasin aika hyvin teeskennellä. Hän
ei huomannut minussa mitään vilppiä.
Veljeni ehkä kyllä oli kotona, hän ehkä otti paperit esille, luki,
naurahteli, sanoi ehkä näin: näytelmiäkö se siellä vielä hommailee?
No, kaikkiakin! Jättäköön ne nyt vaan sikseen.
Ah, mikä helpoitus! Mikä suloinen rauhan ja onnen tunne nyt täytti
poveni! Sinä iltana olin niin iloinen ja niin kiitollinen, en tiennyt
mistään murheesta enkä mistään huolesta, kaikki ne olivat
haihtuneet, kaikki oli valoisata, kaikki oli lohdutusta ja rauhaa. Säälin
itseäni, kun turhan takia olin niin suurta tuskaa nähnyt. Mutta olihan
se nyt ohitse, olihan vihko taas onnellisesti huostassani. Ei mitään
hätää enää. Tuntui niin hyvälle sekä sielussa että ruumiissa. Mieleni
oli kepeä ja vapaa, ja läpi väsyneenä pitkällisestä jännityksestä
nukuin kaiken yötä niin erinomaisen makeaa unta, että siitä oikein
nauttimalla nautin. Seuraavaa aamuna oli vihkon jälleensaaminen
ensimäisenä ajatuksissani ja tunsin taaskin sanomatonta rauhaa ja
mielihyvää.
Istuin siinä kuin tulisilla hiilillä enkä tiennyt, miten saisin veljeni
suun tukituksi.
— Siitä meidän pitää ottaa selvä. Vai salassa hän nyt rupeaa
kirjoittelemaan.
— Mästarens snusdosa.
Yleinen hiljaisuus!
Olga ihmetteli.
— En uskaltanut.
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