MNE2109 - Damped and Forced Vibration

1. (a) A loaded platform of a total mass 500kg is 3. A force of "Fo sin 2pft" newton is applied to an
supported by a damper, and a set of springs of undamped vibrating system. The resulting
effective stiffness 72kN/m. It is observed that amplitude is 2.5mm when f has values of 12 and 20
when the platform is depressed a distance hertz. Determine the amplitude when f=16Hz.
x=12.5cm below its equilibrium position and then
released without any initial velocity; it only ans: 20mm
reaches its equilibrium position. Find the position
and the velocity of the loaded platform after 0.1 {This is an undamped forced vibration problem.
second after its release. Study the frequency response curve carefully and
you shall understand the problem. Also try to
ans: x=8.28cm; x=-0.542m/s derive your own amplitude expression in terms of
frequency ratio.}
{Part (a) is mainly to warm yourself up with
critical damping problems. You can go straight to 4. An electric motor weighing 11.4kg is to be
use a critical damping solution to calculate the mounted on four springs. The rotating part of the
velocity and displacement. However, it may be motor weighs 4.6kg and has an eccentricity of
very useful at this point to derive critical damping 0.25mm. Motor speed is 1200rpm. It is estimated
solution from scratch once yourself. When we that the damping ratio is 0.05. Determine the
know the solution for critical damping, we can use necessary spring constant if the force transmitted
the end conditions (i.e. initial velocity and initial to the base is to be no more than 20% of the
displacement) to find the unknowns of the centrifugal force due to the unbalance of the rotor.
solution.}
ans: 7.4N/mm
(b) if an extra load of 400 kg is added to the
platform, find for the system; (i) the frequency of {This is a straightforward problem on
damped vibration; and (ii) the amplitude of transmissibility. Derive the expression once and
vibrations after 2 complete vibrations, given the put the value of TR as 20%. The only unknown is
initial amplitude is 15cm. the frequency ratio, when it is found, we can find
the natural frequency and hence the spring
ans: f=0.949Hz; 1.18x10-5cm stiffness.}

{When an extra load is added, the new critical 5. A mass hangs from a helical spring. The
damping factor of the system is larger than the periodic time of free vibration in a vertical
original damping factor. Therefore, the system direction is 1.25sec. When the mass is at rest the
becomes under damped and the system will upper end of the spring is made to move with an
vibrate. The approach is similar to (a) except the upward displacement of such that y=5 sin 2pt cm,
solution this time is an under damped solution. (t being the time in second measured from the
Again, derive your own under damped solution if beginning of motion). Through what height is the
you have the time and energy.} mass raised in the first 0.4 second? Find also the
amplitude of motion of the mass for steady state
2. Two masses 5kg and 10kg rest upon a smooth vibration.
horizontal table and they are coupled by a spring
of stiffness k=4kN/m; and by a linear damper of ans: 4.83cm, ±8.89cm
resistance directly proportional to the relative
velocity of the two masses. If the period for the {Force vibration question and the full solution (i.e.
damped vibrations of the system is (0.1)0.5 second, transient+steady state solution) is required to find
determine the resistance of damper. the displacement at 0.4 second.}

ans: C=189 Ns/m 6. A machine of mass 600kg is flexible supported

on rubber mountings, which have a stiffness of
{The trick of this question is to express the relative 240N/mm, and a linear damping characteristic.
motion between the two masses as a single The machine gives an existing force of the form
variable} Bw2sinwt (where B is a constant). At very high
rotational speeds, the measured amplitude of

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 MNE2109 - Damped and Forced Vibration

vibration is 0.25mm, the maximum amplitude and linear damping characteristics of damping
recorded as the speed is slowly increased from 0 is ratio z. Determine an expression for the machine
2mm. Determine the value of B and the damping frequency at which the force transmitted to the
ratio. What are the transmissibility ratio and the foundation is a maximum. Find this frequency and
force transmitted to the foundation at engine speed the amplitude of the force in terms of F, k and M
of 30rad/s? when z= 0.25.

ans: B=150 kgmm; z= 0.0625; T r = 0.805; Ft = ans: W = 0.95 k ; F t = 2.28F

108.7N M

{The frequency response graph of forced damped {Differentiate transmissibility with respect to
vibration is the key to the question.} frequency ratio.}
7. A piece of rotating machinery of mass 0.5t is 10. The system shown below consists of a lever
mounted on flexible supports, causing these AB, hinged at A, and a mass of 8kg at B. A spring
supports to deflect by 6mm. The supports exert a CD of stiffness 20kN/m in connected to the lever at
total damping force equal to 15% of the critical C, and a dashpot giving a vertical sinusoidal
(the damping being linear). When the machine is motion of amplitude 1.25mm at a frequency of
running at 500rpm, the amplitude of vibration is 3Hz. Find the amplitude and the phase of the
5mm. Determine the maximum value of the steady motion of mass B and the maximum
disturbing force operating within the machine. dynamic force required at D. AC=0.25m;
CB=0.35m.
ans: 3.19kN

{The solution for forced damped vibration is

required.} D

8. A vertical single-stage air compressor of mass

500kg is mounted on springs of stiffness
k=200N/mm, and linear dampers of damping ratio
z= 0.2. Excitation of the system is caused by
unbalanced reciprocating parts and may be A C
o B
Mr 2w 2
represented by cos 2wt , where M=20kg,
L C = 35 Ns/m

r=100mm, L=250mm and w is the rotational speed

of the compressor. Determine the amplitude of the
vertical motion, the phase angle respect to the
exciting force, the transmissibility, the force
transmitted to the foundation, when (a) compressor ans: 0.0114m; 46.35°, 79.8N
runs at 100rpm (b) compressor at 300rpm.
{Apply SM=Ia. Moment includes moment due to
ans: (a) 1.02mm; 13(-77)°; 2.52; 221N spring force and the damping force. When we
(b) 0.44mm; 81.9(-8.1)°; 0.18; 14.2N have the equation of motion, compare this with a
forced damping equation of motion and you can
{The forced damped vibration solution is needed. obtain the solution easily. The last part requires
some thinking; try analysing the motions of C and
Derive the solution once if you are not familiar
with it. After all, it is painful to remember such the support in terms of a phaser diagram (i.e. the
complex expression. It is actually much easier if rotating vector). The difference between the two
you know how to derive it, it is much more vectors will give you the magnitude of the spring
assuring.} extension. Please note that both C and D are
moving with the same frequency with a phase
difference. The difference in their displacement is
9. A machine of mass M which produces a
harmonic force of constant amplitude F is actually the spring extension/compression.}
mounted on vibration isolators of total stiffness k
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