11th Bio - Botany Biobrainy - Biology Academy Question Bank Answer

D.Purushothaman.,M.Sc.,M.Sc.,M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil.,-PG Asst Biology. Biobrainy -9842044373

11th Bio - Botany Biobrainy - Biology Academy Question Bank Answer

2 Mark questions with answers

Previous Year Public Exam question (From March’2019 – June’2024)

1. Differentiate homoiomerous and heteromerous lichens. (Jul'2024, Jun'2023)

 Homoiomerous lichens have algal cells evenly distributed throughout the thallus, whereas
heteromerous lichens have a distinct upper and lower cortex with a middle layer of algal cells.

2. Mention two characters shared by gymnosperms and angiosperms. (Jul'2024, Mar'2019)

(i) Presence of vascular tissue (xylem and phloem). (ii) Formation of seeds.

3. What is meant by Programmed Cell Death? (Jul'2024, Mar'2023)

Programmed Cell Death (PCD) is a regulated process in which cells undergo self-destruction to
remove unwanted or damaged cells, ensuring proper development and homeostasis.

4. Draw and label the diagram of an open vascular bundle. (Jul'2024, May'2022, Oct'2020)
(Diagram included in the textbook, showing xylem and phloem arrangement in an open vascular
bundle.)

5. Write any two significances of mitosis. (Jul'2024, Oct'2020, Jun'2019)

(i) Helps in growth and development of multicellular organisms.
(ii) Maintains genetic stability by producing identical daughter cells.

6. Find out the floral formula for a bisexual flower with bract, regular, pentamerous, distinct calyx
and corolla, superior ovary without bracteole. (Jul'2024, Sep'2021)
 ⊕ ⚥ K(5) C(5) A5 G(2) (superior).

7. Differentiate between dendrochronology and dendroclimatology. (Mar'2024)

 Dendrochronology is the study of tree rings to determine the age of a tree, whereas
dendroclimatology analyzes tree rings to study past climate conditions.

8. Write any two non-living characters of a virus. (Mar'2024)

(i) Can be crystallized. (ii) Inactive outside the host.

9. Define ‘Synapsis’. (Mar'2024)

 Synapsis is the pairing of homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis, forming a
bivalent.

10. Why is the respiratory quotient zero in succulent plants? (Mar'2024, Jun'2023, Jun'2019)
 In succulent plants like Opuntia, CO₂ is fixed into malic acid during the night, and during the day,
CO₂ is utilized for photosynthesis without being released, resulting in an RQ value of zero.

11. Give the technical terms for the following: (Mar'2024, Jun'2023)
 A sterile stamen - Staminode. (b) Stamens united in one bundle - Monadelphous.

12. What are the parameters that control water potential? (Mar'2024, May'2022, Mar'2020)
(i) Solute potential (ΨS) - Addition of solutes lowers water potential.
(ii) Pressure potential (ΨP) - Increased pressure raises water potential.

D.Purushothaman.,M.Sc.,M.Sc.,M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil.,-PG Asst Biology. Biobrainy -9842044373

11th Bio - Botany Biobrainy - Biology Academy Question Bank Answer

13. What is plectostele? Give an example. (Mar'2023, Mar'2020)

 Plectostele is a type of protostele where the xylem is broken into plates arranged in a parallel
manner. Example: Lycopodium.

14. Differentiate between aggregate fruit and multiple fruit. (Mar'2023)

 Aggregate fruit develops from a single flower with multiple ovaries (e.g., Annona), whereas
multiple fruit develops from a whole inflorescence (e.g., Pineapple).

15. Bring out the significance of the Transmission Electron Microscope. (Mar'2023)
 The Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) provides high-resolution images of ultrastructural
details by passing electron beams through the specimen.

16. Write any two enzymes, their sources, and uses. (Mar'2023)
(i) Amylase - Source: Salivary glands, Use: Starch digestion.
(ii) Lipase - Source: Pancreas, Use: Fat digestion.

17. What are the differences between porous wood and non-porous wood? (Mar'2023)
 Porous wood has large vessels arranged in a distinct growth ring (e.g., Oak), whereas non-porous
wood has uniform vessel distribution (e.g., Magnolia).

18. Why can't higher plants utilize atmospheric nitrogen directly? (Mar'2023)
 Higher plants cannot use atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) because it is inert and needs to be fixed into
ammonia (NH₃) by nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

19. What is monadelphous stamens? Give an example. (Aug'2022)

 Monadelphous stamens are those where filaments of all stamens are united into a single bundle,
while anthers remain free. Example: Hibiscus.

20. Write a note on breathing root. (Aug'2022)

 Breathing roots (pneumatophores) are negatively geotropic roots that grow above soil or water to
absorb oxygen for respiration. Example: Mangrove plants.

21. Differentiate closed vascular bundle from open vascular bundle. (Aug'2022)
 Closed vascular bundle lacks cambium and does not undergo secondary growth (e.g., Monocots),
whereas open vascular bundle has cambium and allows secondary growth (e.g., Dicots).

22. Define bolting. (Aug'2022)

 Bolting is the sudden elongation of the internodes just before flowering, induced by gibberellins in
rosette plants like Radish.

23. What is virion? (May'2022)

 A virion is a complete, infectious virus particle with nucleic acid enclosed in a protein coat
(capsid).

24. List any two primary functions of the stem. (May'2022)

(i) Mechanical support to leaves and reproductive structures.
(ii) Transport of water and nutrients via xylem and phloem.

D.Purushothaman.,M.Sc.,M.Sc.,M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil.,-PG Asst Biology. Biobrainy -9842044373

11th Bio - Botany Biobrainy - Biology Academy Question Bank Answer

25. Name the types of chromosomes classified based on the position of the centromere. (May'2022)
(i) Metacentric, (ii) Submetacentric, (iii) Acrocentric, (iv) Telocentric.

26. What is apical dominance? (May'2022)

 Apical dominance is the inhibition of lateral bud growth by the apical bud, controlled by auxins.

27. What is chiasmata? (Sep'2021)

 Chiasmata are the points of crossing over where exchange of genetic material occurs between
homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

28. What are tyloses? (Sep'2021)

 Tyloses are balloon-like outgrowths of parenchyma cells into the xylem vessels, blocking them to
prevent pathogen entry.

29. What do you know about NPK fertilizers? (Sep'2021)

 NPK fertilizers contain Nitrogen (N) for leaf growth, Phosphorus (P) for root and flower
development, and Potassium (K) for overall plant health.

30. What is vernalization? (Sep'2021)

 Vernalization is the induction of flowering in plants by prolonged exposure to low temperatures.

D.Purushothaman.,M.Sc.,M.Sc.,M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil.,-PG Asst Biology. Biobrainy -9842044373

11th Bio - Botany Biobrainy - Biology Academy Question Bank Answer

3 Mark questions with answers

Previous Year Public Exam question (From March’2019 – June’2024)
1. Draw the floral diagram of Datura metel and write its floral formula. (Jul'2024)
 The floral diagram of Datura metel shows a pentamerous, actinomorphic flower.
 It has a superior ovary.
 The floral formula is ⊕ ⚥ K(5) C(5) A5 G(2).

2. Differentiate between nucleoside and nucleotide. (Jul'2024)

Nucleoside Nucleotide
Consists of a nitrogenous base and a Consists of a nitrogenous base, sugar molecule, and
sugar molecule. phosphate group.
Does not contain a phosphate group. Contains a phosphate group, making it a building
block of DNA and RNA.
Example: Adenosine, Guanosine. Example: ATP, GTP.

3. In which season are the vessels of angiosperms larger in size? Why? (Jul'2024)
 The vessels of angiosperms are larger in size during spring.
 This is due to high water availability in the season.
 It promotes rapid growth and efficient water conduction.

4. Explain the test-tube funnel experiment. (Jul'2024)

 The test-tube funnel experiment demonstrates the release of oxygen during photosynthesis.
 An aquatic plant is placed in a test tube filled with water.
 A funnel is inverted over it, and oxygen bubbles are observed when exposed to sunlight.

5. Explain sclereids with their types. (Jul'2024, Jun'2023)

 Sclereids are thick-walled, lignified plant cells that provide mechanical support.
 Types include Brachysclereids (stone cells) and Macrosclereids (rod-shaped cells).
 Another type is Astrosclereids (star-shaped cells).

6. Write short notes about hydroponics or soilless culture. (Mar'2024)

 Hydroponics is a method of growing plants without soil.
 It uses nutrient-rich solutions for plant growth.
 This method prevents soil-borne diseases and ensures efficient nutrient absorption.

7. Draw and label the parts of regions of a root. (Mar'2024, Jun'2023, May'2022)
 The root has different regions:
 Root cap (protects root tip).
 Meristematic zone (cell division occurs).
 Elongation zone (cells increase in size).
 Maturation zone (differentiation occurs).

8. Differentiate between haplontic and diplontic life cycles. (Mar'2024, Jun'2023, Oct'2020)
Haplontic Life Cycle Diplontic Life Cycle
Dominant haploid phase. Dominant diploid phase.
Zygotic meiosis occurs after fertilization. Gametic meiosis occurs before gamete formation.

D.Purushothaman.,M.Sc.,M.Sc.,M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil.,-PG Asst Biology. Biobrainy -9842044373

11th Bio - Botany Biobrainy - Biology Academy Question Bank Answer

Example: Spirogyra, Chlamydomonas. Example: Angiosperms, Mammals.

9. Write the properties of water. (Mar'2024)

 Water is a universal solvent due to its polar nature.
 It has high specific heat capacity, helping in temperature regulation.
 It exhibits cohesion and adhesion, allowing capillary movement in plants.

10. Write the functions of the nucleus. (Mar'2024, Sep'2021)

 The nucleus controls cellular activities.
 It houses genetic material (DNA).
 It regulates gene expression and protein synthesis.

11. Describe lamp-brush chromosomes with a neat diagram. (Mar'2023)

 Lamp-brush chromosomes are highly extended meiotic chromosomes.
 They are found in oocytes of amphibians.
 They have large lateral loops, aiding in active transcription.

12. Differentiate between racemose and cymose inflorescence. (Aug'2022)

Racemose Inflorescence Cymose Inflorescence
Growth is indeterminate, with younger flowers at Growth is determinate, with older flowers at
the tip. the tip.
Flowers develop in acropetal succession. Flowers develop in basipetal succession.
Example: Mustard, Sunflower. Example: Jasmine, Teak.

13. Write the physiological effects of cytokinins. (Jun'2023, Oct'2020)

 Cytokinins promote cell division and shoot growth.
 They delay leaf senescence and help in breaking seed dormancy.
 They also stimulate lateral bud growth.

5 Mark questions with answers

Previous Year Public Exam question (From March’2019 – June’2024)
1.Explain tap root modifications with a neat diagram. (Jul'2024)
2.Explain the insectivorous mode of nutrition in angiosperms. (Jul'2024, Mar'2020)
3.Tabulate the differences between plant cells and animal cells. (Jul'2024, Mar'2020)
4.Discuss the five kingdom classification. (Jul'2024, Oct'2020)
5.Write the botanical description of Allium cepa. (Mar'2024, Sep'2021)
6.Write the characteristic features of DNA. (Mar'2024, Sep'2021)
7.Explain the Krebs Cycle. (Explanation or Flow Chart) (Mar'2024, Aug'2022)
8.Give a general account on lichens. (Mar'2024, Mar'2020)
9.Describe the floral characters of Clitoria ternatea. (Mar'2023)
10. Write the economic importance of fungi. (Mar'2023)
11. Explain the different types of placentation with examples. (Jun'2023, Mar'2019)

D.Purushothaman.,M.Sc.,M.Sc.,M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil.,-PG Asst Biology. Biobrainy -9842044373

11th Bio - Botany Biobrainy - Biology Academy Question Bank Answer

My Dear,
Teachers and students,
We are thrilled to announce BioBrainy, a revolutionary new learning app designed to make
studying biology easier, smarter, and more engaging than ever before!
With BioBrainy, you'll dive into a world of interactive learning, fun quizzes, in-depth explanations,
and innovative tools tailored for both students and educators.
Whether you're mastering the basics or exploring advanced topics, BioBrainy is your ultimate partner
in biological brilliance!
Coming Soon! Get ready to experience:
✅ Simplified lessons for better understanding.

✅ Simplified study materials for students.

✅ Time-saving resources for teachers.

✅ A platform that makes biology FUN and LEARN!

Stay tuned for updates and prepare to unlock the genius within you.
Together, let's make biology a breeze with BioBrainy!

For Latest Update follow us on

Website : www.biobrainy.in
Facebook: facebook.com/biobrainy Instagram: instagram.com/bio.brainy
YouTube: youtube.com/@biobrainy WhatsApp: wa.me/98420 44373

Telegram: t.me/biobrainy

D.Purushothaman.,M.Sc.,M.Sc.,M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil.,-PG Asst Biology. Biobrainy -9842044373