PRIVATE EDUCATION ASSISTANCE COMMITTEE

ADAPTIVE TEACHING GUIDE

Most Essential Topic # 4: Mean and Variance of Probability Distribution

Lesson # 1: Mean and Variance of Discrete Probability Distribution

Prerequisite Content Knowledge: The learners recall the concepts of mean, variance, & standard deviation of frequency distributions.

The learners find the average of the given data.

Prerequisite Skill:
The learners perform mathematical operations including square and square roots.

Prerequisite Assessment: 3 items short answer questions involving mean, variance, and standard deviation.
2 items multiple choice involving square and square roots. (Online/Offline)

SHORT ANSWER MULTIPLE CHOICE

Answer the following. Read each statement carefully, encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. A student has the following grades in Statistics 87, 85, 90, and 94. Find the 1. Which of the following is the square root of 225?
average grade of the student. a. 5
2. It refers to a measure of how data points differ from the mean. b. 10
3. If the variance of the given data set is 1.69, what is its standard deviation? c. 15
d. 20
Answer Key: 2. Which is the square of 12?
1. 89 a. 24
2. Variance b. 6
3. 1.3 c. 144
d. 48
PRIVATE EDUCATION ASSISTANCE COMMITTEE

Answer Key:
1. c
2. c

Pre–lesson Remediation Activity

For Students with Insufficient Level on Prerequisite Content-knowledge and/or Skill(s) For Students with Fairly Sufficient Level on Prerequisite Content-knowledge and/or Skill(s)
• Hand – out involving the concepts on mean, variance, & standard deviation of Learners explain and demonstrate how to find the mean, variance, and standard deviation of
frequency distributions. frequency distributions.
• Videos on finding the simple average and performing of mathematical operations
including square and square roots.

Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation

Mean
Mean is the average of the numbers, a calculated "central" value of a set of numbers.

Formula:
𝒙𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙𝟑 + … + 𝒙𝒏
̅=
𝒙
𝒏

Where:
𝑥̅ = mean
𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 = population
n = number of occurrences

Illustrative example: Find the mean for the following list of values 13, 18, 13, 14, 13, 16, 14, 21, 13

Solutions:
𝟏𝟑 + 𝟏𝟖 + 𝟏𝟑 + 𝟏𝟒 + 𝟏𝟑 + 𝟏𝟔 + 𝟏𝟒 + 𝟐𝟏 + 𝟏𝟑
̅=
𝒙
𝟗
PRIVATE EDUCATION ASSISTANCE COMMITTEE
𝟏𝟑𝟓
̅=
𝒙
𝟗
̅ = 𝟏𝟓
𝒙

Variance
Variance is the average of the squared differences from the MEAN.

Formula:
∑𝑛
𝑖=1(𝑥−𝑥̅ )
2
s2=
𝑛

where:
s2 = variance
i = starting point
n = number of samples
∑(𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛) = calculation is done recursively until n times

Illustrative example: Find the variance for the following list of values 13, 18, 13, 14, 13, 16, 14, 21, 13 Given a mean of 15.

[(13 − 15) 2 + (18 − 15) 2 + (13 − 15) 2 + (14 − 15) 2 + (13 − 15) 2 + (16 − 15) 2 + (14 − 15) 2 + (21 − 15) 2 + (13 − 15) 2 ]
s2=
9
s2 = 7.11

Standard Deviation
Standard deviation is a quantity calculated to indicate the extent of deviation for a group as a whole.

Formula:
∑𝑛
𝑖=1(𝑥−𝑥̅ )
2
s= √ 𝑛
Illustrative example: Find the variance for the following list of values 13, 18, 13, 14, 13, 16, 14, 21, 13 given a mean of 15.

Solutions:
∑𝑛
𝑖=1(𝑥−𝑥̅ )
2
s= √ 𝑛
s = √7.11
PRIVATE EDUCATION ASSISTANCE COMMITTEE
s = 2.67

For Online Modality

Find the Mean, Variance, & Standard Deviation of Frequency Grouped Data Table| Step-by-Step Tutorial - YouTube
How to Find the Standard Deviation, Variance, Mean, Mode, and Range for any Data Set - YouTube
MDM4U 1-2 E Variance Standard Deviation Grouped Data - YouTube

Introduction
In this lesson the students will know what probability distribution is and how to construct the probability mass function. Students will also know and compute the mean and the variance
of a discrete random variable and be able to interpret the results. And finally, students will learn how to solve problems involving mean and variance of a discrete random variable.
Students learning from this topic can be used in computing for their general weighted average of their grades in Senior High School and be able to know if they are really performing
well in their different subjects. They can also use their learnings in their day to day activity i.e. finding the average of your daily allowance, average of your electric and water bills, etc. The
enabling formative assessment activities (EFAA) will determine their readiness in accomplishing the Performance Task.
Students are expected to finish this learning material in 120 minutes. For questions and other concerns, send message to (XXXX – XXXXXXX) or send an email to
[email protected].
Student’s Experiential Learning
Chunk 1 Formative Question Online Modality Offline Modality
Lesson presentation (Student’s Learning
Lesson presentation (PPT presentation, videos
How will you know if the given probability distribution is Materials/Module) on probability
and/or other platforms) on probability
Probability Distribution a discrete probability distribution? distribution and how to construct
distribution and how to construct probability
probability distribution table given the
distribution table given the data set.
data set.

Motivation:
In rolling a fair die, what is the probability of getting an odd number? even number? getting number 5?

Task 1

List all the possible outcomes when you roll a fair die.
Outcomes Probability
1
2
PRIVATE EDUCATION ASSISTANCE COMMITTEE
3
4
5
6

Task 1

Answer key:

List all the possible outcomes when you roll a fair die.
Outcomes Probability
1 1
6
2 1
6
3 1
6
4 1
6
5 1
6
6 1
6

Review:
What is Probability?
• How likely something is to happen
• Possibility
• Occurrence of a random event
• The value is expressed between zero and one
PRIVATE EDUCATION ASSISTANCE COMMITTEE
Illustrative example
Box A and Box B contains numbers 1, 2, 3, 4. Construct a probability distribution for the sum of the numbers taken at a time from each box with
replacement.

Solutions:
Possible Outcomes
• (1, 1) (2, 1) (3, 1) (4, 1)
• (1, 2) (2, 2) (3, 2) (4, 2)
• (1, 3) (2, 3) (3, 3) (4, 3)
• (1, 4) (2, 4) (3, 4) (4, 4)

Possible Sum:
• 2 3 4 5
• 3 4 5 6
• 4 5 6 7
• 5 6 7 8

Probability Distribution:

x 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
P(x) 1 2 3 4 3 2 1
16 16 16 16 16 16 16

Guide questions:
• How did we construct the probability distribution of the given situation?
• Is there any way around to construct the probability distribution?
• Can you construct the distribution for the sum of the numbers taken at a time from each box without replacement?
• How will you compare the two distributions?

Discrete Probability Distribution

Properties:
• The probability of each value of a discrete random variable is between 0 and 1 inclusive.
• The sum of all the probabilities is 1.
∑ 𝑃(𝑥) = 1
PRIVATE EDUCATION ASSISTANCE COMMITTEE

Task 2
Determine whether the following show a discrete probability distribution or not.
x 1 2 3 4 5
P(x) 0.08 0.25 0.34 0.31 0.04

x 1 2 3 4 5
P(x) 0.03 0.22 1.01 0.23 0.0

x 1 2 3 4 5
P(x) 0.05 0.27 0.34 0.28 0.06

Task 2

Answer key:
Determine whether the following show a discrete probability distribution or not.

x 1 2 3 4 5
P(x) 0.08 0.25 0.34 0.31 0.04

Not a Probability Distribution – the sum of the probabilities is 1.02

x 1 2 3 4 5
P(x) 0.03 0.22 1.01 0.23 0.0

Not a Probability Distribution – P(3) > 1

x 1 2 3 4 5
P(x) 0.05 0.27 0.34 0.28 0.06

Probability Distribution – the two (2) properties are satisfied

PRIVATE EDUCATION ASSISTANCE COMMITTEE

Probability Distribution

• In Statistics, the probability distribution gives the possibility

of each outcome of a random experiment or event. It provides
the probabilities of different possible occurrences.
• It is also called as the probability mass function.

Properties:

• f(x) = P(X = x) ≥ 0 if x Ɛ the Support S

• ∑𝑥Ɛ 𝑆 𝑓(𝑥) = ∑𝑥Ɛ 𝑆 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥) = 1

Illustrative example 1
Suppose a random variable X can only take the four values (0, 1, 2, and 3). If each value has equal probability, then its probability mass function is:

1
4
if x = 0
1
4
if x = 1
1
f(x) = if x = 2
4
1
if x = 3
4
0, otherwise
PRIVATE EDUCATION ASSISTANCE COMMITTEE

Illustrative example 2
Consider the given below:

1
f(x) = 30x2, if x Ɛ {1, 2, 3, 4}

0, otherwise

Show that f(x) is indeed a probability mass function.

Solutions
1
a. f(x) = 30x2 > 0 for x Ɛ {1, 2, 3, 4}
f(x) = 0 for x not element of {1, 2, 3, 4}
hence, f(x) ≥ 0 the nonnegative property is satisfied.

b. ∑𝑥Ɛ 𝑆 𝑓(𝑥) = ∑𝑥Ɛ 𝑆 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥) = 1

= P(X = 1) + P(X = 2) + P(X = 3) + P(X = 4)
1 1 1 1
= 30(1)2 + 30(2)2 + 30(3)2 + 30(4)2
1 1 1 1
= 30(1) + 30(4) + 30(9) + 30(16)
1 4 9 16
= 30 + 30 + 30 + 30
30
=
30
=1

The properties of a probability mass function are all satisfied. Therefore, the function is indeed a probability mass function.

For Online Modality

Constructing a probability distribution for random variable | Khan Academy - YouTube
Statistics & Probability | Probability Distribution of Discrete Random Variable |Tagalog - YouTube
DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION - YouTube
PRIVATE EDUCATION ASSISTANCE COMMITTEE
Chunk 2 Formative Question Online Modality Offline Modality
Lesson presentation (PPT presentation, videos Lesson presentation (Student’s Learning
and/or other platforms) on Material /Module) on
Mean And Variance Of A Discrete How do you get the mean and variance of a discrete a. mean and variance of a discrete random a. mean and variance of a discrete
Random Variable random variable? variable random variable
b. finding the mean and variance of a discrete b. finding the mean and variance of a
random variable discrete random variable
c. problem solving involving mean and c. problem solving involving mean and
variance of a discrete random variable. variance of a discrete random variable.

MEAN OF A DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLE

Mean of a Discrete Random Variable

• The mean of discrete random variables, also known as the expected value, is the weighted average of all possible values of the random
variables. The symbol used for the mean is μ (Mu).

What is the Expected Value of a discrete random variable?

• The expected value of a discrete random variable X, denoted by E(X), is equal to the weighted average of the elements x in the Supports S
where each element is weighted by its respective probability.
E(X) = ∑𝑥 Ɛ 𝑆 𝑥𝑓(𝑥)

or ∑[𝑥𝑃(𝑥)]
Where X = discrete random variable
x = outcome or value of the random variable
P(x) = probability of the outcome x

Hence, μ = ∑[𝑥𝑃(𝑥)]

Illustrative example 1
• A researcher surveyed the households in a small town. The random variable X represents the number of college graduates in the households.
The probability distribution of X is shown below.
• Find the mean or the expected value.

X 0 1 2
PRIVATE EDUCATION ASSISTANCE COMMITTEE
P(x) 0.25 0.50 0.25

Solutions:
Since E(X) = ∑[𝑥𝑃(𝑥)]

x P(x) xP(x)
0 0.25 0.00
1 0.50 0.50
2 0.25 0.50
∑[𝑥𝑃(𝑥)] = 1

Hence, E(X) = 1

Or μ = 1
Therefore, the average number of college graduates in the households of the small town is 1.

Illustrative example 2
• A security guard recorded the number of people entering the bank every hour during one working day. The random variable X represents the
number of people who entered the bank. The probability distribution of X is shown below.
• What is the expected number of people who enters the bank every hour?
x 0 1 2 3 4 5
P(x) 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.40 0.20 0.10

Solutions:
E(X) = ∑[𝑥𝑃(𝑥)]

x P(x) xP(x)
0 0.00 0.00
1 0.10 0.10
2 0.20 0.40
3 0.40 1.20
PRIVATE EDUCATION ASSISTANCE COMMITTEE
4 0.20 0.80
5 0.10 0.50
∑[𝑥𝑃(𝑥)] = 3.00

Hence, E(X) = 3.00

Or μ = 3.00
Therefore, the average number of people entering the bank every hour during that working day is 3.

Task 3

Find the mean or the expected value of each of the following probability distributions

x 0 1 2 3
P(x) 0.15 0.32 0.37 0.16

x 0 1 2 3 4
P(x) 0.08 0.19 0.39 0.27 0.07

x 0 1 2 3 4 5
P(x) 0.123 0.134 0.211 0.321 0.140 0.071

Task 3

Answer key:
Find the mean or the expected value of each of the following probability distributions

x 0 1 2 3
P(x) 0.15 0.32 0.37 0.16
μ = E(X) = 1.54

x 0 1 2 3 4
P(x) 0.08 0.19 0.39 0.27 0.07
PRIVATE EDUCATION ASSISTANCE COMMITTEE
μ = E(X) = 2.06

x 0 1 2 3 4 5
P(x) 0.123 0.134 0.211 0.321 0.140 0.071
μ = E(X) = 2.434

VARIANCE OF A DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLE

Variance of a Discrete Random Variable

• The variance of a discrete random variable X measures the spread, or variability of the distribution.
• The variance of a random variable X is denoted by σ2. It can likewise be written as Var (X).
• The variance of a random variable is expected value of the square of the difference between the assumed value of a random variable and the
mean.
Var (X) = ∑[ (𝑥 − 𝜇)2 P(x)]
Or
σ = (𝑥 − 𝜇)2 P(x)]
2 ∑[

Illustrative example
• Find the variance.

x 0 1 2
P(x) 0.25 0.50 0.25

Solutions:

Step 1: Find the mean or the expected value.

X P(x) xP(x)
0 0.25 0.00
1 0.50 0.50
2 0.25 0.50
∑[𝑥𝑃(𝑥)] = 1.00
Hence, μ = 1.00
PRIVATE EDUCATION ASSISTANCE COMMITTEE

Step 2: Subtract the mean from each outcome

X P(x) xP(x) x-μ
0 0.25 0.00 0 – 1.00 = -1.00
1 0.50 0.50 1 – 1.00 = 0.00
2 0.25 0.50 2 – 1.00 = 1.00
∑[𝑥𝑃(𝑥)] = 1.00

Step 3: Find the square of each difference

x P(x) xP(x) x-μ (x – μ)2
0 0.25 0.00 0 – 1.00 = -1.00 1.00
1 0.50 0.50 1 – 1.00 = 0.00 0.00
2 0.25 0.50 2 – 1.00 = 1.00 1.00
∑[𝑥𝑃(𝑥)] = 1.00

Step 4: Multiply each squared to P(x) or find P(x)[ (x – μ)2]

x P(x) xP(x) x-μ (x – μ)2 P(x) [(x – μ)2]
0 0.25 0.00 0 – 1.00 = 1.00 0.25
-1.00
1 0.50 0.50 1 – 1.00 = 0.00 0.00
0.00
2 0.25 0.50 2 – 1.00 = 1.00 0.25
1.00
∑[𝑥𝑃(𝑥)] =
1.00

Step 5: Find the summation of P(x)[ (x – μ)2]

x P(x) xP(x) x-μ (x – μ)2 P(x) [(x – μ)2]
0 0.25 0.00 0 – 1.00 = 1.00 0.25
-1.00
1 0.50 0.50 1 – 1.00 = 0.00 0.00
0.00
2 0.25 0.50 2 – 1.00 = 1.00 0.25
1.00
PRIVATE EDUCATION ASSISTANCE COMMITTEE
∑[𝑥𝑃(𝑥)] = ∑[ (𝑥 − 𝜇)2 P(x)] =
1.00 0.50

Hence, the variance of a discrete random variable is given by:

σ2 = ∑[ (𝑥 − 𝜇)2 P(x)]
= 0.50

Guide Questions:
1. What does it mean of having a variance of 0.50?
2. Are the data properly distributed?

Task 4
Find the variance in each of the following distributions

x 0 1 2 3
P(x) 0.15 0.32 0.37 0.16

x 0 1 2 3 4
P(x) 0.08 0.19 0.39 0.27 0.07

Task 4

Answer Key:
Find the variance in each of the following distributions

x 0 1 2 3
P(x) 0.15 0.32 0.37 0.16
σ2 = ∑[ (𝑥 − 𝜇)2 P(x)]
= 0.8684
≈ 0.87
PRIVATE EDUCATION ASSISTANCE COMMITTEE

x 0 1 2 3 4
P(x) 0.08 0.19 0.39 0.27 0.07
σ2 = ∑[ (𝑥 − 𝜇)2 P(x)]
= 1.0564
≈ 1.06

STANDARD DEVIATION OF A DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLE

Standard Deviation of a Discrete Random Variable

• The standard deviation of a random variable is a measure of how far from the mean data is on average. The standard deviation is the square
root of the variance σ2 = ∑[ (𝑥 − 𝜇)2 P(x)]

Standard Deviation: σ = √∑[ (𝑥 − 𝜇)2 P(x)]

Illustrative example
Find the standard deviation given the variance below.
Var(X) = σ2 = ∑[ (𝑥 − 𝜇)2 P(x)]
= 1.8475
≈ 1.85

Hence, σ = √1.8475
σ = 1.3592277219
σ ≈ 1.36

Guide question:
1. What does it mean of having a standard deviation of 1.36?
PRIVATE EDUCATION ASSISTANCE COMMITTEE
APPLICATION OF A DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLE

Application of a Discrete Random Variable

Illustrative example
▪ The officers of Grade 11 Batch 2022 decided to conduct a lottery for the benefit of the less privileged students of their alma mater. Two
hundred tickets will be sold. One ticket will win Php5,000 prize and the other tickets will win nothing. If you will buy one ticket, what will be
your expected gain?

Solutions:
Given:
▪ 200 tickets will be sold
1
▪ 1 ticket will win php5,000 or = 0.005
200
199
▪ 199 tickets will win nothing or 200 = 0.995

Required:
▪ Expected gain in the lottery

E(X) = ∑[𝑥𝑃(𝑥)]

Construct the probability distribution.

x P(x) xP(x)
0 0.995 0
5000 0.005 25
∑[𝑥𝑃(𝑥)] = 25

Therefore, the expected gain in the lottery is Php25.00

Guide questions:
1. Do you think this gain is enough for your project?
2. How can you gain more funds using the same lottery? Would you change the ticket prize?
3. What will be the best way to have higher funds?
PRIVATE EDUCATION ASSISTANCE COMMITTEE

For Online Modality

Computing the Mean, Variance and Standard Deviation of a Discrete Probability Distribution Example 2 - YouTube
ILLUSTRATING MEAN AND VARIANCE OF DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLE || SHS STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY Q3 - YouTube
SOLVING PROBLEMS INVOLVING MEAN AND VARIANCE OF PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS || SHS STAT AND PROB Q3 - YouTube
STATISTICS: Mean and Variance of Random Variables in Filipino - YouTube

Synthesis

In this topic, the students were able to understand the probability distribution and mean and variance of a discrete random variable. They also learned how to construct the probability
distribution table. Here, for the students to construct the distribution, there is a need for them to determine first all the possible outcomes of a certain event, with this they can easily
construct the distribution as well as to find the mean and variance of the distribution. They were also able to interpret mean and variance based on the given data and solve problems
involving mean and variance of a discrete random variable. This is for the students to develop their communication and critical thinking skills which are essential in completing their
performance task. The use of technology is also highly encouraged for the students also to develop their technology skills.

RUA of a Student’s Learning

Online Modality Offline Modality
The students are tasked to illustrate the probability distribution/probability mass function, The students are asked to illustrate the probability distribution, construct the probability
compute for the mean and variance of a discrete random variable and solve problems involving distribution table, define and compute for the mean and variance of a discrete random
mean and variance of a discrete random variable. variable and solve problems involving mean and variance of a discrete random variable.
The students are also asked to upload videos containing their reflection on the topic and what The students are also asked to write their reflection on the topic through their journals.
they have understood in the lesson using LMS or other platforms.
Task
A group of SHS students was tasked to study the number of times a student will ask for additional allowance after receiving his/her weekly allowance. The group randomly selected 50 SHS
students from different strands and asked how many times they have asked for additional allowance after receiving their weekly allowance. Three (3) students asked for addirional
allowance zero (0) times, 15 students asked for additional allowance once, 24 students asked for additional allowance twice, 6 students asked for additional allowance three times, and 2
students asked for additional allowance four times. Find the mean or the expected value of the number of times a student will ask for additional allowance after receiving his/her weekly
allowance. Calculate also the variance and standard deviation of the variable as well.

Answer key:
Solutions:
Let the random variable X be the number of times a student will ask for additional allowance after receiving his/her weekly allowance.
PRIVATE EDUCATION ASSISTANCE COMMITTEE
x 0 1 2 3 4
P(x) 3 15 24 6 2
50 50 50 50 50
or
x 0 1 2 3 4
P(x) 0.06 0.30 0.48 0.12 0.04

Step 1: Find the mean

x P(x) xP(x)
0 0.06 0.00
1 0.30 0.30
2 0.48 0.96
3 0.12 0.36
4 0.04 0.16
∑[𝑥𝑃(𝑥)] = 1.78

Hence, μ = E(X) = 1.78

Step 2: Find the variance

x P(x) xP(x) x–μ
0 0.06 0.00 0 – 1.78 = - 1.78
1 0.30 0.30 1 – 1.78 = - 0.78
2 0.48 0.96 2 – 1.78 = 0.22
3 0.12 0.36 3 – 1.78 = 1.22
4 0.04 0.16 4 – 1.78 = 2.22
∑[𝑥𝑃(𝑥)] = 1.78

x P(x) xP(x) x–μ (x – μ)2 P(x)[ (x – μ)2]

0 0.06 0.00 0 – 1.78 = - 1.78 3.1684 0.190104
1 0.30 0.30 1 – 1.78 = - 0.78 0.6084 0.182520
2 0.48 0.96 2 – 1.78 = 0.22 0.0484 0.023232
3 0.12 0.36 3 – 1.78 = 1.22 1.4884 0.178608
4 0.04 0.16 4 – 1.78 = 2.22 4.9284 0.197136
∑[𝑥𝑃(𝑥)] = 1.78 ∑[ (𝑥 − 𝜇)2 P(x)] = 0.7716
PRIVATE EDUCATION ASSISTANCE COMMITTEE

Hence,
σ2 = ∑[ (𝑥 − 𝜇)2 P(x)]
= 0.7716
≈ 0.77

Step 3: Find the standard deviation

σ = √∑[ (𝑥 − 𝜇)2 P(x)]
σ = √0.7716
σ = 0.88

Post – lesson Remediation Activity

Online Modality Offline Modality
The students will be tasked to construct the probability mass function and compute the mean The students will be tasked to construct the probability mass function and compute the
and variance of the given discrete random variable using MS Excel/ other online platforms. mean and variance of the given discrete random variable using worksheets.
Task
A box contains 10 balls. 4 red balls, 3 blue balls, 2 white balls, and 1 green ball. Construct the probability mass function using table with x = {1, 2, 3, & 4} and find the mean, variance, and
standard deviation of the given observations.

Answer key:
Solutions:

x 1 2 3 4
P(x) 1 2 3 4
10 10 10 10

Or
x 1 2 3 4
P(x) 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40

Step 1: Find the mean

x P(x) xP(x)
1 0.10 0.10
PRIVATE EDUCATION ASSISTANCE COMMITTEE
2 0.20 0.40
3 0.30 0.90
4 0.40 1.60
∑[𝑥𝑃(𝑥)] = 3.00
Hence, μ = 3.00

Step 2: Find the variance

x P(x) xP(x) x-μ
1 0.10 0.10 1 – 3.00
2 0.20 0.40 2 – 3.00
3 0.30 0.90 3 – 3.00
4 0.40 1.60 4 – 3.00
∑[𝑥𝑃(𝑥)] = 3.00

x P(x) xP(x) x-μ (x – μ)2

1 0.10 0.10 1 – 3.00 = -2.00 4.00
2 0.20 0.40 2 – 3.00 = -1.00 1.00
3 0.30 0.90 3 – 3.00 = 0.00 0.00
4 0.40 1.60 4 – 3.00 = 1.00 1.00
∑[𝑥𝑃(𝑥)] = 3.00

x P(x) xP(x) x-μ (x – μ)2 P(x) (x – μ)2

1 0.10 0.10 1 – 3.00 = -2.00 4.00 0.40
2 0.20 0.40 2 – 3.00 = -1.00 1.00 0.20
3 0.30 0.90 3 – 3.00 = 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 0.40 1.60 4 – 3.00 = 1.00 1.00 0.40
∑[𝑥𝑃(𝑥)] = 3.00 ∑[ (𝑥 − 𝜇)2 P(x)] =
1.00

Therefore, σ2 = 1.00

Step 3: Find the standard deviation

PRIVATE EDUCATION ASSISTANCE COMMITTEE
σ = √∑[ (𝑥 − 𝜇)2 P(x)]
σ = √1.00
σ=1

Hence, the mean, variance, and standard deviation are 3, 1, and 1 respectively.