Control Systems – GATE batches

CRPQ

1 Mathematical Modeling
Laplace transforms 06. Find the inverse Laplace transform of
01. Find the Laplace transform for the follow- s3
(a) F  s  
ing functions:  s  1 s  2 

Th
(a) f1  t   0, for t  0

is
s 3  5s 2  9 s  7

PD
(b) G  s  
 s  1 s  2 

F
 t 2e at , for t  0

be
lo
ng
(b) f 2  t   0, for t  0 s 2  2s  3
then find f  t 

s
07. If F  s  

to
 s  1
3

Ab
0.4t
e cos12t , for t  0

hi
na
08. Find the inverse Laplace transform of

v
(c) f3  t   0, for t  0

Kr
is
5  s  2

hn
F s  .

a
 
 s  1 s  3

M
2
 sin  4t   , for t  0 s

te
 3

fF
R
3
then find f  t 

0
02. Obtain the Laplace transform defined by 09. If F  s  

(a
s  s  2s  5 

bh
2

g1  t   0,

in
(a) for t  0

av
m
10. Solve the following differential equation

kr
 t 2 sin t , for t  0

is
hn
by using Laplace transform.

a2
A x  3x  6 x  0, x  0   0, x  0   3


02
(b) f t   , for 0  t  to

0@
to

gm
11. Solve the following differential equation

ai
 0, for t  0, t  to

l.c
by using Laplace transform.

om
,8
03. Consider a function f(t) is shown below: x  7 x  3x  0, x  0   3, x  0   0
2 

54
f t 

72
68
1 Transfer function

03
4)
2
a 12. Find the transfer function for a system is
2a described as
t
a
d 3c d 2c dc d 2r dr
1 3
 3 2
 7  5c  2
 4  3r
 dt dt dt dt dt
a2
13. Express the transfer function given below
Then, Lim F  s  is as differential equation.
a0 Y s 2s  1
(a) s (b) 2s G s  
X s s  6s  2
2
1 1
(c) (d)
s 2s C s s
14. If  then find c  t  if
04. Find F  s  if f  t   0, for t  0 and R s  s  4  s  8 
f  t   tet sin 5t , for t  0 input is unit ramp function.
15. Consider a closed – loop control system
3s  5
05. Let X s   be the Laplace shown in the figure.
s  10s  21
2

C s
transform of a function xt  . Then x 0 is   R  s

10
s  s  2
(a) 0 (b) 3
(c) 5 (d) 21 5s

1 Prepared by: BNSS Shankar, M.Tech(IITK) OHM Institute – Hyderabad GATE|ESE|PSUs

Control Systems GATE batches CRPQ - 1
Find Electric circuits – Transfer functions
(a) Loop transfer function Vo  s 
20. Find for the circuit given below.
(b) Forward path transfer function Vin  s 
(c) Actuating error transfer function R
(d) Feedback transfer function 

Th
(e) Closed – loop transfer function 
vin  C vo

is
PD
16. The system shown in the given figure re-

F


be
lates to temperature control of air flow:
Vo  s 

lo
ng
Input Te u Output 21. Find for the circuit given below:

s
 2 Heat Exchanger Vin  s 

to
Tr  TA

Ab
hi
R1

na
v
TS Temperature 

Kr
is
Sensor

hn
vin  R2

a
 L vo
Equation of heat exchanger:

M
te
fF
dT 

R
10 A  TA  u and equation for tempera-

0
V2  s 

(a
dt

bh
22. The transfer function of the circuit
V1  s 

in
dT

av
ture sensor is 2 S  TS  TA

m
dt

kr
shown below is

is
hn
Find the closed – loop transfer function

a2
 

02
 TA  s   100F

0@
10k
  of the system.

gm
V1  s  V2  s 
 Tr  s  

ai
l.c
100F

om
17. Block diagram of a position control is

,8
 

54
shown below:

72
Vo  s 

68
R  s C s 23. Find for the circuit given below.

03
10
 Vin  s 

4)
s  s  1
R L

5
vin 
 C vo
Determine SGT and S HT at   1rad/s
18. The closed – loop transfer function of a 

1  2K Vo  s 
control system is T  s   . Find sen- 24. Find for the circuit given below.
3  4K Vin  s 
sitivity of T  s  with respect to variation in R1 R2

K.
19. A unity negative feedback control system vin  C2
 C1 vo
has forward transfer function,
25K
G  s  . Find the magnitude of 
s  s  5 I2  s 
25. Find with the following data:
sensitivity of system with respect to pa- Vin  s 
rameter variations in K by assuming K = 1 R1  2 , R2  1  and L  2 H and C  1F
and   5 rad/s

2 Prepared by: BNSS Shankar, M.Tech(IITK) OHM Institute – Hyderabad GATE|ESE|PSUs

Control Systems GATE Batches CRPQ - 1
R1 R2 C2
 R4
R1
vin   R3
 L C vo  

 
 vin
vo

Th
Vo  s 

is
 
26. Find for the circuit given below:

PD
Vin  s 

F
be
lo
C2 Vo  s 

ng
30. Find for the circuit given below.

s
Vin  s 

to
Ab
hi
R2

na
C1 R2

v
Kr
R4

is
R1

hn
vin  R1

a
vo R3

M
 


te


fF


R
 

0
vin

(a
vo

bh
Vo  s 

in
av
27. Find for the circuit given below:  
Vin  s 

m
kr
is
hn
1F
Vo  s 

a2
02
31. Find for the circuit given below.

0@
Vin  s 

gm
1

ai
R2 C2

l.c
om
R4

,8


54
vo R1

72
vin   R3

68
 

03


4)
1  
vin
vo
1F
 

Vo  s 
28. Find for the circuit given below. Vo  s 
Vin  s  32. Find for the circuit given below.
Vin  s 
R2
R4 C1 R2 C2
R1 R4
 R3
  R1
  R3
  
vin 
vo 
 
vin
  vo
 
Vo  s 
29. Find for the circuit given below.
Vin  s  Vo  s 
33. Find for the circuit given below.
Vin  s 

3 Prepared by: BNSS Shankar, M.Tech(IITK) OHM Institute – Hyderabad GATE|ESE|PSUs

Control Systems GATE batches CRPQ - 1
C2 T t    t  2 t 
1
C1 R2
R4 J1 J2
R1
 R3 Bearing Bearing
  D1 Torsion
 D2


Th

vin 1  s 

is
vo

PD
38. Find for the system shown.
T1  s 

F
 

be
lo
T1  t  1  t 

ng
s
N1

to
Mechanical systems – Transfer functions

Ab
hi
X s

na
K
34. Find for the translational system

v
F s

Kr
is
J

hn
a
given below. N2

M
2 t  D

te
x t 

fF
R
2  s 

0
(a
39. Find for the system shown below.

bh
f t  T1  s 

in
av
M

m
T1  t  1  t 

kr
is
hn
N1

a2
X2 s J1

02
35. Find for the translational system

0@
K2
F s

gm
D1

ai
J2

l.c
given below. N2

om
x1  t  x2  t  2 t 

,8
D2

54
f t 

72
fv3
40. For the motor, load and torque – speed

68
03
M2
K3
K1 M1 characteristics shown in the figure, find the

4)
K2
m  s 
transfer function .
Va  s 
fv1 fv 2
Ra La  0
 s 
N1  50
36. Find for the rotational system shown. J1
T s va  t  D1  2 Nms/rad
2 kgm 2
T t   t  K 
J2
N 2  150
J D2  36 Nms/rad 18 kgm 2

D Tm  Nm 
2  s  100
37. Find for the rotational system 50 V
T s
m
shown. 150  rad/s 
Block diagram reduction
C  s
41. Find for the system given below.
R s

4 Prepared by: BNSS Shankar, M.Tech(IITK) OHM Institute – Hyderabad GATE|ESE|PSUs

Control Systems GATE Batches CRPQ - 1

R  s C s R1 C1
G1  s     G2  s  G3  s   G1

G2
H1  s 

G3
H2  s

Th
R2 C2

is
 G4

PD
H3  s 

F
be
Find

lo
C s

ng
C1 C1

s
42. Find for the system given below.

to
R s (a) (b)

Ab
R1 R2

hi
R2  0 R1  0

na
v
R s C s C2 C2

Kr


is
 G1  G2 G3 (c) (d)

hn

R1 R2

a
R2  0 R1  0

M
H2 H3

te
46. Obtain the transfer function for the block

fF
R
0
diagram shown in figure.

(a
H1

bh
in
H2
C s

av
m
43. Find for the system given below. R  s

kr
R s C s

is
 

hn
 G1 
G2 G3

a2
02
H2

0@
R s C s

gm
H1
 

ai
  G1 G2 G3

l.c
om
G4

,8
54
H1

72
68
Signal Flow Graphs

03
4)
C s 47. An LTI system is described the following
44. Find for the system given below.
R s equations:
H1
y2  a12 y1  a32 y3

R s
y3  a23 y2  a43 y4
C s

 G1   G2  G3
y4  a24 y2  a34 y3  a44 y4
H2 y5  a25 y2  a45 y4
Draw a signal flow graph and find
H3
y y
(a) 5 (b) 2
y1 y1

45. Consider the block diagram shown in the C s

48. Find for the signal flow graph
figure. R s
shown.

5 Prepared by: BNSS Shankar, M.Tech(IITK) OHM Institute – Hyderabad GATE|ESE|PSUs

Control Systems GATE batches CRPQ - 1

 H1 51. Draw signal flow graph for the block dia-

gram given below and find the overall
G2 G4 G6
1
G8
1
C s
transfer function .
R  s C s
R s
G1
G3 G5 G7
R s

Th
is
H2

PD
F
be
y7 y b0 c0 b1 c1

lo
49. Find and 2

ng
y1 y1

s
 

to


Ab
G6 H6


hi
  C s


na
 1/ s  1/ s P

v
1 G1 y3 G2 y4 G3 y5 G4 G5 1

Kr
y1 y7  

is
y2 y6 y7

hn
a0 a1

a
M
 H1  H 2 H3

te
H4

fF
R
0
52. In the system shown in the given figure, to

(a
bh
H5
eliminate the effect of disturbance D(s) on

in
av
50. Draw signal flow graph for the block dia- C(s), the transfer function Gd  s  should be

m
kr
is
gram given below.

hn
D s

a2
02
G1 N s

0@
Gd  s 

gm
  Y  s

ai
G2

l.c
G3
R  s  

om
  

,8
R  s C s

54
 s5 10
H1  

72
s  10 s  s  5

68
03
4)
Find
Y s Y s s  10 s  s  10 
(a) (b) (a) (b)
R s N N  s  R s 0 10 10
 s  0  
10 10
E  s E  s (c) (d)
(c) (d) s  10 s  s  10 
R s N N  s  R s 0
 s 0  

6 Prepared by: BNSS Shankar, M.Tech(IITK) OHM Institute – Hyderabad GATE|ESE|PSUs

 CRPQ

2 Time Response Analysis

Transient response analysis x t 
01. Find poles and zeros of the following
transfer functions and then draw pole – ze- f t 
M

Th
ro plot.

is
Ns

PD
8
10  s  2 

F
m
(a) G  s  

be
s  s  1 s  3

lo
2
(a) Express settling time of velocity in

ng
s
terms of mass M.

to
10  s  2 

Ab
(b) G  s   (b) Express rise time of velocity in terms

hi
s  s  1 s  10 
2

na
v
of mass M.

Kr
10 s  s  1

is
05. Unit step response of a control system is

hn
(c) G  s  
 s  2   s 2  3s  2 

a
M
shown in the figure. Find transfer function.

te
fF
c t 
10  s  2 

R
0
(d) G  s  

(a
s  s 2  2s  2 

bh
2.0

in
av
m
e 2 s

kr
1.264
(e) G  s  

is
hn
10s  s  1 s  2 

a2
02
0.0244 t  sec 

0@
02. Find time constant, rise time and settling

gm
time for the systems shown below with 06. Consider a control system shown below.

ai
l.c
R  s C s

om
unit step input. b

,8
(a) s 2  as  b

54
72
R  s C s

68
5 Find unit step response for

03
(i) a  9and b  9 (ii) a  2and b  9

4)
s5

(b) (iii) a  0and b  9 (iv) a  6and b  9

R  s 20 C s 07. Consider the following transfer functions.

 s 400
(a) G  s   2
s  12s  400
03. Consider the circuit shown in the figure. 900
(b) G  s   2
Find the expression for voltage across ca- s  90s  900
pacitor. Also find, time constant, rise time 225
(c) G  s   2
and settling time of capacitor voltage. s  30s  225
1 625
 (d) G  s   2
t0 1
s  625
5V F vc
1
2
(e) G  s   2
 2s  s  2
04. Consider the system shown in figure. (i) Find  and n
(ii) Characterize the nature of response.
08. A system has a damping ratio of 0.5, natu-
ral frequency of 100 rad/s and a dc gain of

7 Prepared by: BNSS Shankar, M.Tech(IITK) OHM Institute – Hyderabad GATE|ESE|PSUs

Control Systems GATE Batches CRPQ – 2
unity. Find the response of system to unit across capacitor voltage if C = 1 µF and L
step input. = 1 H.
09. The step response of a unity feedback sys- R L

tem is given by
vi  t  
c  t   1  1.154e3.464t sin  6 t  60   C vc

Th
(a) Find closed – loop transfer function. 

is
PD
(b) Find open – loop transfer function. 15. For the system shown in figure, find K and

F
be
10. Given the closed – loop transfer function, α to yield a settling time of 0.2 sec and

lo
ng
s
100 30% overshoot in the step response.

to
T s  2 . Find

Ab
s  15s  100 R  s C s

hi
K


na
(a) Peak time (b) % Overshoot ss  

v
Kr
is
(c) Settling time for 2% tolerance

hn
a
M
(d) Delay time

te
16. If the system shown in figure (a) is sub-

fF
(e) Rise time

R
0
jected to a unit step input, the response is

(a
11. Pole – plot of a system is shown in the fig-

bh
shown in figure (b). Find the values of K

in
ure.

av
m
and T.

kr
Im

is
R  s C s

hn
× j7 K

a2

s Ts  1

02
0@
Re
3

gm
ai
×  j7

l.c
Fig  a 

om
Find  , n , t p , % M p and t s

,8
54
c t 

72
12. For each pair of second – order system

68
0.254

03
specifications that follow, find the location

4)
1.0
of second order pair of poles.
(a) %Mp = 12% and ts = 0.6 sec
(b) %Mp = 10% and tp = 5 sec
(c) ts = 7 sec and tp = 3 sec 3 t
13. A rotational mechanical system is shown in Fig  b 

the figure. Find J and D to yield 20% over- 17. Determine the validity of a second order
shoot and settling time of 2 sec in position approximation for the following transfer
of the shaft for a step input of torque. As- functions:
sume K = 5 Nm/rad 700
(a) G1  s  
T t   t  K  s  15  s 2  4s  100 
J 700
(b) G2  s  
D
 s  4   s 2  2s  90 
14. If vi(t) is a step voltage in the network Vo  s 
18. (a) Find the transfer function
shown in figure. Find the value of resistor Vi  s 
such that 20% overshoot will be seen

8 Prepared by: BNSS Shankar, M.Tech(IITK) OHM Institute – Hyderabad GATE|ESE|PSUs

Control Systems GATE Batches CRPQ – 2
R1 R  s 25 C s
 1
s  s  1
R2
A

B 
(b) The control system is modified to
vi  t 
R3 vo  t  achieve the following specifications in the
C

Th
step response: %Mp = 25% and ts = 0.2 sec.

is
PD
Then find the values of K1 and K2.

F
be
R  s  C s

lo


ng
K1 25
(b) Find unit step response if R1  R2 and

s
s  s  1

to
 

Ab
1

hi
R3C  .

na
K2 s

v
10

Kr
is
19. For the following transfer functions, check

hn
a
M
whether pole – zero cancellations valid or

te
fF
not.

R
Steady state Error Analysis

0
(a
26.25  s  4 

bh
(a) C1  s   23. Find steady – state error for the system

in
s  s  3.5  s  5  s  6 

av
1
shown in figure. Assume R  s   .

m
kr
26.25  s  4 

is
s

hn
(b) C2  s  

a2
s  s  4.01 s  5  s  6 

02
0@

5

gm
20. Find the unit step response for the system
s 2  7 s  10 C  s   E s

ai
R  s

l.c
shown in figure.

om
R  s  C s 24. Find steady state error for inputs 5u  t  ,

,8
10

54
 s  1

72
2
 s
5tu  t  and 5t 2u  t  to the systems shown in

68
03
4)
figure (a) and figure (b).
21. In the given system, determine the values R  s C s
120  s  2 
of gain K and velocity feedback constant 
 s  3 s  4 
Kh so that the maximum overshoot in the
unit step response is 0.2 and the peak time
Fig  a 
is 1 sec. With these values of K and Kh, ob-
R  s C s
tain the rise time and settling time. Assume 100  s  2  s  6 

that J = 1 kgm2 and B = 1 Nm/rad/s. s  s  3 s  4 
R  s   K 1 C s
  Js  B s
Fig  b 

Kh 25. Find the steady state error for the unity

feedback control system shown in the fig-
22. (a) For the given system, find % overshoot ure with input of 30t 2u  t  .
and settling time in the step response. R  s 20  s  3 s  4  s  8  C  s 

s 2  s  2  s  15 

9 Prepared by: BNSS Shankar, M.Tech(IITK) OHM Institute – Hyderabad GATE|ESE|PSUs

Control Systems GATE Batches CRPQ – 2
26. For each system of figure, evaluate the D s
static error constant and find the expected
R  s   C s
error for the standard step, ramp and para- 1000  s2
bolic inputs.  s4

R  s C s
E s 500  s  2  s  5 


Th
 s  8  s  10  s  12 

is
30. Find the values of K1 and K2 in the system

PD
F
shown in figure, to meet the following

be
lo
Fig  a  specifications:

ng
s
to
C s Steady – state error component due to a
R  s

Ab
E s 500  s  2  s  5 

hi
 unit step disturbance is –0.000012 and

na
s  s  8  s  10  s  12 

v
Steady – state error component due to a

Kr
is
hn
unit ramp input is 0.003.

a
M
Fig  b  D s

te
fF
R
R s E  s  500  s  2  s  5  s  4  s  6  s  7  C s 

0
R s   C s

(a

  s  8  s  10  s  12  K1  s  2   K2

bh
2
s
s s  4

in
 s3

av
m
kr
Fig  c 

is
hn
a2
27. (a) Given the control system shown in fig- 31. For the system shown in figure,

02
0@
ure, what value of K yield a steady state er-
R  s  Ea  s  C s

gm
100
1

ai
t? s  s  10 

l.c
ror of 0.01 for an input of 

om
10

,8
R  s C s

54
K  s  7

72
 1

68
s  s  5  s  8  s  12  s5

03
4)
(a) Find the system type
(b) With the value of K found in part (a), (b) The appropriate error constant associ-
find the value of Kv. ated with the system type
28. The unity feedback control system shown (c) The steady – state error for a unit step
in the figure, is to be designed to meet the input.
following specifications: steady – state er- (d) Find the steady – state actuating signal
ror for unit step input is 0.1, damping ratio for a unit step input and unit ramp in-
of 0.5 and natural frequency of 10 rad/s. put.
Find K, α and β. 32. For each of the systems shown in figure,
R  s C s
find the following:
K s  
 C s
R  s  Ea  s  10  s  10 
s    2

 s  s  2

29. Evaluate the steady- state error component

due to a step disturbance for the system s4
shown in figure.
System-I

10 Prepared by: BNSS Shankar, M.Tech(IITK) OHM Institute – Hyderabad GATE|ESE|PSUs

Control Systems GATE Batches CRPQ – 2

R  s  Ea  s  10  s  10  C s 1 1
(a) (b) 
s  s  2 11 110

1.9 1
(c) (d)
12 110
s 1
34. The system shown in the figure is to have

Th
System-II the following specifications:

is
PD
(a) System type K v  10 and   0.5

F
be
(b) The appropriate static error constant Find the values of K1 and Kf required for

lo
ng
s
(c) The input waveform to yield a constant the specifications of the system to be met.

to
Ab
error. R  s   C s

hi
10

na
K1
(d) The steady – state error for a unit input s  s  1

v
 

Kr
is
of the waveform found in part (c)

hn
a
Kfs
(e) The steady – state value of the actuat-

M
te
fF
ing signal.

R
0
35. Find the sensitivity of the steady – state

(a
33. For the system shown in figure, given that

bh
in
K1 = 100 and K2 = 0.1. Assume unit step error to changes in parameter K and pa-

av
m
rameter a for the system shown in figure

kr
functions for input and disturbances. The

is
hn
steady state error is given by with a unit step input.

a2
02
D s R  s C s

0@
K

 s  a  s  b 

gm
R  s 

ai

K2 C  s 

l.c


om
K1
 s2

,8
54
72
s 1

68
03
4)

11 Prepared by: BNSS Shankar, M.Tech(IITK) OHM Institute – Hyderabad GATE|ESE|PSUs

 CRPQ

3 Stability and Root Locus

Stability R  s K C s

01. Consider a system with characteristic equa- s  s  7  s  11
tion q  s   s 4  8s 3  18s 2  16 s  5  0 .

Th
is
Find stability using

PD
08. Forward transfer function of a unity nega-

F
(a) Hurwitz criterion and

be
tive feedback control system is

lo
(b) Routh’s table

ng
K
G s 

s
.

to
02. Consider the following characteristic equa- s  s  s  1  s  4 
2

Ab
tion: q  s   3s 4  10s 3  5s 2  5s  2  0 .

hi
na
(a) Find the range of K for the system to

v
Kr
Find stability using Routh’s table.

is
be stable.

hn
a
03. Find the stability of the following system: (b) Find the condition for the system to

M
te
R s C s

fF
10 have oscillations and also the frequen-

R
0
5 4 3 2
s  2s  3s  6 s  5s  3

(a
cy of oscillations.

bh
in
09. A unity negative feedback control system

av
04. Find the stability of the following system:

m
kr
R  s C s has an open loop transfer function consist-

is
10

hn
ing of two poles and two zeros and a varia-

a2
5 4 3 2
s  7 s  6s  42 s  8s  56

02
ble gain K. The zeros are located at s  2

0@
05. Find the stability of a control system with

gm
and s  1 , poles are located at s  0.1

ai
closed – loop transfer function

l.c
and s  1 . Using Routh’s stability criteri-

om
20

,8
T s  , Where on, find the range of K for which closed –

54
D s

72
loop system has 0, 1 or 2 poles in the right

68
D  s   s 8  s 7  12 s 6  22 s 5  39 s 4  59 s 3

03
half of s – plane.

4)
48s 2  38s  20 10. The characteristic equation of a system in
Find the distribution of poles in the s – differential equation form is
plane x   K  2  x   2 K  5  x  0

06. For the system shown in figure, find the (a) Find the values of K for which the system
number of poles in LHP, RHP and on jω is
axis. (i) Stable (ii) limitedly stable
R  s C s (iii) Unstable

 G s
(b) For the stable case for what values of K is
the system
Where, (i) critically damped
128 (ii) under damped (iii) over damped
G s 
s  s 7  3s 6  10 s5  24s 4  48s 3  96 s 2  128s  192  11. Consider a third order system with charac-
07. Find the range of K for the given system to teristic equation s 3  7 s 2  25s  39  0 .
be (i) stable (ii) unstable (iii) marginally Check if all the roots of this equation have
stable. real parts more negative than – 1.

12 Prepared by: BNSS Shankar, M.Tech(IITK) OHM Institute – Hyderabad GATE|ESE|PSUs

Control Systems GATE Batches CRPQ – 3
12. The block diagram shown in the figure is
15. Given F  s  
 s  2  s  4  then find
representative of wheel chair velocity con- s  s  3 s  6 
trol initiated by head nod of a paralyzed
F  s  at test point s  7  j 9 using
patient. Of course, for the wheel chair to
move from one position in X – Y plane to (i) Calculator (ii) Vectors
16. Consider a block diagram representation of

Th
another, an outer position control loop

is
a tracking system is shown in the figure.

PD
would be needed, which is not considered

F
Find the closed-loop poles of the system

be
here.

lo
for different values of K   K1 K 2  and

ng
Head nod Wheel chair

s
to
sensed dynamics
comment on the results.

Ab
R  s K1 K3 C s

hi
 K2 C s

na
1  T1s 1  T2 s 1  T3 s  R  s K2

v
Kr
 K1
s  s  10 

is
Amplifier

hn
a
M
te
(a) Determine the limiting value of for-

fF
R
0
ward gain K (  K1 K 2 K3 ) for the sys- 17. Consider a control system shown in the

(a
bh
figure. Determine whether the following

in
tem to be stable if T1  0.2 sec,

av
m
points located on root locus diagram or not.

kr
T2  1sec and T3  0.4sec

is
hn
If yes, find the corresponding gain K.

a2
(b) Calculate the gain K for the system to R  s C s

02
K  s  3 s  4 

0@
be stable with a settling time of 4 sec 
 s  1 s  2 

gm
ai
based on dominant poles.

l.c
om
(c) With K as in part (b), find all the roots

,8
54
of characteristic equation. 1

72
(a) s  2  j 3 (b) s  2  j

68
13. Consider a control system is shown in the 2

03
4)
figure. 18. The forward path transfer function of a
R  s  K C s unity feedback control system is
  2
s s  5s  9  G  s 
K  s  2
. Determine whether
s  4s  13
2

e  sTd the point s   3  j 0  is located on the

root locus or not. If yes, find the gain K us-
Determine the range of K for which the
ing length of vector.
system is stable when
19. Consider a feedback system with charac-
(a) dead time Td = 0
1
(b) dead time Td = 1 sec using teristic equation 1  K  0.
s  s  1 s  2 
(i) Taylor’s series approximation.
(ii) First – order Pade’s approximation. Draw root locus diagram.
Root Locus 20. For the root locus diagram shown in the
s 1 figure, find the break points with and
14. Given F  s   then find F  s  at without differentiation. Also find corre-
s  s  2
sponding gain.
the test point s  3  j 4

13 Prepared by: BNSS Shankar, M.Tech(IITK) OHM Institute – Hyderabad GATE|ESE|PSUs

Control Systems GATE Batches CRPQ – 3
Im 25. A feedback control system with open-loop
transfer function
K
KG  s  H  s  
× × s  s  3  s 2  2 s  2 
2 1 3 5 Re
Draw root locus diagram with all necessary

Th
calculations.

is
PD
26. Draw root locus diagram for the system

F
21. Find the angle of departure at complex

be
shown in figure with all necessary calcula-

lo
pole on root locus for the system shown in

ng
s
tions.

to
the figure.

Ab
R  s K  s  1 s  2  C s

hi
R  s K  s  2 C s

na

 s  0.1 s  1

v

 s  3  s 2  2s  2 

Kr
is
hn
a
M
te
fF
27. Sketch the root locus diagram for the sys-

R
22. Draw root locus for the system shown in

0
(a
tem shown in the figure.

bh
the figure and find the following:

in
R  s C s

av
(a) The frequency and gain at which the K  s  1

m


kr
2
 s  3.6 

is
root locus crosses imaginary axis. s

hn
a2
(b) The range of K for the closed loop sys-

02
0@
tem to be stable.

gm
28. Draw root locus for the system shown in

ai
R  s K  s  3 C s

l.c
om
 figure for the variations in p1.
s  s  1 s  2  s  4 

,8
R  s C s

54
10

72

 s  2  s  p1 

68
03
4)
23. Given a unity feedback control system with
K  s  2
G s  . Do the following: 29. Sketch the root locus for variations in the
s 2
 4 s  13
value of p1, for a unity feedback system
(a) Sketch the root locus diagram. that has the following forward transfer
(b) Find the imaginary axis crossing and function:
corresponding K. 100
G s 
(c) Find break away/in point s  s  p1 
(d) Find the angle of departure at complex
30. Characteristic equation of a control system
poles.
is s 2  as  K  0 . Draw root contours as K
(e) Gain at break point
and a are varying.
24. A feedback control system with open-loop
31. Draw root locus for the positive feedback
transfer function
control system shown in the figure.
K
KG  s  H  s   R  s C s
s  s  4   s 2  4s  20  
K  s  3
s  s  1 s  2  s  4 
Draw root locus diagram with all necessary
calculations.

14 Prepared by: BNSS Shankar, M.Tech(IITK) OHM Institute – Hyderabad GATE|ESE|PSUs

Control Systems GATE Batches CRPQ – 3
32. Draw root locus for the positive feedback calculate in the pole location for 10%
control system shown in the figure. change in K.
R  s K  s  4 C s R  s K C s
 
 s  1 s  2  s  3 s  s  10 

Th
is
PD
33. Find the root sensitivity of the system in

F
be
figure at s  9.47 and s  5  j 5 . Also

lo
ng
s
to
Ab
hi
na
v
Kr
is
hn
a
M
te
fF
R
0
(a
bh
in
av
m
kr
is
hn
a2
02
0@
gm
ai
l.c
om
,8
54
72
68
03
4)

15 Prepared by: BNSS Shankar, M.Tech(IITK) OHM Institute – Hyderabad GATE|ESE|PSUs

 CRPQ

4 Frequency Response Analysis

Frequency response (a) 8.84 (b) 11.08
01. The transfer function of a network is given (c) 78.13 (d) 122.87
1 06. Consider the control system shown in fig-
s

Th
T1 ure.

is
by G  s   . Determine the condi-

PD
1 R  s C s

F
s K

be
T2 
s  s  p

lo
ng
s
tion for the network to behave a lead and

to
Ab
lag network.

hi
na
(a) Find the value of K and p to satisfy the
02. The transfer function of a system is

v
Kr
following frequency domain specifica-

is
Y s

hn
s
 . The steady state output is

a
tions:
R s

M
s2

te
M r  1.04 and r  11.55 rad/s

fF
R
y  t   A cos  2t    for the input

0
(b) For the K and p determined in part (a),

(a
bh
2cos  2t  . Find the values of A and ϕ.

in
calculate settling time and bandwidth.

av
m
07. A closed-loop control system has the fol-

kr
03. A system with transfer function

is
hn
lowing specifications:

a2
1
G  s  , a  0 is subjected to

02
Peak time = 2 sec and settling time = 4
 s  1 s  a 

0@
gm
sec.
an input 5cos 3t. The steady state output of

ai
l.c
Find the bandwidth.

om
1
cos  3t  1.892  . Find

,8
the system is 08. Draw polar plots for the following transfer

54
10

72
functions.

68
the value of a.

03
1
(i) G  s  

4)
04. The transient response of a second order 1  Ts
system when subjected to unit step input is 1
found to have a peak overshoot of 16.2% (ii) G  s  
1  T1s 1  T2 s 

occurring at t  sec. If the system is 1
5 3 (iii) G  s  
s 1  Ts 
subjected to a sinusoidal input of 1 V, find
1
(a) Frequency at which amplitude of (iv) G  s  
s 1  T1s 1  T2 s 
steady state response have maximum
1
value. (v) G s 
(b) The maximum value of steady state 1  T1s 1  T2 s 1  T3 s 
output. 1
(vi) G  s  
05. A stable real linear time-invariant system s 1  T1 s 1  T2 s 
2

with single pole at p, has a transfer function 1

(vii) G  s  
2
s  100 s 1  T1s 1  T2 s 1  T3 s 
2

H s  with a dc gain of 5. The

s p 09. Draw polar plots for the following transfer
smallest positive frequency, in rad/s, at uni- functions:
ty gain is closest to:

16 Prepared by: BNSS Shankar, M.Tech(IITK) OHM Institute – Hyderabad GATE|ESE|PSUs

Control Systems GATE Batches CRPQ – 4
s 1 17. Consider a feedback system with open-
(i) G s H s 
s  s  2  s  3 
2
loop transfer function is given by
 s  2  s  3 4s  1
G s H s  2
(ii) G  s H  s  s  s  1 2 s  1
s 2  s  1
Find the stability using Nyquist criterion.
10. Draw polar plots for the following transfer

Th
18. Consider a feedback system with open-

is
functions.

PD
loop transfer function is given by
s 1

F
(i) G  s  H  s   3

be
K  s  2

lo
s G  s H  s 

ng
s 2  s  4

s
 s  1 s  2 

to
G s H s

Ab
(ii) 
Find the stability using Nyquist criterion.

hi
s3

na
v
 s  1 s  2  s  2  19. Consider a feedback system with open-

Kr
(iii) G  s  H  s  

is
hn
s3 loop transfer function is given by

a
M
K
1 G s H s 

te
11. Draw polar plot for G  s  

fF
s  s  1 s s s4  

R
2

0
(a
bh
12. Obtain the polar plot for the transfer func- Find the condition for closed-loop system

in
av
m
e  jT to be stable using Nyquist criterion.

kr
tion G  j  

is
1  jT 20. Consider a feedback system with open-

hn
a2
02
loop transfer function is given by

0@
K

gm
Nyquist stability G s H s 
s  s  3  s  5 

ai
l.c
13. Consider a feedback system with open-

om
,8
loop transfer function is given by Find the condition for closed-loop system

54
72
K to be stable, unstable, and marginally sta-
G s H s 

68
T1s  1T2 s  1

03
ble using Nyquist criterion. In the margin-

4)
Find the stability using Nyquist criterion. ally stable condition, find the frequency of
14. Consider a feedback system with open- oscillation.
loop transfer function is given by 21. Consider a feedback system with open-
s2 loop transfer function is given by
G s H s 
 s  1 s  1 K T2 s  1
G s H s 
Find the stability using Nyquist criterion. s 2 T1s  1
15. Consider a feedback system with open- Find the stability using Nyquist criterion
loop transfer function is given by for (i) T2  T1 and (ii) T2  T1
500 22. Consider a feedback system with open-
G s H s 
 s  1 s  3  s  10  loop transfer function is given by
Find the stability using Nyquist criterion. K
G s H s  2
16. Consider a feedback system with open- s Ts  1
loop transfer function is given by Find the condition for closed-loop system
K to be stable using Nyquist criterion.
G s H s 
s Ts  1
Find the stability using Nyquist criterion.

17 Prepared by: BNSS Shankar, M.Tech(IITK) OHM Institute – Hyderabad GATE|ESE|PSUs

Control Systems GATE Batches CRPQ – 4
23. The Nyquist plot of a system is shown in 26. Find phase crossover frequency and gain
the figure for a particular value of gain of margin for the system with open-loop
the open-loop system. transfer function
Im K
G s H s 
 s  2  s  4  s  6 

Th
Assume K = 100.

is
PD
27. Consider a unity feedback control system

F
be
whose open-loop transfer function is

lo
ng
Re
Ke 0.8 s

s
1 P
G s 

to
Ab
s 1

hi
na
(a) Find gain margin and phase margin by as-

v
Kr
is
suming K = 1.5

hn
a
(b) Using Nyquist stability criterion, find the

M
(i) The open-loop system has no right-hand

te
fF
side s – plane poles. Is the closed-loop sys- critical value of K.

R
0
(a
tem (unity feedback) stable? If the answer 28. In the feedback system shown below, find

bh
in
the value of K for which the gain margin of

av
is no, determine the number of right-hand

m
the loop is 0 dB and phase margin of the

kr
s – plane zeros of the characteristic equa-

is
hn
loop is 0°.

a2
tion.

02
R  s C s

0@
(ii) The system gain is now adjusted such that 1
 K

gm
the point  1  j 0 lies at point P. Note  s  1 s  2  s  3

ai
l.c
om
that this would correspond to a new scale

,8
54
for the same figure. Determine once again

72
29. Consider a unity feedback control system

68
the stability of the system. In the process

03
with open-loop transfer function

4)
has the gain been increased or decreased. as  1
Phase margin and Gain margin G s  2 .
s
24. Consider a unity feedback system having Determine the value of a so that the phase
K
G s  . Find gain margin is 45°.
s  0.2 s  1 0.05 s  1
30. The block diagram of a control system is
margin and phase margin for K = 1. shown in the figure below.
25. The following figure shows a block dia- R s 10 C s
gram of a space vehicle control system.  K  s  2 
s 2  s  3
Determine the gain K such that the phase
margin is 50°. What is the gain margin in
this case?
C s
Find the phase crossover frequency.
R  s  1
K  s  2 31. A unity feedback system has an open-loop
 s2
10000
transfer function G  s   2 , de-
G s s  s  10 
termine the phase margin of the system.

18 Prepared by: BNSS Shankar, M.Tech(IITK) OHM Institute – Hyderabad GATE|ESE|PSUs

Control Systems GATE Batches CRPQ – 4
32. Find the phase margin in damping ratio for M  dB 
the following system.
40 40dB/dec
R  s C s
n2

s  s  2n  10 20
0.1 2   rad/s 

Th
is
Bode plots

PD
F
33. Draw Bode plot for the system shown in

be
lo
the figure for K = 1. Also find gain crosso-

ng
60dB/dec

s
to
ver frequency.

Ab
C s
38. Find the transfer function of the Bode plot
R  s

hi
K  s  3

na
 shown in the figure.

v
s  s  1 s  2 

Kr
M  dB 

is
hn
a
20 dB/dec

M
te
fF
40dB/dec

R
0
34. The open-loop transfer function of a unity 40

(a
bh
in
feedback control system is 40

av
m
2 2.5
Ks   rad/s 

kr
G s 

is
.

hn
1  0.2s 1  0.02s 

a2
02
60dB/dec

0@
Using log – magnitude plot, find K value

gm
for gain crossover frequency of 5 rad/s.

ai
l.c
om
35. Draw Bode plot for a system whose open- 39. Find the transfer function of the Bode plot

,8
loop transfer function is

54
shown in the figure.

72
10  s  5 

68
2
M  dB 
G s H s 

03
4)
s  s  2  s  10  2.5 10 25
  rad/s 
36. Find the transfer function of the Bode plot
shown in the figure. 12
M  dB  20dB/dec
20 dB/dec
20 dB/dec
40 40. Find the transfer function of the Bode plot
shown in the figure.
40 dB/dec M  dB 

32
10 250   rad/s 
6 db/oct
37. Find the transfer function of the Bode plot 6 db/oct

shown in the figure. 12 db/oct

0.5 1 5   rad/s 
41. Find the transfer function of the Bode plot
shown in the figure.

19 Prepared by: BNSS Shankar, M.Tech(IITK) OHM Institute – Hyderabad GATE|ESE|PSUs

Control Systems GATE Batches CRPQ – 4
M  dB  45. Draw log – magnitude plot of Z  s  for the
20 dB/dec 20 dB/dec
following circuit branches.

40 dB/dec

20 dB/dec

Th
is
PD
Z s Z s
2 4 8 24 36   rad/s 

F
(i) (ii)

be
lo
42. Find the transfer function of the Bode plot

ng
46. Find gain margin and phase margin from

s
to
shown in the figure. the Bode plot shown in the figure.

Ab
M  dB 

hi
M  dB 

na
v
20 dB/dec

Kr
is
20
  rad/s 

hn
1 20 40

a
M
te
fF
  rad/s 

R
0
0

(a
9

bh
20 dB/dec 8

in
av
m
kr
43. Find the transfer function of the Bode plot

is
hn
a2
shown in the figure.

02
0@
M  dB    deg 

gm
20 dB/dec

ai
  rad/s 

l.c
om
36 40 dB/dec 0

,8
1.4 2.2

54
72
2 3 90

68
03
1 4   rad/s 

4)
159
12 180
21
20 dB/dec
40 dB/dec 47. Find gain margin and phase margin from
44. Find the transfer function of the Bode plot the Bode plot shown in the figure.
shown in the figure.
M  dB 
40 dB/dec

18 60 dB/dec

5 10
1   rad/s 

4 dB
40 dB/dec

80dB/dec

20 Prepared by: BNSS Shankar, M.Tech(IITK) OHM Institute – Hyderabad GATE|ESE|PSUs

Control Systems GATE Batches CRPQ – 4
M  dB 

40

12
  rad/s 
0

Th
is
PD
F
be
lo
ng
s
to
  deg 

Ab
hi
na
  rad/s 

v
Kr
0

is
2.2 4.1

hn
a
M
90

te
fF
R
0
(a
180

bh
210

in
av
m
kr
is
hn
a2
02
0@
gm
ai
l.c
om
,8
54
72
68
03
4)

21 Prepared by: BNSS Shankar, M.Tech(IITK) OHM Institute – Hyderabad GATE|ESE|PSUs

 CRPQ
Compensators & Controllers
5
Compensators (c) a lag-lead compensator that provides
01. The transfer function of a compensator is an amplification of 20 dB and a phase
1  0.5 s lag of 45º at the frequency of 3 rad/s
given by Gc  s   . Find maxi-

Th
1  0.05s

is
(d) a lag-lead compensator that provides

PD
mum phase lead/lag contributed by the

F
an attenuation of 20 dB and phase lead

be
compensator.

lo
of 45º at the frequency of 3 rad/s

ng
s
02. For the network shown in the figure below,

to
04. Consider the system shown in the figure.

Ab
the frequency (in rad/s) at which the maxi-

hi
Design a suitable compensator to meet the

na
mum phase lag occurs is _________

v
following specifications:

Kr
is
9

hn
Damping ratio = 0.7

a
M
Settling time = 1.4 s (for 5% tolerance)

te
1

fF
Vin Vout

R
K v  2 sec 1

0
(a
1F

bh
R  s C s

in
K
Gc  s 

av

s  s  1

m
900

kr
03. The system is to be such that

is
compensator
s  s  1 s  9 
plant

hn
a2
02
its gain cross-over frequency becomes same

0@
05. The block diagram of a control system is

gm
as its uncompensated phase cross-over fre-

ai
shown in the figure.

l.c
quency and provides a 45º phase margin.

om
R  s C s

,8
To achieve this, one may use  Gc  s  4500

54
s  s  361

72
(a) a lag compensator that provides an at-

68
compensator plant

03
tenuation of 20 dB and a phase lag of

4)
45º at the frequency of 3 3 rad/s
(a) If Gc  s  is a proportional controller with
(b) a lead compensator that provides an
K p  184 then find the percentage over-
amplification of 20 dB and a phase
lead of 45º at the frequency of 3 rad/s shoot in unit step response.
(b) It is required to get critical damping in the
unit step response and a very small error in
unit ramp input of 0.04%

22 Prepared by: BNSS Shankar, M.Tech(IITK) OHM Institute – Hyderabad GATE|ESE|PSUs

 CRPQ

6 State Space Analysis

State space modeling 0 1 0 
A  , B    and C  1 0 .
01. Develop state space model for the circuit  2 3 1 
shown in figure. Select voltage across re- Find the system poles.

Th
sistor as output variable.

is
07. Find the inverse of matrix

PD
R L

F
1 1 3

be
 3 3

lo
A1

ng
iL 

s
to

vin  C vc
 2 4 4 

Ab


hi
na
08. Find the transfer function for the state

v
Kr
space model given below:

is
02. Develop state space model for the circuit

hn
a
shown in figure. Select current through re- 0 1 0 10 

M
  0 0 1 X 0 U
 

te
fF
sistor as output variable. X    

R
0
L
 1 2 3  0 

(a
bh
in
Y  1 0 0 X

av
m
vin 

kr
 C R

is
Transfer function to state space model

hn
a2
09. Develop phase variable form of state space

02
0@
03. Develop state space model for the transla- model for the following two systems.

gm
ai
tional system shown in the figure. Select (a) System – I:

l.c
om
displacement y  t  as output variable. R  s C s

,8
24

54
3 2

72
y t  s  9 s  26 s  24

68
03
K (b) System – II:

4)
f t  R  s C s
M s 2  7s  2
3 2
s  9 s  26 s  24
B
10. Consider a system shown in the figure.
State space to transfer function
R  s C s
Y s 24
04. Find the transfer function for the s 3  9 s 2  26 s  24
F s
(a) Develop cascade form of sate space model
state space model developed in Q03.
(b) Develop parallel form of sate space model
05. Find the transfer function for the state
11. The transfer function of a control system is
space model given below:
C s s3
 x1   4 1.5  x1   2   . Develop a state
 x    4  u  t  and R s  s  1  s  2 
2

 2  0   x2   0 
space model in parallel form.
x 
y  1.5 0.625  1  12. Consider a system shown in the figure.
 x2 
R  s C s
s2  7s  2
06. For a dynamic system, various matrices
s 3  9s 2  26s  24
for a state space model are given by

23 Prepared by: BNSS Shankar, M.Tech(IITK) OHM Institute – Hyderabad GATE|ESE|PSUs

Control Systems GATE Batches CRPQ – 6
(a) Develop controller canonical form of sate 18. Find the state transition matrix for the state
space model space model given below.
(b) Develop observer canonical form of sate  x1  1 0   x1  1
space model  x   1 1   x   1 u
 2   2  
13. Represent the feedback control system
19. Find the state transition matrix and find

Th
shown in the figure in state space model.
the solution x  t  for the system given be-

is
PD
Use cascade form to model the forward

F
low.

be
transfer function.

lo
 x1   0 1   x1  0 

ng
R  s E s 100  s  5  C s

s
 x    8 6   x   1  u and

to

 s  2  s  3  2   2  

Ab
hi
na
1 

v
x  0   

Kr
is
0 

hn
14. Obtain state space model for the control

a
M
system shown in figure. 20. A state space model is given below.

te
fF
 x1   0 1   x1   0 

R
Controller Plant

0
R  s  x    2 3  x   1  u

(a
1 10 C s

bh
  2   2  

in
s s5

av
Assume x  0  is null vector and u  t  is unit

m
kr
is
hn
1 step function.

a2
s 1

02
21. Consider a system:

0@
Sensor

gm
15. Obtain state space model for the control  x1   0 1 0   x1  0 

ai
 x    0 0 1   x   0  u

l.c
om
system shown in figure.  2   2  

,8
R  s  x3   2 5 7   x3  1 

54
C s

72
 as  b 1

68
s2  x1 

03
y  1 0 0  x2  . Transform the system

4)
 x3 
16. Obtain state space model for the control
to a new set of state variables:
system shown in figure.
z1  2 x1
R  s sz K C s
 z 2  3 x1  2 x2
s p s s  a
z3  x1  4 x2  5x3
22. Find the eigen vectors of matrix
Solution to state space model  3 1 
17. Given the system represented in state A 
 1 3
space by equations
23. A system is given below. Find the diago-
 x1   0 2   x1   0   t nal system that is similar.
 x    3 5  x   1  e
 2   2    x1   3 1   x1   1 
x  2  x    1 3  x    2  u
y  1 3  1  and x  0      2   2  
 x2  1  x 
(a) Find eigen values and system poles. y   2 3  1 
 x2 
(b) Find the solution for y  t 
24 Prepared by: BNSS Shankar, M.Tech(IITK) OHM Institute – Hyderabad GATE|ESE|PSUs
Control Systems GATE Batches CRPQ – 6
Controllability and Observability  x1   1 0   x1 
24. Find the controllability of the following
(i)  x    0 2   x  u and
 2   2
systems.
x 
 x1   1 0   x1   2  y  1 3  1 
(i)  x    0 2   x    5  u  x2 
 2   2  
 x1   1 0   x1   2 

Th
 x1   1 0   x1   2  (ii)  x    0 2   x    0  u and

is
PD
(ii)  x    0 2   x    0  u  2   2  

F
 2   2  

be
x 

lo
 x1   1 1 0   x1   0  y   0 1  1 

ng
s
 x    0 1 0   x    4  u  x2 

to
(iii)

Ab
 2    2  
 x1   2 1 0   x1 

hi
 x3   0 0 2  x3   3 

na
 x    0 2 1   x  and

v
(iii)

Kr
 2   2
 x1   1 1 0   x1   4 2 

is
 x3   0 0 2  x3 

hn
 x    0 1 0   x    0 0   u1 

a
M
(iv)  2    2   u 

te
 x3   0 0 2   x3   3 0   2   x1 

fF
R
3 0 0  

0
y   x2 

(a
4 0 0  

bh
 2 1 0 0 0  0 1

in
 0 2 1 0 0  0  x3 
0 

av
m
  
 x1   2 1 0   x1 

kr
x   0 0 2 0 0  x   3

is
(v) 0 u

hn
     x    0 2 1   x  and

a2
(iv)  2   2
 0 0 0 5 1  0 0

02
 x3   0 0 2  x3 

0@
 0 0 0 0 5  2 1 

gm
ai
 x1 

l.c
 2 1 0 0 0  4 0 1 3  

om
 0 2 1 0 0   2 y   x2 

,8
    0 2 4  

54
 x3 

72
(vi) x   0 0 2 0 0  x   1  u

68
   

03
 0 0 0 5 1   3 2 1 0 0 0

4)
 0 0 0 0 5  0  0 2 1 0 0 

25. Find the controllability of the system. (v) x   0 0 2 0 0  x and
 
1/ s X2 1 1/ s X1 0 0 0 3 1 
 0 0 0 0 3
1 1 1 10
1 1 1 0 0 
10 y x
U s Y  s 0 1 1 1 0
10
1 2 1 0 0 0
X3 0 2 1 0 0 
1/ s

(vi) x   0 0 2 0 0  x and
2  
0 0 0 3 1 
26. Find controllability of  0 0 0 0 3
X s s  2.5 1 1 1 0 0 
 y
U s  s  2.5  s  1 x
0 1 1 0 0
27. Find observability of the following sys- 28. Find whether the system shown in the fig-
tems. ure is observable or not.

25 Prepared by: BNSS Shankar, M.Tech(IITK) OHM Institute – Hyderabad GATE|ESE|PSUs

Control Systems GATE Batches CRPQ – 6

1 4
5
1 x3 1/ s x3 1/ s x2 1/ s x1 1/ s
u 1 1/ s 5
x2 x1 y u
x2 x1
y
2 21/ 4
3
5
4

Th
is
30. Find controllability, observability and sta-

PD
29. Determine whether the system shown in

F
bility for the system given below.

be
the figure is observable or not.

lo
 x1   1 1   x1  0 

ng
s
 x    2 1  x   1  u and

to
 2   2  

Ab
hi
na
 x1 

v
y  1 0   

Kr
is
 x2 

hn
a
M
te
fF
R
0
(a
bh
in
av
m
kr
is
hn
a2
02
0@
gm
ai
l.c
om
,8
54
72
68
03
4)

26 Prepared by: BNSS Shankar, M.Tech(IITK) OHM Institute – Hyderabad GATE|ESE|PSUs