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Triethanolamine (TEA) is a versatile chemical used in various industrial processes and consumer products, including surfactants, emulsifiers, and personal care items. It has undergone toxicological evaluations, with studies indicating potential carcinogenic effects and genotoxicity, leading to its review by the Carcinogen Identification Committee. Relevant epidemiological and animal studies have been compiled to assess its safety and health risks.

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5 views4 pages

tea

Triethanolamine (TEA) is a versatile chemical used in various industrial processes and consumer products, including surfactants, emulsifiers, and personal care items. It has undergone toxicological evaluations, with studies indicating potential carcinogenic effects and genotoxicity, leading to its review by the Carcinogen Identification Committee. Relevant epidemiological and animal studies have been compiled to assess its safety and health risks.

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Triethanolamine (TEA)

Triethanolamine (TEA) is used in a number of industrial processes, and in the


manufacture of a wide variety of consumer products. TEA is a chemical intermediate in
the manufacture of anionic and nonionic surfactants. It is used to manufacture
emulsifiers and dispersing agents for household detergents and polishes; lubricants, dyes
and antistatic agents for textiles; agricultural herbicides; mineral and vegetable oils;
paraffin and waxes; pharmaceutical ointments, and petroleum demulsifiers. It is a solvent
for casein, shellac, and dyes. It is used as a vulcanization accelerator in the rubber
industry, as a humectant and softening agent in hide tanning, and in the manufacture of
synthetic resins, plasticizers, adhesives, and sealants. Based on its metal chelation
properties, TEA is used as a corrosion inhibitor, in electroplating, metal cleaning and rust
removal, and in lubricating and metalworking fluids. TEA is also used in a number of
personal care products, such as creams, lotions, skin cleansers, shampoos, hair care and
coloring agents, permanent wave lotions, deodorants, fragrances, makeup, nail polish and
polish remover, and cuticle softeners and removers.

TEA passed the animal data screen, underwent a preliminary toxicological evaluation,
and is being brought to the Carcinogen Identification Committee for consultation. This is
a compilation of the relevant studies identified during the preliminary toxicological
evaluation.

Epidemiological data

• Worker studies
o Review of studies of cancer risks among workers exposed to metal working
fluids: Calvert et al. (1998); IARC (2000a, p. 386); IARC (2000b, pp. 354-360)

Animal carcinogenicity data

• Long-term dermal studies


o Two-year studies in male and female B6C3F1 mice (dermal application
five days per week): NTP (1999)
o Two-year studies in male and female B6C3F1 mice (dermal application
five days per week): NTP (2004) 1
o Two-year studies in male and female F344/N rats (dermal application five
days per week): NTP (1999)

• Long-term diet studies


o Lifetime studies in male and female ICR-JCL mice: Hoshino and
Tanooka (1978)

1
NTP conducted a second set of studies in mice, because of concerns regarding Helicobacter hepaticus
infection in the 1999 NTP mouse studies.
Chemical for Office of Environmental
CIC Consultation: Health Hazard Assessment
Triethanolamine 1 March 2009
• Long-term drinking water studies
o Eighty-two week studies in male and female B6C3F1 mice: Konishi et al.
(1992)
o Two-year studies in male and female F344/DuCrj rats: Maekawa et al.
(1986)

• Transgenic Tg.AC mouse study


o Fourteen-week old female Tg.AC mice (dermal application five times per
week for 20 weeks + six weeks observation): Spalding et al. (2000) as
reviewed in IARC (2000a, p. 388).

Other relevant data

• Genotoxicity
o Bacilius subtilis mutagenicity assay: Hoshino and Tanooka (1978)
o Salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity assays: NTP (1999)
o Chinese hamster ovary cell assays for chromosomal aberrations and sister
chromatid exchanges: NTP (1999)
o Sex-linked recessive lethal mutation assays in germ cells of Drosophila
melanogaster: NTP (1999)
o In vivo mouse peripheral blood micronucleated erythrocyte assay: NTP
(1999)
o Reviews: IARC (2000a, pp. 393-396)

• Effects of Helicobacter hepaticus infection in B6C3F1 mice used in the 1999 NTP
studies: Stout et al. (2008)

• Potential of TEA to convert to the carcinogen N-nitrosodiethanolamine: Hoshino


and Tanooka (1978); IARC (2000a, pp. 396-397)

• Mechanistic studies: Stott et al. (2004), Fischer et al. (2007); Zeisel (2008)

• Structural activity considerations


o Structurally similar to diethanolamine

Reviews

• IARC (2000a)

Chemical for Office of Environmental


CIC Consultation: Health Hazard Assessment
Triethanolamine 2 March 2009
References 2

Calvert GM, Ward E, Schnorr T, Fine LJ (1998). Cancer risks among workers exposed
to metalworking fluids: a systematic review. Am J Indust Med 33, 282-292.

Fischer LM, daCosta KA, Kwock L, Stewart PW, Lu T-S, Stabler SP, Allen RH, Zeisel
SH (2007). Sex and menopausal status influence human dietary requirements for the
nutrient choline. Am J Clin Nutr 85:1275-1285.

Hoshino H, Tanooka H (1978). Carcinogenicity of triethanolamine in mice and its


mutagenicity after reaction with sodium nitrite in bacteria. Cancer Res 38:3918-3921.

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC, 2000a). IARC Monographs on the
Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Some Industrial
Chemicals. Volume 77. Triethanolamine pp. 381-401, IARC, Lyon, France.

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC, 2000b). IARC Monographs on the
Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Some Industrial
Chemicals. Volume 77. Diethanolamine pp. 349-379, IARC, Lyon, France.

Konishi Y, Denda A, Uchida K, Emi Y, Ura H, Yokose Y, Shiraiwa K, Tsutsumi M


(1992). Chronic toxicity carcinogenicity studies of triethanolamine in B6C3F1 mice.
Fund Appl Toxicol 18:25-29.

Maekawa A, Onodera H, Tanigawa H, Furuta K, Kanno J, Matsuoka C, Ogiu T, Hayashi


Y (1986). Lack of carcinogenicity of triethanolamine in F344 rats. J Toxicol Environ
Health 19:345-357.

National Toxicology Program (NTP, 1999). NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology
and Carcinogenesis Studies of Triethanolamine (CAS No. 102-71-6) in F344/N Rats and
B6C3F1 Mice (Dermal Study). NTP Technical Report 449. NIH Publication No. 00-
3365. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National
Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

National Toxicology Program (NTP, 2004). Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of


triethanolamine in B6C3F1 mice (dermal study). NTP TR 518, NIH Publication No. 04-
4452. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National
Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

2
Copies of these listed references, as either the abstract, the relevant sections of the publication, or the
complete publication, have been provided to members of the Carcinogen Identification Committee. These
references have been provided in the order in which they are discussed in this document.
Chemical for Office of Environmental
CIC Consultation: Health Hazard Assessment
Triethanolamine 3 March 2009
Stott WT, Radtke BJ, Linscombe VA, Mar MH, Zeisel SH (2004). Evaluation of the
potential of triethanolamine to alter hepatic choline levels in female B6C3F1 mice.
Toxicology Sciences 79:242-247.

Stout MD, Kissling GE, Suárez FA, Malarkey DE, Herbert RA, Bucher JR (2008).
Influence of Helicobacter hepaticus Infection on the Chronic Toxicity and
Carcinogenicity of Triethanolamine in B6C3F1 Mice. Toxicologic Pathology 36:783-794.

Zeisel SH (2008). Genetic polymorphisms in methyl-group metabolism and epigenetics:


Lessons from humans and mouse models. Brain Res 1237:5-11.

Chemical for Office of Environmental


CIC Consultation: Health Hazard Assessment
Triethanolamine 4 March 2009

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