Electrical Power and Machines Engineering Department

Tanta University Faculty of Engineering

ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM (1)

FOR 2ND YEAR STUDENT
2020
Sheet 1

BY:
Eman Belal
 Transmission Line Inductance
For single phase circuit
• Two same conductors
𝐷
𝐿𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 2 ∗ 10−7 ln(𝑅` ) H/m

𝐷
𝑙1 = 𝑙2 = 2 ∗ 10−7 ln(𝑅` ) H/m

where: D is mutual distance between two conductors and 𝑅` is geometric mean radius of conductor
𝑅` =r*0.7788 r is the radius of conductor
𝐷
𝑙𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑙1 + 𝑙2 = 4 ∗ 10−7 ln( ` ) H/m
𝑅 a d

• Inductance of composite conductor lines

𝑙𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑙𝑥 + 𝑙𝑦 b e

𝐷 𝐷
𝑙𝑥 = 2 ∗ 10−7 ln(𝑅 𝑚 ) , 𝑙𝑦 = 2 ∗ 10−7 ln(𝑅 𝑚 )
𝑠𝑥 𝑠𝑦

6 c
𝐷𝑚 = 𝐷𝑎𝑑∗ 𝐷𝑎𝑒 ∗ 𝐷𝑏𝑑 ∗ 𝐷𝑏𝑒 ∗ (𝐷𝑐𝑑 ∗ 𝐷𝑐𝑒 )
Side X Side Y
9
𝑅𝑠𝑥 = 𝐷𝑎𝑎 ∗ 𝐷𝑎𝑏 ∗ 𝐷𝑎𝑐 ∗ 𝐷𝑏𝑏 ∗ 𝐷𝑏𝑎 ∗ 𝐷𝑏𝑐 ∗ (𝐷𝑐𝑐 ∗ 𝐷𝑐𝑎 ∗ 𝐷𝑐𝑏 )
4
𝑅𝑠𝑦 = 𝐷𝑑𝑑∗ 𝐷𝑑𝑒 ∗ 𝐷𝑒𝑒 ∗ 𝐷𝑒𝑑
For three phase circuit b

1. Symmetrical three-phase system

𝐷 a
𝑙𝑎 = 𝑙𝑏 = 𝑙𝑐 = 2 ∗ 10−7 ln(𝑅` ) H/m/ph
c

2. Un symmetrical three-phase system b

𝐷
𝑙𝑎 = 𝑙𝑏 = 𝑙𝑐 = 2 ∗ 10−7 ln( 𝑅𝑚` ) H/m/ph

𝐷𝑚 = 3 𝐷𝑎𝑏 ∗ 𝐷𝑏𝑐 ∗ 𝐷𝑐𝑎 a c

c'
a
3. Three-phase double-circuit

b'
b

c
a'
 3. Three-phase double-circuit

𝐷𝑚
𝐿𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 2 ∗ 10−7 ln( ) H/m
𝑅` c'
a

𝐷𝑚 = 3 𝐷𝐴𝐵 ∗ 𝐷𝐵𝐶 ∗ 𝐷𝐶𝐴

4
𝐷𝐴𝐵 = 𝐷𝑎𝑏 ∗ 𝐷𝑎𝑏` ∗ 𝐷𝑎`𝑏 ∗ 𝐷𝑎`𝑏` b
b'

4
𝐷𝐵𝐶 = 𝐷𝑏𝑐 ∗ 𝐷𝑏𝑐` ∗ 𝐷𝑏`𝑐 ∗ 𝐷𝑏`𝑐`
4
𝐷𝐶𝐴 = 𝐷𝑐𝑎 ∗ 𝐷𝑐𝑎` ∗ 𝐷𝑐`𝑎 ∗ 𝐷𝑐`𝑎` c
a'

𝑅𝑠 = 3 𝑅𝐴 ∗ 𝑅𝐵 ∗ 𝑅𝐶
4
𝐷𝐴 = 𝐷𝑎𝑎 ∗ 𝐷𝑎𝑎` ∗ 𝐷𝑎`𝑎 ∗ 𝐷𝑎`𝑎`
4
𝐷𝐵 = 𝐷𝑏𝑏 ∗ 𝐷𝑏𝑏` ∗ 𝐷𝑏`𝑏 ∗ 𝐷𝑏`𝑏`
4
𝐷𝐶 = 𝐷𝑐𝑐 ∗ 𝐷𝑐𝑐` ∗ 𝐷𝑐`𝑐 ∗ 𝐷𝑐`𝑐`
Problem 1
A single-phase two-wire transmission line, 15 Km long, is made up of round conductors, each 0.8 cm in diameter, separated from
each other by 40cm.
Calculate the total inductance of the line.
Solution

𝐷
𝐿 = 4 ∗ 10−7 ln( ` )
𝑅
𝑅` =r*0.7788 r is the radius of conductor

40∗10 −2
𝐿=4 ∗ 10−7 ln( ) = 1.942 mH/km
0.4∗10−2 ∗0.7788

Total inductance of the line = 1.942*10-6 *15*103 =29.13 mH

Problem 2
Find the inductance per unit length of the single-phase shown in Figure 1. Conductors a, b, and c are of 0.2
cm radius, and conductors d and e are of 0.4 cm radius. 6m
Solution a d
𝐷
𝐿𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 2 ∗ 10−7 ln(𝑅` ) H/m 4m

b
𝑙𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑙𝑥 + 𝑙𝑦
e

4m
𝐷𝑚 𝐷𝑚
𝑙𝑥 = 2 ∗ 10−7 ln( ) , 𝑙𝑦 = 2 ∗ 10−7 ln( ) c
𝑅𝑠𝑥 𝑅𝑠𝑦
Side X Side Y

6
𝐷𝑚 = 𝐷𝑎𝑑∗ 𝐷𝑎𝑒 ∗ 𝐷𝑏𝑑 ∗ 𝐷𝑏𝑒 ∗ (𝐷𝑐𝑑 ∗ 𝐷𝑐𝑒 ) Figure 1

9
𝐷𝑠𝑥 = 𝐷𝑎𝑎 ∗ 𝐷𝑎𝑏 ∗ 𝐷𝑎𝑐 ∗ 𝐷𝑏𝑏 ∗ 𝐷𝑏𝑎 ∗ 𝐷𝑏𝑐 ∗ (𝐷𝑐𝑐 ∗ 𝐷𝑐𝑎 ∗ 𝐷𝑐𝑏 )

4
𝐷𝑠𝑦 = 𝐷𝑑𝑑∗ 𝐷𝑑𝑒 ∗ 𝐷𝑒𝑒 ∗ 𝐷𝑒𝑑
 6 6
𝐷𝑚 = 𝐷𝑎𝑑∗ 𝐷𝑎𝑒 ∗ 𝐷𝑏𝑑 ∗ 𝐷𝑏𝑒 ∗ (𝐷𝑐𝑑 ∗ 𝐷𝑐𝑒 ) 𝐷𝑚 = 52 ∗ 6 ∗ 52 ∗ 6 ∗ (10 ∗ 52) =7.16m

6m

9 a d
𝐷𝑠𝑥 = 𝐷𝑎𝑎 ∗ 𝐷𝑎𝑏 ∗ 𝐷𝑎𝑐 ∗ 𝐷𝑏𝑏 ∗ 𝐷𝑏𝑎 ∗ 𝐷𝑏𝑐 ∗ (𝐷𝑐𝑐 ∗ 𝐷𝑐𝑎 ∗ 𝐷𝑐𝑏 )
4m
𝐷𝑎𝑎 = 𝐷𝑏𝑏 = 𝐷𝑐𝑐 = 0.7788 ∗ 𝑟𝑥 = 0.7788 ∗ 0.2*10-2
𝐷𝑎𝑏 = 𝐷𝑏𝑎 = 4 b e

𝐷𝑎𝑐 = 𝐷𝑐𝑎 = 8 4m
c

4
𝐷𝑠𝑦 = 𝐷𝑑𝑑∗ 𝐷𝑑𝑒 ∗ 𝐷𝑒𝑒 ∗ 𝐷𝑒𝑑 𝐷𝑒𝑒 = 𝐷𝑑𝑑 =0.7788*𝑟𝑦 = 0.7788 ∗ 0.4 ∗10-2 Side X Side Y

𝐷𝑒𝑑 =𝐷𝑑𝑒 =4

𝑙𝑥 =6.09*10-7 H/m
𝑙𝑦 = 8.31 ∗ 10−7 H/m
𝑙𝑡𝑜𝑡 = 14.4 ∗ 10−7 H/m
Problem 3
Three-phase, 50 Hz, transmission line is arranged as shown in Figure 2. Each conductor is 1.5 cm diameter. Calculate the
inductance per phase and corresponding value of the reactance.

Solution
b

𝐷
𝐿𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 2 ∗ 10−7 ln( `) H/m
𝑅
a c
1.5
𝐿𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 2 ∗ 10−7 ln(0.7788∗1.5∗10−2/2) = 11.097* 10-7 H/m 1.5 m

Figure 2
𝑋𝑙 =2ԓ𝑓𝑙 = 2 ԓ*50* 11.097*10-7 =0.3486*10-3 ohm/m/ph
Problem 4
Calculate the inductance and reactance of each phase of a three-phase 50Hz overhead transmission line which has conductors of
1.2 cm diameter. The distance between the three-phases are 5 m between A and B, 4m between B and C, 3m between C and A.
Assume the line to completely transpose.
Solution b

𝐷𝑚
𝐿𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 2 ∗ 10−7 ln( ) H/m 𝐷𝑚 = 3 𝐷𝑎𝑏 ∗ 𝐷𝑏𝑐 ∗ 𝐷𝑐𝑎 4m
𝑅`
3m
a c
3
3∗4∗5
𝐿𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 2 ∗ 10−7 ln(0.7788∗1.5∗10−2/2) = 1.3015*10-6 H/m

Figure 3
𝑋𝑙 =2ԓ𝑓𝑙 = 2 ԓ*50*1.3015* 10-6 = 4.088*10-4 ohm/m/ph
Problem 5
Three-phase double-circuit line is composed of 0.023 ft diameter. The line is arranged as shown in Figure 4, and is completely
transposed. Find the 50 Hz inductive reactance per phase per mile.
18 ft
Solution
c'
𝐷
𝐿𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 2 ∗ 10−7 ln( 𝑚` ) H/m a
𝑅
5 ft
𝐷𝑚 = 3 𝐷𝐴𝐵 ∗ 𝐷𝐵𝐶 ∗ 𝐷𝐶𝐴 =4.516 21 ft
b'
b
4
𝐷𝐴𝐵 = 𝐷𝑎𝑏 ∗ 𝐷𝑎𝑏` ∗ 𝐷𝑎`𝑏 ∗ 𝐷𝑎`𝑏` =4.21
5 ft
4
𝐷𝐵𝐶 = 𝐷𝑏𝑐 ∗ 𝐷𝑏𝑐` ∗ 𝐷𝑏`𝑐 ∗ 𝐷𝑏`𝑐` = 4.21
c
a'
4
𝐷𝐶𝐴 = 𝐷𝑐𝑎 ∗ 𝐷𝑐𝑎` ∗ 𝐷𝑐`𝑎 ∗ 𝐷𝑐`𝑎` = 5.196

Figure 4
3
𝑅𝑠 = 𝑅𝐴 ∗ 𝑅𝐵 ∗ 𝑅𝐶 =0.2051
4 L=6.183*10-7
𝐷𝐴 = 𝐷𝑎𝑎 ∗ 𝐷𝑎𝑎` ∗ 𝐷𝑎`𝑎 ∗ 𝐷𝑎`𝑎` =0.216

𝐷𝐵 = 4
𝐷𝑏𝑏 ∗ 𝐷𝑏𝑏` ∗ 𝐷𝑏`𝑏 ∗ 𝐷𝑏`𝑏` = 0.185 Xl= 1.942*10-4 ohm/ph/mile

4
𝐷𝐶 = 𝐷𝑐𝑐 ∗ 𝐷𝑐𝑐` ∗ 𝐷𝑐`𝑐 ∗ 𝐷𝑐`𝑐` = 0.216