LOGIC GATES

e
hasu lamanl whih DM
ogic ali alt

bLoks o1 0pler dglal Apdomu

Aypbm
butduny

fUNDA MENTAL GA TES

) OR 4ATE

O/P y- A+B

TAuth Tabl
A 8

GATE
) AND

8
 Ruth Table
A 8
00
0

an nUula )
GATE (H acli u
3 NOT
A
olP Y A

Tudh Table

AY

UNIVERSAL GATES
also kroun QA
Q
an
NOR nd NAND gal
an be uied
uLed
dwwwwwal 9alu becau t y

udi idully a Hu wwwwsal buildu

Locks b huld Ory logic u t .
) NOR GATE
t inpliuu OR wnelhon ulh an inulid output

A Y= Ate

OP Y= A+B

Tauth Toblu
A

NAND GATE
a AND fnion uth an uuulid sutpt
ipu
A = A.B

TAuth Table
A B

O
0
 8UBBLED GATES

E-OR GATE 1uA ony

olf Aigh Only
both anguli a dlfui

YAB = AB+ AB

TAuth Table
A
O

a) EX- NOR GATE

o/p y AB A 08 A8t AB
Tuth Tab
A
O
O
Lh hthn hi ih

h
 LA WS UALITY THEC
COMMUTATIVE

A+8 8tA
ouat
i) A8 8.A Obkarud
5ASSoCIATIVE LAWS

i) (A+B)+c =
At(8tC)
i) A.8).c = A: CB.C)

6)6) DISTRIBUTIVE LAwS

)A.(A+c) AB +A:C
AtCB-c) (A+8)- (AtC)
7) ABSOA PTIVE LAWS

A t AB = A
1) (A-CA 18) = A A +B) (A ) A

i) At AB= A+6
iv) ACA +8) AB
8) IN VOLU TION LAW

A A

9IDEMPOTENT LAW

i) AtA+A tA+ - - - +A A
) A. A A A A - - -- - A A
 hr.y) f n
1

D uol Jolion

A00

h+h A A-A A

AB BA
fe c)= (A8).C
h1 (01)- (h18)4
At(0-c) + 8 ) (At)

A. (A16)
= A

ACA 1- A 6

E- MORGAN'C TH6ORM Aum egjual

a
Alglis hal
u omplmu f
ompomani.
enpaued as
h fhdnd
A

ous. (0.D)t (A.(D)

h ABcD
 ty War

/
"/
terment i)AND gali 1lh ol k NOT alns
I1)
AND NoT Jalu

AB

Make
ty-of al
uauny Mn imUun
A AB

.AR

AA n8 A AB+ B. AB

.(A1@)e(TB
A0) (A B)
At AB
 MLE MENTATION DSNG 4ATI S

) inupent atl 2 i/P tojial uuing NoRfnlu.

a) NOT ofalon p0R ofalion

AtB
AtB
A A A

C)AND oualon

A
A
A 8

B
6-
mpumut al 2 Up al f uvg NAND
gali
&)
b) AND ualuon
a NOT /UaluDn
A A. D A-B
A
A -D
OR yualion
c)
A
A L AB AtB
 STANDARD AFRE SE
NTnTIONSO
LOG ICAL ONCT|ONS
OK

)Sof Sum iA0ducla) fn

2) Pos PAvduct
ef um) fon
Sof om two oa ALOLL
SOP tnp'aLULLD
AND Awntlwu Oked loytthis

ABt AB t AB
dual SoP
dPos fom-tos
ros npAmon u. te AND fnlon two
LOUL Oked undions

9 +6) (B+C) (A+c)

Conuut AtAB J standard SoP fpmm

At A6 ACB+8)+AB
ABt AB + AB

Nlim

onunt (A+8) (6tC) unlo tandaid Pas frm.

A19)(61c) (A+81 ca) (A +8tc)

=

A+81¢) (A +8+T) (A+8+) (A+6tc)

=

t81c) (A +6 +a) ( +0+c)

 MINTER M DESIGNATION
Vauiable without ba
Yauiable th ba- 0

ABCD 101| m
ABTD m
1000 M
) Fvnd komptuli
npAuuion fr minlem
duignation
ut w
2m(1,3, S7)
ae 3 Vaiablu A, 8, C
BC t RBCt ABc +
AbC
MAXTERM DESIG NATION
oeluCt
-M (o, 2,35) Vaniahle ith bar-1
Fid compluli aaable wittot bas>o
uuuwn fo Manlem dauo nation
Y TMo,,3,4 duig nation
Mo A+8-+C
M A +8+T
A+ B1T
My A+BtC
Y=
CAt8+c) (A+8+z) (A+6+T)
(h +B+c)
 CANON1CAL FORM 0f A LOGIc ExPRE SSJoN
each ibm
a yne tapLACitn tontan all
Vagiab , Jhen t callrd anD ni cal fom
Nolim: i Luun
" o phoduda pon a loyi
n
anOnu cal fem, tah poducd
um u Called a wrlen

Madem- nun odut ums om a

andnnal ferm, each

CnfsA ion

Aum im called a anlim

s

funNCTION
SiMPLIPIcATIO N OP LoGIcL

USING K- MAP

u a gaphical tchngu
KAMap hod
beolean undions.
toe inyltyr K i p h e s e n q U i o n n

a 2 di'mvuuonal

uth -takl.
44uaie
onnili e 4guaus. Each
AuUnlim. Fol n vanakles, 2"
Rephisnns
AUAALL ase heur.
 Po a munlwm,1s al
unulte\
aAL
OAKLp endury Lgpuat A os
lo
OAALLpad
tuhich
hoie AU

/Ro du ct teams nwt AsUl

two ad aent Lguais ddfes enty

1 1 vaiable hu can b rouya

ds geihs fer Linupliication

TwO VARIABLE k-MAP

8) ung k- MapP

Z A B+ AB

AA

2= A
Ans

VARIA BLE k-MAP

THREE

ABBc
a) Lolu
G) f- ABCtABC +AB*
 AB
A

Ans

) olue
Ma
1 6ct A6t ABCt AB6C
AB A AB

f A

) dou wuy k-Map

Y A6CtABC
AB A A AB

Ans YA
 foUR VARIABLE K-MAP

) Lol YABCD A 6TD tA 8cD+ABCD tTA

AB AB AB

TD
CD

)soue wny K- Map

AB AB AB A
2

CD

CD (o
8

An Y- ABCtAcDtABCt ACD
 el ulng
z
+ABCD +6cD
AB 6 A6, AB

A ny

h-Ma
)
AB

CD

CD

c
tATA6
ABt
A u f
 ) selut usu k-1aps

nBC 6 Dt ncD t AB+A

T (A,6, C, D)
CD CD CD

AB
AB

AN f= AtB

A) solu vdng K-Maps

X= ABC+ ATD t8+ A86D tABC
ABAB AB AB

CD

CD

A X + 8C
 AGELLI NG Of K-MAP saUAKES

AB
CD 10
00

lo D

AB AB
AB AB

C
FRO M
FOR M
KEALIZATION 0f
Of POS
POS

k-MAP
) ( + 8 (A+
)
A+6) (A+
O0

(c)0

(T)
 (A+8) (TB) CAtE(A+8
0
O0

A+ B)00

At8)°

ir)

Ok
fo Aualigalion PoS npdLun, gioups
4o a uade um4produl

Conplemurtay unelio ú otavuud.

YM(O1,3)
AB

An ABtA C

(n+8)(A+E)
 DONT CAR CoN'DITIONS
6stufunda
ulbls du

(O(CA haue
JnAd Aituat0,

dum lo iLUma
heie nutuons

CeChU e conbinatuons
onud
(Ondi tanms
Kuur dont ca
(X)
ap Afuenlid a
K-Map Onding
il

Lhe ouLp
0Ls a k v

K-ap
(3, 4, 7,1©, )
9,13, 14, I S t d
m ( , 1, s,
7
AB AB
A8 AB
TD X

A u n t u m / ma x d a

D e n ' tC a u

t i e s

CD aunt

aa
Jgi

incuelscd
ma
m a ba

ANS Y- 8t AC +AC
(A,8, C,D)= Kap:
(
ni ,2, 3, 6, 8,9,
12,4)+d(,4, t, i)
D D CD CD
A
AB
AB

AB
X

)clu Y=
sm(1, 3,7, II, 1S) +t d(o,2,
TD CD CD
X
AB

AB

y = CDtAD
 T

o
M
 cla culion
tY todo
)hehtedtdon ) Non
lerliye
Cdon (2) Non n e i t o d to
1e Cod ) oquanlial tod
Albharhomeyi. tode tode, a datei
Owented tode o s e h tod
eisuted toda, 2ath biuam d
asslamed b
depend on 9 aweiu2/valuss
a
positenn binamy
Beb, 8421 2421, 54l ect
(2) Non eighted tod
C
(Unweghtel coda
Those ode» în ohic
hose
digt Valu
does mot dabend upen s position
e adh d posihion itin tka mumbeu
mofixed valu eR Excem 3
0ode, Cray ode
 Retleci
oodeo Codes Or Self tomplemet
A îs said to be
Aotteative
's Ole ., ode. word
Ompkement
be obteine N .e CN-) Con
od Oord
N
s amd intehan all t s ae
O's
H221 a11
a11 Lxces 3 Codo
* H2-3 3 etc
A
Lel hoeiated
( oda s d o be
al tomplementing tod m
eiztz ?s
eua t . z
equeuial todas n
2ach &uecedi Los Sequoutial Codeo,
SequotHal todaa,
greate Hhan
IS no
inan Ombe
for
brecesRRe tOde
421 2
Seqnddhal code. Excén-3 Ode. on
a11 2 52
 C72

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