ZERAKI ACHIEVERS EXAM

TERM 2 -2021

PHYSICS (MARKING SCHEME)

FORM 1

2 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

I. Answer all questions.

II. All answers should be written in the space provided in this booklet.

III. Show all you working

Maximum score Students score

80 𝑋⁄
80
 1. State any TWO laboratory safety rules (2mk)

-Windows and doors should be kept open while working in the laboratory √1

- Any instructions given must be followed carefully. NEVER attempt anything while

in doubt√1

- There should no eating, drinking or chewing in the laboratory. √1

- When handling electrical apparatus, hands must be dry. √1

- Never plug in foreign materials into electrical sockets. √1

- Keep floors and working surfaces dry. Any spillage should be wiped off

immediately. √1

- All apparatus must be cleaned and returned to correct location of storage after

use. √1

Any 2 correctly stated laboratory safety rules . Max 2mks.

2. The diagram below shows a mercury manometer . Some dry gas is present in the closed space.

If the atmospheric pressure is 105,000 pascals and density of mercury is 13600𝐾𝑔𝑚−3 ,

determine pressure of the gas ( take g= 10 N/kg) ( 4 mks )

Atmospheric pressure P = Pressure due to gas + Presssure due to mercury √𝟏

𝟏𝟎𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎𝑵𝒎−𝟐 = 𝑷𝑮𝑨𝑺 + 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓𝒎 × 𝟏𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎𝑵𝒎−𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝑵𝒌𝒈−𝟏 √1

𝑷𝑮𝑨𝑺 = 𝟏𝟎𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎 − 𝟑𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎 √1

𝑷𝑮𝑨𝑺 = 𝟕𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝑵𝑚−2√1

3. Two students A and B measured the length of a block of wood by placing their eyes at

different positions as shown below. Use the diagram to answer questions (i) and (ii)

(i) State the reading as measured by student with eye position at A ( 1 mk)

- 1.1 cm√1
 (ii) State the reading as measured by the student with eye position at B (1 mk )

- 1.4 cm√1

4. A rubber balloon filled with gas is released from a high-flying aeroplane. State and

explain what happens to its volume as it falls. ( 2 mk)

- The volume/size decreases or reduces. √1

- Pressure increases with depth √1

or

- Atmospheric pressure increases as the balloon falls. √1

5. Two horizontal strings are attached to a block, resting on a frictionless surface,as shown

below.A force of 100N pulls on one string.The block does not move. Find the value of

force, F on the other string. (1 mk )

F= 100N√1

6. A stone of mass 18.0g was immersed into a liquid and then removed. The figure below

shows initial liquid level ,A,when the stone was fully immersed and the final level, B,

after the stone has been removed.Determine the density of the stone. ( 3 mk )
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑒 = 12𝑐𝑚3 − 3𝑐𝑚3 = 9cm3 √1

𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 18.0𝑔
𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦, 𝜌 = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = 9𝑐𝑚3 √1

= 2𝑔/𝑐𝑚3 √1

7. Explain what is observed when the temperature of water, which has pollen grains

suspended in it, is raised. (2 marks)

- The pollen grains move faster. √1 –Increased temperature increases

kinetic energy of water hence more collisions with pollen grains √1

8. A form one girl observed that when mercury is put into a glass it does not wet the glass.

Explain the observations made by the girl. (2 marks)

√1- The cohesive force between mercury molecules is stronger than the adhesive force

between mercury molecules and glass surface.

√1-The mercury then forms droplets and does not spread on glass surface.

9. In using the lift pump to raise water from a bore hole. It is observed that practically the

height the water raised cannot be 10m and more. Give two reasons for this observation.

(2 marks)

i) Low atmospheric pressure in places high above sea level√1

ii) Leakage at the valves and pistons√1

 10. Brownian motion of smoke particles can be studied by using the apparatus shown in the

figure below .To observe the motion, some smoke is closed in the smoke cell and then

observe through the Microscope

Explain the role of the lens and microscope in the experiment.

(i) Lens (1 mark)

The converging lens is used to focus/ concentrate converge the light to the smoke

cell thereby illuminating the smoke. √1

(ii) Microscope (l mark)

The microscope assists the observer see the illuminated smoke particles

clearly./Magnification of smoke particles. √1

(b) State and explain the nature of the observed motion of the smoke particles. (3 marks)

-The bright specks are observed moving randomly in the smoke cell. √1

-The bright specks are the smoke particles which scatter / reflect light shining on them. √1

- They move randomly due to continuous collision with invisible air particles which are in

continuous random motion. √1

11. Determine the minimum pressure exerted by a block measuring 0.2m by 0.06m by 0. 1m.

If the mass of the block is 6kg.(Take g=10kg)

(3mks)
𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆
𝑴𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒎𝒖𝒎 = 𝑳𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆𝒔𝒕 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂√1

𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆 = 𝑾𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 = 𝑴𝒈 = 𝟔𝒌𝒈 × 𝟏𝟎𝑵𝒌𝒈−𝟏 = 𝟔𝟎𝑵√1

𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 = 𝟎. 𝟐 × 𝟎. 𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝒎𝟐

𝟔𝟎𝑵
𝑷= = 𝟑, 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝑵𝒎−𝟐√1
𝟎.𝟎𝟐

12. Two immiscible liquids are poured in a container to the levels shown in the diagram

below. If the densities of the liquids A and B are 1g/cm3 and 0.8g/cm3 respectively, find

the pressure acting upon solid C at the bottom of the container due to the liquids ( 4 mk )
𝑷𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒍𝒊𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒅𝒔 = 𝒉𝝆𝒈√1

𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒂𝒕 𝑪 = 𝑷𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒅𝒖𝒆 𝒕𝒐 𝑨 + 𝑷𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒅𝒖𝒆 𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒐 𝑩 √1

= (𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝒎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒌𝒈𝒎−𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎) + (𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝒎 × 𝟖𝟎𝟎𝒌𝒈𝒎−𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎 ) √1

= 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝑵𝒎−𝟐 + 𝟑𝟐𝟎𝑵𝒎−𝟐 = 𝟓𝟐𝟎𝑵𝒎−𝟐√1

13. Briefly explain how physics is related to biology(1mk)

Knowledge of lenses studied in physics has led to the manufacture of microscopes

used in the study of the cell and diseases. √1

14. State any THREE effects of a force (3 mk)

i. Force can make stationary object move. √1

ii. It can increase speed of moving object. √1

iii. It can stop a moving object. √1

iv. It can decrease speed of moving object. √1

v. It can change shape of an object (i.e. can deform an object). √1

vi. It can make an object turn about a fixed point (pivot). √1

This is called turning effect of force. √1-Any 3 correctly stated

vii. It can change the direction of a moving object. √1

15. Describe the method you would use to measure the circumference of a cylinder using a

thread and a meter rule(4mk)

-Tie a thread on the cylinder. √1

-Count the number of turns. √1

-measure the length of the thread using the metre rule. √1

-Divide the length by the number of turns√1

16. A sphere of diameter 3.0 cm is mounted into a thin uniform wire of diameter 0.2mm

calculate the length of the wire in meters(4mk)

𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒑𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 = 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒘𝒊𝒓𝒆√1

𝟒
𝝅𝒓𝟑 = 𝝅𝒓𝟐 𝒍.
𝟑

𝟒
𝝅𝟏. 𝟓𝟑 = 𝝅 × 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟐 𝒍√1.
𝟑

𝟏𝟒.𝟏𝟑𝟕𝟏𝟔𝟔𝟗𝟒
𝒍 = 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟏𝟒𝟓𝟗𝟐.

𝟒𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒍= √1
𝟏𝟎𝟎

𝒍 = 𝟒𝟓𝟎𝒎√1
 17. State any three differences between mass and weight(3mk)

MASS WEIGHT

Quantity of matter pull of gravity√1

SI unit is kg SI unit is Newton√1

Constant everywhere change from place to place√1

Scalar quantity vector quantity√1

Measured by a beam balance measured by a spring balance. √1

18. 300 cm3 of fresh water of density 1000kg/m3 is mixed with 100cm3 of sea water density

1030kg/m3.calculate the density of mixture (3 mk)

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒√1

𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 300𝑐𝑚3 × 1𝑔𝑐𝑚−3 = 300𝑔√1

𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑎 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 100𝑐𝑚3 × 1.03𝑔𝑐𝑚−3 = 103𝑔√1

300+103
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 100+300.

403
= 1.0075𝑔𝑐𝑚−3 or 1007.5kg/m3 √1
400

19. Define force and state its SI unit (2mk)

Force is pull or a push√1 –SI unit = Newton√1

20. State any 2 types of force (2mk)

–gravitational, friction, magnetic, electrostatic up thrust, action and reaction,

tension cohesive and adhesive, surface tension. Any two correct√2

21. Distinguish between a scalar and vector quantity giving an example of each (3mk)

Scalar –magnitude only√1-distance, mass, density, area, volume.

Vector –Both magnitude and directions force√1, weight, acceleration.

√1 for correct examples of each

22. State any two factors affecting the surface tension (2mk)

- Temperature √1

- Impurities√1

23. A man has a mass of 70kg. Calculate

a) His weight on earth where the gravitational strength is 10 N/kg (2mk)

W = Mg√1

70 x 10 = 700N√1

b) His weight on moon where the gravitational strength is 1.7 N/kg (2mk)

W = Mg √1

70 x 1.7 = 119 N√1

24. A body weighs 400N in water. If the up thrust force is 20N.calculate its weight in air

(3mk)

𝑼𝒑𝒕𝒉𝒓𝒖𝒔𝒕 = 𝒘𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒊𝒏 𝒂𝒊𝒓 − 𝒘𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒊𝒏 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓√1

𝑾𝒂𝒊𝒓 = 𝑼𝒑𝒕𝒉𝒓𝒖𝒔𝒕 + 𝑾𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 .

= 400+ 20 √1

= 420N√1

25. Explain briefly why a razor blade floats in water and when soap solution is carefully

added to the water it sinks (2mk)

Because of surface Tension√1 – The soap solution breaks the surface tension√1
26. Explain the following behavior of molecules.

a) When it is raining it is advisable not to touch a canvas tent from inside (2mk)

The surface tension is broken√𝟏 and therefore the water penetrates

through√𝟏

b) Water rises up in narrow tubes but Mercury which is also a liquid falls in a

narrow tubes to level below the outside surface. Explain (2mk)

This is because of capillary action. √𝟏The water rises up so as more

molecules can be in contact with glass molecules while the mercury drops in

the tube so as more mercury molecule can be in touch with each other.√1

27. a) (i) state two precautions to be taken when using a density bottle. (2 mks)

-The bottle should be held by the neck when wiping it. This is to prevent it from

expanding due to body warmth when held by sides by using hands. √1

-The outside of the bottle must be wiped dry carefully. √1

-There should be no air bubbles when the bottle is filled with liquid. √1-Any 2

correctly stated.
 (iii) The mass of a density bottle of volume 50cm3 is 10g when empty. Spherical balls

are poured into the bottle and the total mass is 60g. Water is then added into the balls till the

bottle is full. If the total mass of the bottle and its contents is 90g, calculate density of the

spherical balls. (4 mks)

𝑴𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒃𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒔 = 𝟔𝟎𝒈 − 𝟏𝟎𝒈 = 𝟓𝟎𝒈√1

𝑴𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 = 𝟗𝟎𝒈 − 𝟔𝟎𝒈 = 𝟑𝟎𝒈√1

𝟑𝟎𝒈
𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 = ⁄𝟏𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟑 = 𝟑𝟎𝒄𝒎𝟑 .

𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒃𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒔 = 𝟓𝟎𝒄𝒎𝟑 − 𝟑𝟎𝒄𝒎𝟑 = 𝟐𝟎𝒄𝒎𝟑 √1

𝑴𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒃𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒔 𝟓𝟎𝒈

𝝆𝒐𝒇 𝒃𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒔 = 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒃𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒔 = 𝟐𝟎𝒄𝒎𝟑 = 𝟐. 𝟓𝒈𝒄𝒎−𝟑 √1