School Ampayon National High School Subject Science

Lesson Plan Teachers: Laze Arc S. Libando Quarter 4th Quarter

in Teaching Angelo M. Porol Date & 7:30 am-1:45 AM
Science Cyril R. Recamara Time
Michelle Jane S. Simagala
I. OBJECTIVE At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
A. Content Standards The learners demonstrate an understanding of:
1. the digestive system and its interaction with the circulatory, respiratory, and
excretory systems in providing the body with nutrients for energy
B. Performance Standards the digestive system and its interaction with the circulatory, respiratory, and
excretory systems in providing the body with nutrients for energy
C. Learning Explain ingestion, digestion,absorption, and assimilation, and excretion.
Competencies
Code S8LT-IVa-13
D. Objectives 1. Explain ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and excretion;
2. Value the importance of accessory organs and glands that help the body in
the digestive process; and
3. Create a diagram illustrating the five main digestive processes.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

Topic The Digestive System
Materials PPT and videos
References Digestive System. (2014, September 26). Retrieved from DepEd Learning
Portal:
lrmds.deped.ph/pdf-view/6315
Strategy Used Student-centered Approach
Integration English
Valuing Collaboration and cooperation
III. PROCEDURE Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity
A. Preliminary 1. Prayer
Activities To help us stay guided throughout : Sure sir. Let us all bow our heads and
today's lesson, let us seek Divine put ourselves in the most holy
Guidance. May I request the class presence of God. In the name of the
president to lead us in prayer? Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.
Amen.
2. Greetings
Good morning class! How are you this : Good morning teacher Gelo! We’re
morning? doing great

3. Setting of Standards
Before we begin our class, let us all be
familiar with classroom rules in order
for us to be guided and to have a
productive and friendly environment.

Please read our classroom rules

: everyone is reading
S: Show Respect – Be kind and
considerate to everyone in the
classroom.
T: Take Responsibility – Own your
actions and strive to do your best
work.
A: Always Be Prepared – Bring your
materials and have assignments ready.
R: Raise Your Hand – Speak only
when called upon to maintain order.
S: Stay Focused – Pay attention,
avoid distractions, and remain on task.

Is everything clear? : Yes sir!

4. Review
Who can still remember what our topic [student raising his hands]
last time was about?
: Me sir!!

: It is all about the digestive system.

 : We have discussed the organs and
its functions that make up the digestive
system.
Yes, very good. That is correct.

5. Motivation

To boost your body and be ready for

our discussion today, let us have a
dance first.
Do you want to dance class? Then : Yes, Teacher!
let’s get started.

https://youtu.be/EYwOHIq1aB4?si=Yu
0wE0KmZcLHKhA7

Very good class! You all dance very

well. Now, please sit down. :Thank you teacher.

Today, we will have another fascinating

topic. Our topic is all about the
digestive processes.

Do you have any ideas about our topic :Yes teacher, I think it talks about how
for today's class? food is being processed in our body.

Alright, it’s good to hear that you have

an idea about today's topic.

Now, let’s delve into the objectives of

our lesson.
B. Developmental
Activities
1. Activity Phase To start our class let us have an
activity!
This activity is called “Complete the
picture”

Direction: The class will be divided

into three groups, with each group
receiving a set of cut-out pictures. The
task is to carefully assemble the
pieces to form a complete image, just
like a puzzle. Once the image is
completed, the group must correctly
label each part in the proper order
based on the given topic.
You have 5 minutes to do the activity.

Are you now ready? : Yes Sir/Ma’am!

Paste you output and we will check

that later on.

2. Analysis How did you feel about the activity?

:Sir/Ma’am we enjoyed the activity as
we worked together to assemble the
picture.
Do you find it easy or difficult to label
the exact processes of the digestive
system? :We find it difficult maam because we
are not familiar with the different
processes of the digestive system.

Based on the activity we had, what are

the 5 digestive processes? : The 5 digestive processes are the,
ingestion, digestion, absorption,
assimilation and excretion.

What did you observe in the digestive

process from the topic we tackled last
meeting?
 :Sir/Ma’am, I think that the digestive
processes actually represent the
function of those organs accordingly.
Ingestion for entering the mouth,
digestion for the stomach and mouth
grinding, absorption for the small and
large intestine and lastly, egestion for
rectum and anus.

3. Abstraction On the fact sheet that I have provided,

what do you think is the process of
ingestion?

Anyone from group 1 who has an : The ingestion process in the digestive
idea? system is the first step of digestion,
where food enters the body and begins
its journey through the digestive tract.

Very good!

So, it is the first process that happens

in the digestive system. It is the [students are listening]
journey of taking in food or any
substance into the body through the
mouth.

What do you think is the next process

after the ingestion? : It is the digestion teacher!

Very good!

The process called digestion is how

the body breaks down food into
nutrients that can be absorbed and
used for energy, growth, and repair.

So, do you know that there are three

different processes of digestion?

Alright, in digestion there are three

processes which take place in the
mouth, stomach, and the small
intestine.

The first stage pertains to grinding and

breaking down of food inside the
mouth and involves both mechanical
and chemical digestion. This grinding
sensation includes;

-​ Teeth break down food into

smaller pieces, increasing the
surface area for enzymes to
act. The Salivary glands
produce saliva, which contains
amylase, an enzyme that
starts breaking down
carbohydrates and;

-​ While in chemical breakdown,

the tongue helps mix food with
saliva, commonly breakdowns
carbohydrates and forms a soft
mass called a bolus, which is
easier to swallow.

The bolus passes from the mouth to

the esophagus. The esophagus has
wave-like muscle contractions known
as peristalsis. This aids to move the
bolus smoothly to the stomach.
The second stage then occurs in the
stomach. Because of the cells the
stomach has, it secretes gastric juices
such as hydrochloric acid and pepsin.
These juices help to chemically
breakdown proteins. Those went
through the stomach called Chyme.

The third stage in digestion takes

place in the small intestine specifically
in the duodenum that focuses on
breaking down lipids . In the
duodenum, the secreted enzymes
from accessory organs are found here.
Let’s talk about the three accessory
organs;

-​ Liver - the liver produces bile,

a yellow-green fluid that helps
in fat digestion by emulsifying
fats into smaller droplets.
-​ Gallbladder - Bile is stored in
the gallbladder and released
into the small intestine when
needed.
-​ Pancreas - makes different
kinds of enzymes namely;
amylase, peptidase, and lipase
helps for optimal digestion.

Now, we are done with the digestion

process. Let’s proceed to absorption.
In this process the jejunum and ileum
are the main part of absorption.
Jejunum is the main site for nutrient
absorption, particularly
carbohydrates, proteins, and some
fats. While, Ileum Primarily absorbs
vitamins (such as B12) and bile
salts, and finishes absorbing any
remaining nutrients that weren’t
absorbed in the jejunum. Such as
water and electrolytes. Both jejunum
and ileum have villi in which
maximizes the absorption process.

Next, is the Assimilation. It is the fourth

process that occurs in the digestive
system. It is the movement of digested
food nutrients into the blood vessels of
the small intestine through diffusion
and use of nutrients into the body cells
through the microvilli - microscopic
cellular membrane projections that
serves to expand the surface area for
diffusion and also to lessen any
increase in volume. The large intestine
is the one that reabsorbs liquids,
electrolytes and some vitamins from
undigested food. It secretes mucus to
aid the formation of feces and
maintains alkaline condition and this is
the last segment of the gastrointestinal
tract that completes absorptions and
compacts waste.

Now, we are down to the last process:

the Egestion. It is the release of the
undigested food collected in the
rectum called feces and pushed out of
the body through the anus defecation.
 Generalization

Each stage in the digestive process

plays a crucial role in ensuring that the
body gets the nourishment it needs
while eliminating the waste that is not
needed. Without proper digestion,
absorption, and assimilation, the body
would be unable to get the energy,
nutrients, and building blocks required
for optimal health. Similarly, the
egestion of waste is essential to
prevent harmful build-up and maintain
a healthy digestive system.

In short, the digestive process is

essential for turning the food we eat
into usable nutrients and eliminating
waste products, which is critical for our
survival and well-being.

Do you have any clarifications class?

4. Application Let us then evaluate your learnings. I
will be giving you an activity called
CONCEPT ME!

Direction: Class, I will be divided into

three groups. You are going to create a
concept map about Digestive
processes and explain each of the
processes. Brainstorm with your
groupmates and answer the guide
questions. Choose 1 representative to
present your output. You have 5
minutes to do the activity.

5. Evaluation / Instructions: Read each of the

Assessment following items carefully. Encircle the
letter of the correct answer.

1.Digestion begins in the?

A.​ Stomach
B.​ Mouth
C.​ Liver
D.​ Esophagus
2. The mechanical and chemical
process breaking foods into simpler,
more soluble products is____.
A.​ Absorption
B.​ Digestion
C.​ Assimilation
D.​ Egestion
3. The first process of the digestive
system is____.
A.​ Digestion
B.​ Assilimition
C.​ Absorption
D.​ Ingestion
4. The following organs are part of the
human digestive system EXCEPT;
A.​ Mouth
B.​ Esophagus
C.​ Small intestine
D.​ Gastrovascular cavity
5. Which of the following helps in the
digestion of food in the mouth?
A.​ Amylase
B.​ Bile
 C.​ Protease
D.​ Saliva
6. Assignment For your assignment, draw and label
the digestive processes. Use different
colors to indicate different organs
corresponding to the digestive process
it belongs to, and describe each
organ’s function.

That is all for today's class!

See you tomorrow!

Class dismiss!

Prepared by: Laze Arc S. Libado

​ Angelo M. Porol
​ Cyril R. Recamara
​ Michelle Jane Simagala

Submitted to: Hazel Beth P. Lucino