Download the full version and explore a variety of test banks

or solution manuals at https://testbankbell.com

Test Bank for Organizational Behavior: A

Practical, Problem-Solving Approach, 3rd Edition,
Angelo Kinicki

_____ Follow the link below to get your download now _____

http://testbankbell.com/product/test-bank-for-
organizational-behavior-a-practical-problem-solving-
approach-3rd-edition-angelo-kinicki/

Access testbankbell.com now to download high-quality

test banks or solution manuals
We have selected some products that you may be interested in
Click the link to download now or visit testbankbell.com
for more options!.

Test Bank for Organizational Behavior: A Practical,

Problem-Solving Approach, 3rd Edition Angelo Kinicki

http://testbankbell.com/product/test-bank-for-organizational-behavior-
a-practical-problem-solving-approach-3rd-edition-angelo-kinicki-3/

Solution Manual for Organizational Behavior: A Practical,

Problem-Solving Approach, 3rd Edition, Angelo Kinicki

http://testbankbell.com/product/solution-manual-for-organizational-
behavior-a-practical-problem-solving-approach-3rd-edition-angelo-
kinicki/

Test Bank for Organizational Behavior A Practical Problem

Solving Approach 2nd Edition By Kinicki

http://testbankbell.com/product/test-bank-for-organizational-behavior-
a-practical-problem-solving-approach-2nd-edition-by-kinicki/

Test Bank for Understanding the Essentials of Critical

Care Nursing, 3rd Edition, Kathleen Perrin Carrie MacLeod

http://testbankbell.com/product/test-bank-for-understanding-the-
essentials-of-critical-care-nursing-3rd-edition-kathleen-perrin-
carrie-macleod/
Test Bank For Child Development and Education (5th
Edition) 5th Edition

http://testbankbell.com/product/test-bank-for-child-development-and-
education-5th-edition-5th-edition/

Financial Accounting Harrison 10th Edition Test Bank

http://testbankbell.com/product/financial-accounting-harrison-10th-
edition-test-bank/

Plates and Shells Theory and Analysis 4th Ugural Solution

Manual

http://testbankbell.com/product/plates-and-shells-theory-and-
analysis-4th-ugural-solution-manual/

Test Bank for Nutrition For A Changing World, 2nd Edition,

Jamie Pope, Steven Nizielski

http://testbankbell.com/product/test-bank-for-nutrition-for-a-
changing-world-2nd-edition-jamie-pope-steven-nizielski/

Test Bank for Mergers, Acquisitions, and Corporate

Restructurings, 7th Edition, Patrick A. Gaughan

http://testbankbell.com/product/test-bank-for-mergers-acquisitions-
and-corporate-restructurings-7th-edition-patrick-a-gaughan/
Test Bank for Globalization and Diversity: Geography of a
Changing World, 4/E 4th Edition

http://testbankbell.com/product/test-bank-for-globalization-and-
diversity-geography-of-a-changing-world-4-e-4th-edition/
Organizational Behavior: A Practical, Problem-
Solving Approach, 3rd

Full chapter at: https://testbankbell.com/product/test-bank-for-organizational-behavior-a-

practical-problem-solving-approach-3rd-edition-angelo-kinicki/

Student name:__________
1) Janell is having an argument with her father. He believes that focusing on her computer
knowledge (hard skills) is the most important of Janell’s college experience. Janell disagrees,
arguing that ________ is/are the more critical and will help her in the hiring process.

A) problem solving
B) self-awareness
C) soft skills
D) an ethical perspective
E) business knowledge

Question Details
AACSB : Knowledge Application
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's : Understand
Difficulty : 2 Medium
Learning Objective : 01-01 Describe the value of OB to your job and career.
Topic : Conceptual Skills

2) ________ is the interdisciplinary field dedicated to understanding and managing people

at work.

Version 1 1
 A) Management theory
B) Management dynamics
C) Organizational behavior
D) Organizational dynamics
E) Organizational theory

Question Details
AACSB : Knowledge Application
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's : Remember
Difficulty : 1 Easy
Topic : Organizational Behavior (OB)
Learning Objective : 01-01 Describe the value of OB to your job and career.

3) Which of the following fields is not a field from which OB draws?

A) political science
B) accounting
C) statistics
D) economics
E) vocational counseling

Question Details
AACSB : Knowledge Application
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's : Remember
Difficulty : 1 Easy
Topic : Organizational Behavior (OB)
Learning Objective : 01-01 Describe the value of OB to your job and career.

4) OB is important in all facets of school and work because

Version 1 2
 A) hard skills are a critical factor to your success.
B) this indicates that you have common sense.
C) this technical knowledge is in great demand.
D) a career in OB will ensure a high salary.
E) it helps us to understand and manage people.

Question Details
AACSB : Knowledge Application
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
Topic : Organizational Behavior (OB)
Bloom's : Understand
Difficulty : 2 Medium
Learning Objective : 01-01 Describe the value of OB to your job and career.

5) Jon is dealing with several employees who are chronically late. He unilaterally decides to
dock everyone’s daily pay 5 percent if they are more than 10 minutes late. Jon will have better
results using

A) the contingency approach.

B) the “one-best-way” approach.
C) the environmental theory.
D) ethical decision making.
E) the human capital theory.

Question Details
AACSB : Knowledge Application
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
Difficulty : 1 Easy
Bloom's : Apply
Learning Objective : 01-01 Describe the value of OB to your job and career.
Topic : Contingency Theory

6) Practicing mindfulness daily, taking timeouts, keeping track of strengths and weaknesses,
taking self-assessments and listening are all practical advice for building your

Version 1 3
 A) soft skills.
B) hard skills.
C) cognition level.
D) self-awareness.
E) hindsight.

Question Details
AACSB : Knowledge Application
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's : Remember
Difficulty : 1 Easy
Learning Objective : 01-01 Describe the value of OB to your job and career.
Topic : Building Workplace Skills

7) Which of the following statements is false?

A) The contingency approach is just common sense.

B) Common sense excels in well-known scenarios with predictable outcomes.
C) Common sense requires less effort than finding the real problem.
D) Common sense can be overly subjective.
E) Common sense is weak in unexpected situations.

Question Details
AACSB : Knowledge Application
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's : Understand
Difficulty : 2 Medium
Learning Objective : 01-01 Describe the value of OB to your job and career.
Topic : Contingency Theory

8) Problem solving and critical thinking are ________ because they use logic and reasoning
to develop and evaluate options.

Version 1 4
 A) technical skills
B) soft skills
C) common sense
D) hard skills
E) personal attributes

Question Details
AACSB : Knowledge Application
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's : Understand
Difficulty : 2 Medium
Learning Objective : 01-01 Describe the value of OB to your job and career.
Topic : Conceptual Skills

9) Which of the following is not one of the top four skills desired by employers?

A) teamwork
B) critical thinking
C) problem solving
D) creativity
E) people management

Question Details
AACSB : Knowledge Application
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's : Remember
Difficulty : 1 Easy
Learning Objective : 01-01 Describe the value of OB to your job and career.
Topic : Conceptual Skills

10) Vance and Donal were hired by the same network support firm. One year later, Donal
receives a promotion to team leader. Vance believes he has stronger technical skills and asks his
supervisor why he did not get the promotion. The supervisor says that Donal has better people
skills. Having ________ can enable a person’s promotion.

Version 1 5
 A) soft skills
B) hard skills
C) technical skills
D) team skills
E) the right degree

Question Details
AACSB : Knowledge Application
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's : Understand
Difficulty : 2 Medium
Learning Objective : 01-01 Describe the value of OB to your job and career.
Topic : Conceptual Skills

11) ________ matters because it gives you credibility with your peers and those you manage.

A) Performance
B) Motivation
C) Communication
D) Self-confidence
E) Cheating

Question Details
AACSB : Knowledge Application
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
Difficulty : 1 Easy
Bloom's : Understand
Learning Objective : 01-01 Describe the value of OB to your job and career.
Topic : Ethical Behavior Affecting Performance

12) “When you know yourself, you are comfortable with your strengths and not crippled by
your shortcomings …” This is

Version 1 6
 A) a soft skill.
B) self-awareness.
C) common sense.
D) hindsight.
E) objectivity.

Question Details
AACSB : Knowledge Application
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's : Understand
Difficulty : 2 Medium
Learning Objective : 01-01 Describe the value of OB to your job and career.
Topic : Self-Awareness

13) Regarding the relative importance of personal and technical skills,

A) they remain equal and this does not change throughout careers.
B) technical skills are more important regardless of job level.
C) personal skills are more important regardless of job level.
D) technical skills become more important as job level increases.
E) personal skills become more important as job level increases.

Question Details
AACSB : Knowledge Application
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's : Understand
Difficulty : 2 Medium
Learning Objective : 01-01 Describe the value of OB to your job and career.
Topic : Knowledge and Skill

Version 1 7
14) Luis’s Ice Cream Store sales were down 15 percent this summer. The owner, Luis, says
that in his experience rainy summers mean lower ice cream sales. Johanna, his assistant, notices
the staff at Luis’s appear uninterested and slow to serve customers. He would like to replace at
least one of them with a younger college student for the rest of the summer. Johanna is using a(n)
________ perspective.

A) experience
B) management theory
C) hindsight
D) contingency
E) common sense

Question Details
AACSB : Knowledge Application
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's : Remember
Difficulty : 2 Medium
Learning Objective : 01-01 Describe the value of OB to your job and career.
Topic : Contingency Theory

15) At her job, Sarah doesn’t identify what is bothering her team members who report
directly to her. Two have left the company in the past three months and she didn’t probe why
they decided to leave. She just assumes they are getting a higher salary elsewhere. Sarah is
showing a(an)

A) lack of rigor.
B) lack of self-awareness.
C) lack of authenticity.
D) over-reliance on hindsight.
E) lack of objectivity.

Version 1 8
Question Details
AACSB : Knowledge Application
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
Difficulty : 1 Easy
Bloom's : Understand
Learning Objective : 01-01 Describe the value of OB to your job and career.
Topic : Self-Awareness

16) Dev argues that 9 AM is a bad time to sign up for a small discussion group because he
will be too tired from the previous night’s activities. He prefers to sign up for a large lecture class
at that time. José disagrees, noting that this small discussion group is something they both
wanted to do and will require their attention, while they may not focus in the lecture class. Dev
says that this is not a commonsense approach. What weakness does Dev exhibit?

A) lack of rigor
B) lack of self-awareness
C) lack of authenticity
D) over-reliance on hindsight
E) lack of objectivity

Question Details
AACSB : Knowledge Application
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's : Remember
Difficulty : 1 Easy
Learning Objective : 01-01 Describe the value of OB to your job and career.
Topic : Self-Awareness

17) ________, with which you can build goodwill, include personality, teamwork and
leadership.

Version 1 9
 A) Interpersonal skills
B) Commonsense skills
C) Hard skills
D) Technical expertise
E) Personal attributes

Question Details
AACSB : Knowledge Application
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's : Remember
Difficulty : 1 Easy
Learning Objective : 01-01 Describe the value of OB to your job and career.
Topic : Social Capital

18) Kevin expresses concern about Margarite, an intern scheduled to work on his team for
three weeks. Julio, Kevin’s manager, quickly decides to move Margarite to another team. Which
key problem-solving step has Julio skipped?

A) define the problem

B) take action
C) find a solution
D) defuse the situation
E) implement changes

Question Details
AACSB : Knowledge Application
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
Difficulty : 1 Easy
Topic : Decision Making
Bloom's : Apply
Learning Objective : 01-03 Utilize OB to solve problems and increase your effectiveness.

19) In some business situations, you will make recommendations to solve a problem. Which
of the following actions can help improve the quality of your recommendations?

Version 1 10
 A) Check with human resources to be sure that you are following protocol.
B) Make sure that your suggestions don’t upset any team members.
C) Make sure that your recommendations address the causes of the problem.
D) Make sure you offer a quick fix for the problem.
E) Ask your superior to present the recommendations.

Question Details
AACSB : Knowledge Application
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
Difficulty : 1 Easy
Topic : Decision Making
Bloom's : Understand
Learning Objective : 01-03 Utilize OB to solve problems and increase your effectiveness.

20) ________ highlight the fact that choosing among available options is not always a choice
between right and wrong.

A) Organizational theories
B) Ethical dilemmas
C) Ethical lapses
D) Management theories
E) Ill-conceived goals

Question Details
AACSB : Knowledge Application
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
AACSB : Ethics
Learning Objective : 01-02 Identify factors that influence unethical conduct and how it affects perfo
Bloom's : Understand
Difficulty : 2 Medium
Topic : Ethical Behavior

Version 1 11
21) Zoe is a bank manager charged with determining which employees are downsized. Her
only guidelines are to keep those employees who contribute the most to the overall organization.
When the list of employees downsized is presented, none of her personal friends are on it. This
might be viewed as ________ behavior.

A) rational
B) unbiased
C) unethical
D) illegal
E) organizational

Question Details
AACSB : Knowledge Application
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's : Apply
AACSB : Ethics
Learning Objective : 01-02 Identify factors that influence unethical conduct and how it affects perfo
Difficulty : 2 Medium
Topic : Ethics

22) Barbara wants to become a partner in her Atlanta law firm. She knows that if she bills the
most revenue, it will help her get her partnership. This ________ can lead to unethical behavior.

A) overvalued outcome
B) motivated blindness
C) ill-conceived goal
D) indirect blindness
E) slippery slope

Question Details
AACSB : Knowledge Application
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's : Apply
AACSB : Ethics
Learning Objective : 01-02 Identify factors that influence unethical conduct and how it affects perfo
Difficulty : 2 Medium
Topic : Ethical Behavior

Version 1 12
23) Which of the following statements is true?

A) Ill-conceived goals occur when we set goals and incentives to promote a desired
behavior, and that behavior is achieved.
B) The slippery slope refers to seeing the ethical actions of others as an example to
follow.
C) Motivated blindness occurs when we overlook the unethical behavior of another
because it’s in our interest to remain ignorant.
D) If the outcome is good, then the behavior must be ethical.
E) Direct blindness occurs when we hold others less accountable for unethical behavior
because it’s carried out through third parties.

Question Details
AACSB : Knowledge Application
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
AACSB : Ethics
Learning Objective : 01-02 Identify factors that influence unethical conduct and how it affects perfo
Bloom's : Understand
Difficulty : 2 Medium
Topic : Ethical Behavior

24) When confronting an issue, you will likely be perceived as more helpful and be taken
more seriously if you provide an alternate course or solution and not offering complaints. What
skill is this identifying to help you avoid unethical behavior?

A) Accept that confronting ethical concerns is part of your job.

B) Challenge the rationale.
C) Suggest solutions.
D) Consider and explain long-term consequences.
E) Use your lack of seniority as an asset.

Version 1 13
Question Details
AACSB : Knowledge Application
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's : Remember
Difficulty : 1 Easy
Learning Objective : 01-02 Identify factors that influence unethical conduct and how it affects perfo
Topic : Self-Awareness

25) Ethics is primarily concerned with

A) right and wrong.

B) legal and illegal.
C) moral and immoral.
D) religious and nonreligious.
E) public and nonpublic.

Question Details
AACSB : Knowledge Application
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's : Remember
Difficulty : 1 Easy
AACSB : Ethics
Learning Objective : 01-02 Identify factors that influence unethical conduct and how it affects perfo
Topic : Ethics

26) What is the most prevalent lie on résumés?

A) incorrect job titles

B) errors in employment dates
C) false academic degrees
D) skill sets that are not true
E) exaggeration of responsibilities

Version 1 14
Question Details
AACSB : Knowledge Application
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's : Remember
Difficulty : 1 Easy
AACSB : Ethics
Learning Objective : 01-02 Identify factors that influence unethical conduct and how it affects perfo
Topic : Unethical Behavior

27) In an ethical dilemma,

A) there are two choices, neither of which resolves the situation in an ethically
acceptable manner.
B) there are two choices, either of which resolves the situation in an ethically
acceptable manner.
C) there are two choices, one of which resolves the situation in an ethically
acceptable manner.
D) there is only one choice.
E) there are no choices.

Question Details
AACSB : Knowledge Application
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
AACSB : Ethics
Learning Objective : 01-02 Identify factors that influence unethical conduct and how it affects perfo
Bloom's : Understand
Difficulty : 2 Medium
Topic : Ethics

28) Mack works for a small biotech firm. When the firm presents the results of its clinical
trials to the FDA, Mack realizes that the results are not accurate. He reports this to the FDA.
Mack is a(n)

Version 1 15
Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
 There is one contrivance in the child’s head that
prevents the bones from breaking in its frequent The bones of a
child’s head.
falls. In the grown person the bones of the head
are fastened tightly together, and are almost like
one bone. But it is not so with the child. In an infant’s head they are
very loose, and you can feel quite a space between the bones at the
top of his forehead. Now, when the child falls and hits his head, the
loose bones give and do not break.
Though the teeth are like the bones, they are different from them
in one thing. The bones grow with the rest of the body, but the
teeth never grow any larger than they are at first. When the tooth
first pushes up through the gum, it is as large as it ever will be. Look
at the reason of this. The outside of the tooth—the enamel, as it is
called—is made very hard. It needs to be so, that the tooth may do
its work well. Such a hard substance, when once made, is finished.
It never can grow. No blood can get into it to make it grow, as it can
into the bones.
And now you see the reason that every person
has two sets of teeth. If the teeth that one has Why we have two
sets of teeth.
when a child should remain in his head, they would
be too small for him when he became an adult;
and as the jaws grew they would become quite far apart, and so
would look very strange. To get rid of these difficulties, the first set
begin to be shed about the seventh year, and a new set of larger
teeth take their places. As the new teeth are not only larger, but are
more in number, they fill up all the room designed for them in the
enlarged jaws.
All the bones of our bodies are inside, and are
covered with muscles, cords, and ligaments; and Skeletons of crabs
and lobsters.
over all is the skin. But the bones of some animals
are outside. This is the case with crabs and
lobsters. Their bones make a sort of coat of mail to defend the soft
parts from being injured. The hard coats of many insects also may
be considered as their skeletons.
 Such animals as crabs and lobsters have new
skeletons every year. The old skeletons are too How they are
shed every year.
small for their growing bodies, and so they must be
cast off. The animal crawls into a retired place to
go through the operation. It is painful, and sometimes proves even
fatal. He makes a great effort, and the shell comes apart. He then,
by hard struggling, pulls himself out. He now keeps still a few days
in his retirement, and another case or skeleton, as hard as the old
one, is formed. When he comes out with his new armor on, he is as
brave and as ready to fight as ever.
Questions.—What is said about the shoulder joint? The
elbow joint? The wrist? How is it that you can turn the
palm of the hand one way and another? Why are there so
many little bones in the hand? What is said about the
knee joint? What is one of the uses of the knee-pan?
What is said about the slender bone in the leg? What
about the ankle joint? Why are there so many bones in
the foot? What is said of the difference in brittleness
between the bones of the old and of the young? What is
said about the bones in a child’s head? How are the teeth
unlike the bones? Why do we have two sets of teeth?
What is said about the bones of some animals? What is
related of crabs and lobsters?
 CHAPTER XVII.
THE MUSCLES.

I have already told you some things about the muscles. There is
no motion in the body that is not made by them. They move the
bones, and they move other parts also, as the tongue, the corners of
the mouth, the eyes, the eyelids, etc.
But you will want to know how they do this.
Stretch a strip of India-rubber with your hands. How the muscles
act.
Now let it go, and it will shorten itself. When a
muscle pulls a bone, it shortens itself just as this
strip of India-rubber does. But the cause of its shortening itself is
different. The mind makes the muscle shorten. You think to bend
your arm; and, as quick as thought, something goes by nerves to
the muscle that can do this, and it shortens itself and bends the
arm.
Here
is a The muscles that
bend and
figure straighten the
that arm.
shows
the muscle that bends the
arm, and also the muscle
that straightens it out. All
the other muscles of the
arm are left out, so that you may see just how these operate. Look
at the muscle marked a: you can see that when this shortens itself it
must pull up the forearm, that is, that part of the arm which is below
the elbow. The muscle b has a contrary effect. The end of this
muscle is fastened to the point of the elbow, and when it shortens it
pulls the forearm down and straightens the arm.
 When a muscle shortens itself, it swells out and becomes hard.
Straighten your arm, and then take hold of it with your other hand a
little above the elbow; now bend up your arm as forcibly as you can,
and you will feel the muscle on the front of the arm swell out and
harden as you hold your hand upon it.
The muscles are the fleshy part of the body. The
meat of animals is made up of muscles. They are Color of muscles
in different
not of the same color in all animals. In some they animals.
are quite red, while in others they are of a light
color. Beef—the meat of the ox or the cow—is, you
know, a deep red, and is very different from the meat of a fowl. The
muscles of fishes are generally very light in color.
Your arm below the
elbow is very fleshy. Muscles that
move the fingers.
Most of the muscles that
move the fingers, as well as those that move the
hand, are there. Take hold of that part of the arm with your other
hand while you work the fingers back and forth, and you will feel the
muscles as they shorten themselves to pull the fingers. Here is a
figure showing the muscles in this fleshy part of the arm. You see
that they are quite large. The wrist is very slender. There are no
muscles there; there are bright, shining, smooth cords there, that
run from the muscles to the fingers. The muscles pull the fingers by
these cords just as men pull any thing by ropes. You can see the
play of these cords very plainly on the back of the hand of a thin
person as the fingers are worked.
There are only some very small muscles in the
hand, as those that spread the fingers out, and Muscles in the
hand.
those that bring them together again. If you work
your fingers in this way, you will see that the
muscles, which do such light work, need not be large and strong.
The muscles that do the hard work of the hand are up in the arm.
They are very large. If they were not, you could not grasp things so
tightly, and pull so hard as you sometimes do.
 Now see why it is that these large muscles are
put so far away from where they do their work. If The round
fullness of the
they were put in the hand, they would make it a arm.
large and clumsy thing. They are therefore put up
in the arm, where there is room for them, and they
have small, but very strong cords by which they pull the fingers.
They give to the arm that round fullness that makes its shape so
beautiful.
You can see the same kind of arrangement in the
drum-stick, as it is called, of the fowl. The large Drum-stick of the
fowl.
muscles that work the claws are up in the full,
round part of the leg, and there are small, stout
cords that extend from them down to the claws. Children often
amuse themselves with pulling these cords in the drum-stick of a
fowl, making the claws move just as they are moved by the muscles
of the animal when he is alive.
It is with the muscles that move the toes as it is
with those that move the fingers. They are put Muscles of the
toes.
mostly up in the leg, and their slender tendons, by
which they pull, go down over the ankle to the
toes, just as in the arm the tendons go over the wrist to the fingers.
If the muscles of the toes were all put in the foot, they would make
it very clumsy, and at the same time the leg would be ugly from the
want of that fullness which it now has.
Both at the wrist and the ankle the tendons are
bound down very tightly. If this were not so they Ligaments of the
wrist and the
would be always flying out of place, stretching out ankle.
the skin before them in ridges. This would be the
case especially with the tendons that go to the
toes. Every time that the muscles pulled on them, they would start
out very much at the bend of the ankle if they were not firmly held
by the ligaments.
The muscles are of many shapes—round, flat, long, short, etc.
They are shaped to suit the work which they are to do.
 They vary much in size also. Some are very large, and some are
exceedingly small. How large are the muscles of the arm that wield
the hammer and the axe! But how small are the muscles that work
the musical cords in your throat when you speak or sing! These little
muscles make all the different notes of the voice by pulling on these
cords, and in doing this many of their motions are exceedingly slight.
You remember that in the
chapter on the hearing I told Muscles in the
ear.
you about the little bones in the
ear. These have some very little
muscles which move them. The bones and the
muscles, a and b, are represented in the following figure. The
muscles, you see, have tendons or cords to pull by, in the same way
that the muscles in the arm have. Both the bones and the muscles
are larger in this figure than they are in the body. As the bones are
the smallest ones that we have, so it is with the muscles. Very small
machinery is this part of the hearing machinery.
The birds that go swiftly on their wings have
very large muscles to work them. This gives them Large and small
muscles in birds.
the full, round breast which you see that they
have. But the muscles that work the musical cords
in their little throats, as they sing so sweetly, are so small that it is
difficult to find them.
Questions.—By what is all motion in the body made?
What do the muscles move? Explain how the muscles
move things. Tell about the two muscles of the arm in the
figure. What is said about the swelling out of the muscles
as they shorten? What is the meat of animals? What is
said about the color of muscles in different animals? What
is said of the muscles in the arm below the elbow? What
is said of the wrist? What of the muscles in the hand?
Why are most of the muscles that move the fingers put up
in the arm? What is said about the drum-stick of a fowl?
What is said about the muscles of the toes? What about
the ligaments of the tendons at the wrist and ankle? What
is said of the shapes of muscles? What of their sizes?
What are the smallest muscles in the body? What is said
about the muscles of birds used in flying and those used
in singing?
 CHAPTER XVIII.
MORE ABOUT THE MUSCLES.

There is a great number of muscles in the whole

body to produce all its motions. There are about Number of
muscles in the
fifty in each arm and hand. In the whole body body.
there are about four hundred and fifty, and each
muscle is made up of a great number of fibres or
threads, every fibre having its own work to do.
Now all these muscles have nerves that connect
them with the brain, and the mind tells them by All connected with
the brain by
these nerves just what to do. Each muscle has a nerves.
great many little nervous ends scattered through it
every where. The message from the mind that tells
the muscle to act does not go to the whole muscle as one thing, as
a message is sent to a person. It goes to each fibre of it, telling that
fibre what to do. Every fibre of the muscle has its little nervous tube
connecting it with the brain, for the nerves are bundles of tubes, just
as the muscles are bundles of fibres. And each fibre gets its
messages from the mind separate from all the other fibres by its
own tube, so that each fibre is a workman by itself. How well these
workmen pull together when they all get a message from your mind
by their telegraphic tubes!
Commonly it takes several muscles to make any
motion, and sometimes many muscles act together. The endless
variety of
When this is so, messages are sent to a great messages sent
multitude of fibres in these many muscles. Think of from the brain to
this. Raise your hand. It is not one muscle that the muscles.
does this, but many. Your mind has sent a message
to all the fibres of these muscles, and they have all done their part in
raising your hand. But now raise it again a little differently. A
different message for this has been sent to all the fibres; and so for
all the different motions there are different messages. It does not
seem possible that so many different messages should be sent
through the nerves to the fibres of all the muscles, and that these
fibres should obey them so perfectly.
This is wonderful even in so simple a motion as raising the hand;
but how much more wonderful when a great variety of rapid motions
are made by the muscles, as in playing on a piano! How busy is the
mind of the player in sending its messages, one after the other, to
the multitudes of muscular fibres that work the arms and the
fingers! And if he sings at the same time that he plays, his mind is
sending messages also to the muscles of the chest, and throat, and
mouth. And what adds greatly to the wonder is, that all this time
that the mind is sending out so many messages, it is receiving
messages from the senses. Messages are going from the sounds of
the piano and the voice along the nerves of the ear to the mind.
They go also from the tips of the busy fingers as they press the
keys. How wonderful that all these messages are going back and
forth so rapidly, and the mind in the brain manages them without
any confusion!
I have told you that there are some parts besides bones that are
moved by muscles. Different parts of the face are moved by them,
and it is this that gives it its different expressions. Thus, when you
are pleased and laugh, the muscles pull up the corners of the
mouth. If you laugh very hard, they pull them up very much, as you
see in the face drawn here. See how this face is wrinkled under the
eyes. This is because the muscles pull at the corners of the mouth
so hard as to push up the cheeks.
What do you think the difference is
between laughing and smiling? It is The muscles used
in smiling and
this. In laughing, the corners of the laughing.
mouth are drawn up a good deal, but
in smiling they are drawn up only a
little. Most people think that the eyes have a great deal to do with
laughing and smiling, and they talk about a laughing eye and a
pleasant eye. But this is not correct. It is these muscles, which pull
up the corners of the mouth, that make the eye look pleasant and
laughing; indeed, laughing and smiling can be done with the eyes
shut. We often see a beautiful smile in the face of the sleeping
infant. It is because some pleasant dream in his mind plays on the
nerves that go to his smiling muscles.
There are muscles to pull the corners of the
mouth down, and these make the face look sad; The sad muscles.
and if the muscles that wrinkle the eyebrows act at
the same time, the face is both sad and cross, as you see here.
Observe just what the difference is between this face and the
laughing face on the opposite page. The difference is merely in the
corners of the mouth and in the eyebrows. In this face the two
wrinklers of the eyebrows are in action, and so are the two muscles
that pull down the corners of the mouth. Four small muscles, then,
make this face sad and cross. But in the laughing face the eyebrow-
wrinklers are quiet, and the corners of the mouth are pulled up
instead of being pulled down. It is the two little muscles that pull up
the corners of the mouth that do all the laughing in the face.
You have often heard the
expressions, “He had a down look,” “Down in the
mouth.”
and “His countenance fell.” These
refer to the effect produced by
sadness on the corners of the mouth. This explains
also the meaning of the common expression, “Down in the mouth.”
There is a certain muscle called the proud
muscle. It pushes up the under lip. It is chiefly by The proud
muscle.
this that pouting, that ugly expression so common
with some children, is done. When the eyebrow-
wrinklers act at the same time, there is scowling with the pouting,
and then the face is very ugly. I beseech of you not to get into the
habit of using these cross muscles. Keep always pleasant and kind,
and then those nice little muscles that draw up the corners of the
mouth will always be ready to light up your face with a cheerfulness
that shall be pleasant to look upon.
There are some animals that have certain
muscles in the face that we have not. These are Snarling muscles.
the snarling muscles. They pull up the lip at the
sides of the mouth so as to show the long, tearing
The smiling of the
teeth. You see them in operation in the dog, the dog.
tiger, etc., when they are angry. No animal but man
has in the face either the frowning, or the sad, or
the smiling muscles. Perhaps you will say that the dog smiles when
he is pleased and looks up at his master. He smiles, it is true, but he
does it only with his wagging tail, for he has no muscles in his face
to do it with.
How wonderful is the variety of expression in the
human face! And yet all is caused by a few The chief muscles
of expression.
muscles, and the principal ones are those that
draw up and draw down the corners of the mouth,
and those that wrinkle the eyebrows.
Questions.—How many muscles are there in the arm
and hand? How many in the whole body? What is each
muscle made up of? What is said of the fibres? Is it
common for a motion to be made by one muscle alone?
What is said about raising the arm in different ways? What
is said about the variety of rapid motions that are
sometimes performed? What gives the face its different
expressions? How is laughing done? What makes the
wrinkling under the eyes in laughing? What is the
difference between laughing and smiling? Has the eye any
thing to do with them? What is said about the sad
muscles? What about the cross ones? What is the
difference between a cross and sad face and a laughing
one? What is said about certain expressions in common
use? What is said about the muscles of expression in the
face of animals? What is said of the variety of expression
in the human face?
 CHAPTER XIX.
THE BRAIN AND NERVES IN ANIMALS.

I have told you how your mind learns about the

world around you, and how it makes use of its The brain the
mind’s central
knowledge by means of the machinery of your workshop.
body—the muscles, bones, etc. Your mind is in the
brain, and uses the brain to think with; and from
the brain branch out all the nerves by which it works all the various
machinery of the body. Your brain, then, may be considered the
central workshop of your mind; or it is like an engine-room of a
factory, where the engine is that keeps the machinery in other parts
of the building in motion.
The different animals have a brain and nerves
just as you have, and their minds in their brains How animals
learn.
learn about things around them. They do not learn
so much as your mind does, it is true; but they
really do learn. If you look at a kitten when it is first born, it is very
much like a baby. It does not know any thing. But, like the baby, it
knows more and more every day, and when it gets to be a cat it
knows a great deal; and all that it knows has come to its mind in the
same way as what you know has come into your mind. It has come
in through its senses. All its knowledge came in at its eyes and ears,
etc., and got to its brain by the nerves.
The mind in animals, too, uses the muscles in
the same way that your mind does. Watch a kitten The mind of a
kitten as it plays.
at play. The muscles that move her paws are
directed by her mind in the brain by means of the
nerves. As she pokes at the thing that you hold out to her, the
nerves of her eyes are telling the mind in the brain all the time about
the string, and then the mind is telling the muscles of the paws what
to do. See her as she springs to catch the string that you draw along
on the floor. As she watches it, messages are going from those
bright eyes to her mind in the brain; and then, as she springs,
messages are sent from her brain to a great many muscles in
different parts of her body. The mind tells the muscles just when and
how to act, and they all do exactly as the mind tells them. The mind
of a cat sets a great deal of machinery at work when she makes a
spring to catch any thing.
What I have told you about some animals is true
of all. The little insect that flies out of the way The minds and
brains of insects.
when you strike at him has a little brain, and there
his mind thinks about what it sees, and hears, and
feels, etc., just as your mind does; and when he flies away so
quickly from the blow that his eyes see coming, his mind tells the
muscles to make the wings go. There are nerves that carry
messages from his senses to the mind in his brain, and there are
nerves that carry messages from his brain to his muscles, as there
are in you. The brain is very small, and the nerves are very fine, but
they do their work well. They make a little telegraph, but it is a good
one.
What a quantity of thinking there is done in the brains of all the
animals in the world! How busy their minds are, receiving reports
from their senses, and working all the machinery of their bodies. Go
out into the garden, and see the birds, the butterflies, the bees, the
flies, the ants, the frogs, the toads, and the worms; they are all busy
thinking. They can not move without thinking. It is their thinking
that makes their muscles move them. And they think about what
they move for.
Some of them think more than others. The bird
thinks more than the worm. Some think faster than Animals that think
more than others
others. The humming-bird, that darts so quickly have larger
from flower to flower, thinks as fast as he works. brains.
But the lazy toad is a slow thinker. His mind does
not work the machinery of his muscles much, and so does but little
thinking. But even he once in a while thinks quickly. Let a fly walk
along pretty near him, and he will catch it with his tongue so quickly
that you can not see just how he does it. He watches the fly intently,
keeping very still all the while; and when it gets near enough, he
thrusts out his tongue, and the fly is gone. You would hardly think
that so lazy-looking an animal could do any thing so quickly. But he
is nimble as a fly-catcher, if he is not nimble at any thing else; and
very quickly must the mind in his brain think when it is working its
fly-catching machinery.
The more an animal thinks, the larger is the brain as compared
with the rest of the body. Man thinks more than any other animal,
and so he has a large brain. But the oyster has hardly any thing that
can be called a brain, for in his still life, shut up as he is in his shell,
he thinks but little. But such animals as horses, dogs, cats, birds,
monkeys, etc., have quite large brains, for they think a great deal.
Their brains, however, are not, by any means, as large as the brain
of man is in proportion to the size of the body.
This is as we should suppose it would be. The
brain is the machinery with which the mind thinks. The brain
compared to
Now, whenever we see a great deal of machinery machinery.
together at work, we know that it is because there
is much to be done by it; and when we see a small
machine that has not many different parts, we know that it is not
intended to do much. So it is with the mind’s thinking machinery.
The brain of an animal that thinks but little is small and simple; but
the brain of one that thinks much is large and has many parts.
Though animals do their thinking with their brains as we do with
ours, there is some thinking that we do that they can not. There are
some things about which they know nothing. But I will tell you about
this in another chapter.
Questions.—What does your mind do with your brain?
How is your brain like the engine-room of a factory? What
is said about the minds of different animals? How is a
kitten, when it is first born, like a baby? How does it
learn? What is said about the mind, and brain, and nerves
of an insect? What is said about the quantity of thinking
done in the brains of animals? How do some differ from
others in their thinking? Tell about the toad. What is said
about the size of the brain in different animals? How is the
brain compared with machinery?
 CHAPTER XX.
THE VARIETY OF MACHINERY IN ANIMALS.

You have seen what a variety of curious machinery there is in our

bodies for our minds to work, besides that which is needed to keep
the body in repair. But I have told you some things about other
animals as I have gone along. There is in them also a great deal of
machinery, and it is different in each. The variety of it is wonderful.
You see that the world is every where full of many kinds of animals,
making it a very busy world. I do not believe that you have ever
thought how different they are from each other. I will therefore tell
you a little about this.
See what a difference there is between man and
some animals. Look at the oyster. He lives in the Machinery in the
oyster suited to
water, shut up in his rough shell. He is no traveler. its wants.
He has no eyes to see sights with. He has no sense
of smell. He has taste for his food, and, no doubt,
enjoys it. He has the sense of touch; this he needs, both to manage
his food and to guard himself against harm. As he does not move
about, and has no feet or hands, he has but few muscles. He has
one to shut up his shell tight, which he does when he is alarmed. His
brain and nerves are very small affairs, for he has little use for such
things.
There is little machinery, then, in an oyster, as you compare it with
the machinery in your body; and it is simply because he does not
need so much as you do. If he had needed more, God would have
given it to him. But there is, after all, considerable machinery even in
the oyster. He has machinery for digesting his food. He has
circulating machinery—a heart with its arteries and veins. And he
has gills like fishes, by which his blood is aired by the air in the
water. Then he has a few muscles, some nerves, and a sort of brain.
 Look, now, at another animal that
has less contrivances in him than the The hydra—all
stomach and
oyster. Look at the hydra. This is a arms.
very little animal which is found in
ponds, sticking to a straw or stick by a
sort of sucker. Here is a representation How it acts when
of it. The small figure shows it of its natural size. alarmed.
The larger figure shows it as magnified by the
microscope. This animal is little else than a stomach with long arms.
We can turn the body of it—that is, the stomach, inside out, and the
animal will do as well as before. The arms are merely to catch
things, as worms and insects, which they put into the mouth of the
stomach, marked a. One of the arms is represented as having
caught something, which it is about to put into this mouth. When
the little creature is alarmed, he gathers up all his arms around his
stomach, and looks like a little ball. No brain has ever been
discovered in him, but it is plain that he thinks some in catching his
food, and in gathering himself into a ball to escape notice. He
probably has a brain to think with, though it is so small that it is not
to be seen with the most powerful microscope.
Here is one of the arms of this animal as
seen with a powerful microscope. It is made One of the arms
of the hydra
up of little cells or bladder-like things. How it magnified.
is that these make the different motions of
this arm we do not know.
Contrivances in
The two animals that I have just told you animals endless.
about are very unlike to man, but they are
not more so than a multitude of others. The
variety in the shapes of animals and in the arrangements of
their different parts is almost endless; but, with all this variety, all
are alike in some things. All have organs to digest their food with,
and organs to circulate their blood. All have brains to think with, and
nerves to use in finding out about what is around them, and in
making their muscles work.
 The variety in the contrivances in animals is so great, that when
one undertakes to study them, he continually finds something new.
And one thing is always true of the machinery in animals—it is
perfect. It is always exactly fitted to do just what it is made for. No
machinery that man ever made is equal to it.
Animals are suited in their shapes and arrangements to the way in
which they live. Some are made to fly. These have wings; and the
wings exhibit great variety, as you see if you look at the birds and
insects that are so busy in the air. Some animals are made to live in
the water; most of these have a broad tail and fins to swim with, but
some crawl, as the crab. Some float about, like the hydra, and some
lie still, like the oyster.
Some animals walk about on the
ground. Man is the only animal How different
animals move.
that walks about erect upon two
feet. The beasts, you know, are
four-footed. The monkey is one of the most singular of beasts: he
has neither feet nor hands, but some things which are like both.
With these he is more of a climber than a walker. There are many
small animals that walk on many feet. And the snakes, without any
feet, crawl along the ground. Some animals hop, as the frog and
toad. Some go by a long jump, as the grasshopper, and the
troublesome little flea, which is here represented as magnified by
the microscope. Very strong muscles must this animal have to
enable it to make such leaps with its long, crooked legs.
There is great variety in the coverings of animals. But I will tell
you about these in another chapter.
Some animals are much more like man than
others. The bones, and muscles, and nerves, and The organs of
some animals like
heart, and brain of some are very much like the those of man.
same things in our bodies. This is true of many of
the four-footed animals. You can therefore know
how the parts of the machinery inside of you look by observing the
different parts of animals at the meat-market. In a calf’s head you
can see how your brain looks. Its lungs, or lights, as they are
commonly called, are very much like yours, and its heart is quite like
your heart. And so of other parts.
The more an animal moves, the more muscles
he has to make his motions with. Man has more Variety of motion
in man.
variety of motion than any other animal, and so
has more muscles. God gives to each animal just
the machinery that it needs. Some have machinery Has more muscles
that others do not have. Some have very little, than any other
while others have a great deal. In our bodies there animal.
is a great variety of machinery, for our busy minds
want to know and to do very many things.
The mind of man does more things with the hand than with any
other part of its machinery. I shall therefore now go on to tell you
about the hand, and then about those things that, in different
animals, answer somewhat in place of hands.
Questions.—What is said about the variety of machinery
in the bodies of animals? What senses has the oyster?
Why does he have these? What is said of his muscles?
What of his brain and nerves? Why has not the oyster as
much machinery in his body as there is in yours? What
machinery has he? Tell all about the hydra. What is said
about his brain? What are his arms made of? In what
things are all animals alike? How does the machinery in
animals compare with that made by man? What are the
shapes and machinery of animals suited to? Tell about
animals that fly—those that live in the water—those that
walk. What is said about man? What is said about the
monkey? Mention some animals that hop—some that
make a long jump—those that crawl without feet. What
animals are much like man, and in what? Why is there so
great a variety of machinery in our bodies? What part of
the machinery do our minds use most?
 CHAPTER XXI.
THE HAND.

Man is the only animal that has a hand. The monkey has
something like a hand; but, if you watch him as he takes things, you
will see that it is a very awkward and bungling thing compared with
your hand.
The hand is often said to be a wonderful
instrument. I would rather say that it is a The hand a set of
machinery.
wonderful set of machinery. An instrument or tool
is commonly fitted to do only one thing, as a chisel,
a spade, a saw, etc. But how many and how different things can be
done with the hand!
Let us look at some things that the hand can do.
See the blacksmith wielding the heavy hammer; It does both
coarse and fine
how strongly his hand grasps the handle! See how work.
it is done. The fingers and thumb are bent by those
large muscles that are up in the arm. Now these
same fingers, that grasp the hammer so strongly, and do this heavy
work, can be trained to do work of the lightest and finest kind. They
can take hold of the pen and write. They can move the tool of the
engraver, making those fine lines that you sometimes see.
In the machines that man makes there is no such changing from
coarse, heavy work to that which is fine and delicate. A machine that
does heavy work does that only, and one that does fine work does
that only. No man ever made a machine that would pull a large rope
one moment, and the next pull a fine thread, and do the one just as
well as the other. But that wonderful machine, the hand, can do this.
It can grasp the rope firmly, and yet can take between its thumb and
finger a thread so fine that you can hardly see it.
Welcome to our website – the perfect destination for book lovers and
knowledge seekers. We believe that every book holds a new world,
offering opportunities for learning, discovery, and personal growth.
That’s why we are dedicated to bringing you a diverse collection of
books, ranging from classic literature and specialized publications to
self-development guides and children's books.

More than just a book-buying platform, we strive to be a bridge

connecting you with timeless cultural and intellectual values. With an
elegant, user-friendly interface and a smart search system, you can
quickly find the books that best suit your interests. Additionally,
our special promotions and home delivery services help you save time
and fully enjoy the joy of reading.

Join us on a journey of knowledge exploration, passion nurturing, and

personal growth every day!

testbankbell.com