| simple Filter Command: 177 torequest specific files from remote computers, but not to actually be logged onas a user of that computer. With Telnet, you log on as a regular user with whatever privileges you may have been granted to the specific application and data on that computer. Telnet is most likely to be used by program developers and anyone who has a need to use specific applications or data located at a particular host computer. FIP An FTP Server is a piece of software that is running on a computer and uses the File Transfer Protocol to store and share files. Remote computers can connect anonymously, if allowed, or with a user name and password in order to download files from this server using a piece of software called a FTP Client. In the simplest of definitions, an FTP Server (which stands for File Transfer Protocol Server) is a software application which enables the transfer of files from one computer to another. It is a way to transfer files to any computer in the world that is connected to the internet. FTP is a standard network protocol used for the transfer of files between a client and server on a computer network. FTP is a very well-established protocol, developed in the 1970s to allow two computers to transfer data over the internet. One computer acts as the server to store information and the other acts as the client to send or request files from the server. File Transfer Protocol8 $$$ Linux Administration FTP servers perform 2 basic tasks: “Put” and “Get.” You can put files on the FTP Server or get files from the FTP Server. If security is not a concern, FTP Server software is an easy and inexpensive way to accomplish this. Features of an FTP server: e In order for the client to establish connection to the FTP server, the username and password are sent over using USER and PASS commands. Once accepted by the FTP server, an acknowledgement is sent across to the client and the session can start. e — Inthe case of an FTP connection, it is possible to resume the download if it was not successfully completed earlier. In other words, checkpoint restart support is provided. e The FTP server allows the downloading and uploading files. There could be access restrictions as determined by the FTP server administrator for downloading different files and from different folders residing in the FTP server. « The FTP server can provide connection to users without need of login credentials; however, the FTP server can authorize these to have only limited access. « Files residing in FTP servers can be retrieved by common web browsers, but they may not be supporting protocol extensions like FTPS. ¢ FTP servers can provide anonymous access. This access allows users to download files from the servers anonymously, but prohibits uploading files to FTP servers. ¢ All file transfer protocol site addresses begin with ftp://. Advantages of FTP: © Speed: One of the biggest advantages of FTP is speed. The FTP is one of the fastest way to transfer the files from one computer to another computer. ¢ Efficient: It is more efficient as we do not need to complete all the operations to get the entire file.Simple Filter Commands ee 179) e Security: To access the FTP server, we need to login with the username and password. Therefore, we can say that FTP is more secure. « Back & forth movement: FTP allows us to transfer the files back and forth. Suppose you are a manager of the company, you send some information to all the employees, and they all send information back on the same server. Disadvantages of FTP: ¢ The standard requirement of the industry is that all the FTP transmissions should be encrypted. However, not all the FTP providers are equal and not all the providers offer encryption. So, we will have to look out for the FTP providers that provides encryption. «FTP serves two operations, i.e., to send and receive large files on a network. However, the size limit of the file is 2GB that can be sent. It also doesn’t allow you to run simultaneous transfers’ to multiple receivers. | «Passwords and file contents are sent in clear text that allows unwanted eavesdropping. So, it is quite possible that attackers can carry out the brute force attack by trying to guess the FTP password. © It is not compatible with every system. FTP is a client-server protocol that relies on two communications channels between client and server: a command channel for controlling the conversation and a data channel for transmitting file content. Clients initiate conversations with servers by requesting to download a file. Using FTP, a client can upload, download, delete, rename, move and copy: files on a server. A user typically needs to log on to the FTP server, although some servers make some or all of their content available without login, also known. as anonymous FTP. FTP sessions work in passive or active modes. In active mode, after a client initiates a session via a command channel request, the server initiates a data connection back to the client and begins transferring data. In passive mode, the server instead uses the command channel to send the client the information it needs to open a data channel. Because passive mode has the180 — Linux Administration client initiating all connections, it works well across firewalls and Network Address Translation (NAT) gateways. Samba Linux Samba Server is one of the powerful servers that helps you to share files and printers with Windows-based and other operating systems. It is an open-source implementation of the Server Message Block/Common Internet File System (SMB/CIFS) protocols. Samba was originally developed by Andrew Tridgell in 1991. Samba is an open-source software suite that runs on Unix/Linux based platforms but is able to communicate with Windows clients like a native application. This means you can use a Linux server to provide file sharing, printing, and other services to other non-native Linux clients such ‘as Microsoft Windows. So Samba is able to provide this service by employing the Common Internet File System (CIFS). At the heart of this CIFS is the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol. Samba does this by performing these 4 key things — e File & print services ¢ Authentication and Authorization ¢ Name resolution © Service announcement (browsing) Samba is often referred to as a network file system and Samba can be Tun on many different platforms including Linux, Unix, OpenVMS and operating systems other than Windows and allows the user to interact with a Windows client or server natively. It can basically be described as the Standard Windows interoperability suite of programs for Linux and Unix. Samba is based on the common client/server protocol of Server Message Block (SMB) and Common Internet File System (CIFS). Using client software that also supports SMB/CIFS (for example, most Microsoft Windows products), an end user sends a series of client requests to the Samba server on another computer in order to open that computer’s files,Simple Filter Commands eens 16] access a shared printer, or access other resources. The Samba server on the other computer responds to each client request, either granting or denying access to its shared files and resources. The Samba‘SMB/CIFS client is called smbclient. CPeNaAYVWEe YN PartA What is the use of filter commands? What is grep? What is the difference between head and tail filters? What is the use of sed command? What is tr command? What is pr command? > What is samba? What is Apache? What is DHCP? ). What is DNS? i. What is squid? Part B . Differentiate grep and egrep. What is Telnet? What are its advantages and disadvantages? What is DNS Server? Write short note on FTP? Write a note on Apache server. Part C What is the use of filter commands? Explain the commands used for filtering? Explain about different servers?