GROUP 4

UNDERSTANDING
COMPUTER
COMPONENTS AND
THEIR FUNCTIONS
10B-PHILEMON Page 01
 GROUP 4

INTRODUCTION
This presentation will cover Computer Components
and Their Functions, providing an overview of the
essential parts that form a computer system. Each
component has a specific purpose, working together
to ensure the system operates efficiently.
Understanding these functions is fundamental to
appreciating how computers perform tasks and
support modern technology.

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GROUP 4
HARDWARE COMPONENTS

RAM SLOTS CPU PROCESSOR

These slots provide a connection The CPU is responsible for

point for RAM modules, enabling interpreting and executing
temporary storage and fast access instructions, performing all major
to data needed by the CPU. computations and operations.

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GROUP 4
HARDWARE COMPONENTS

CPU PROCESSOR SLOT 24-PIN CONNECTOR

The processor slot securely holds Supplies power from the power
the CPU in place and establishes a supply unit to the motherboard
connection for communication and its components.
with the motherboard.

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HARDWARE COMPONENTS

IDE CONNECTOR HEAT SINK

Connects the motherboard to Dissipates heat from components,

older storage devices like hard such as the CPU, to prevent
drives and optical drives. overheating.

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HARDWARE COMPONENTS

AGP SLOT CMOS BATTERY

Provides a connection for older Powers the motherboard’s clock

graphics cards to enhance video and retains BIOS settings when the
output and processing. computer is off.

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GROUP 4
HARDWARE COMPONENTS

PCI SLOT BIOS

Allows the installation of expansion Initializes hardware during startup

cards like sound cards, network and manages system settings.
cards, or additional ports.

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 GROUP 4
HARDWARE COMPONENTS

PS/2 SLOT HDMI VGA

Connects legacy keyboards Transfers high-definition video Connects the computer to older
and mice to the computer. and audio to displays like monitors for video display.
monitors or TVs.

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HARDWARE COMPONENTS

DVI USB PORT AUDIO PORT

Connects the computer to a Facilitates data transfer and Connects audio devices like
monitor or display, transmitting power supply for external headphones, speakers, or
high-quality digital video signals. devices like flash drives or microphones to the computer.
keyboards.

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 GROUP 4

UNDERSTANDING
TYPES OF DIFFERENT
MOTHERBOARD

10B-PHILEMON Page 10
 GROUP 4

INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS A MOTHERBOARD?
A motherboard is the main printed circuit board
(PCB) in a computer. The motherboard is a
computer's central communications backbone
connectivity point, through which all components
and external peripherals connect. You could also use
a slide like this to capture an important event during
the era. Motherboards can be found in virtually all
computers, especially desktop and laptop PCs.

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TYPES OF MOTHERBOARDS
ATX (ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY EXTENDED)
(1995, USED IN MODERN DESKTOP
COMPUTERS)
DESCRIPTION:
The most common form factor
for desktop computers. It
supports multiple expansion
cards, RAM slots, and storage
devices. It balances size and
functionality, making it a popular
choice for gaming and
workstations.

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TYPES OF MOTHERBOARDS
MICRO-ATX MOTHERBOARD
(1997, USED IN COMPACT DESKTOP
DESCRIPTION: COMPUTERS)

A smaller version of the ATX

motherboard. It supports fewer
expansion slots but still
accommodates standard RAM
and storage devices. Its
compact size makes it ideal for
budget and space-saving builds.

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TYPES OF MOTHERBOARDS
MINI-ITX MOTHERBOARD
(2001, USED IN SMALL FORM FACTOR PCS)
DESCRIPTION:
A compact motherboard
designed for small and efficient
computers. It has limited
expansion slots but supports
standard RAM and storage. Its
small size makes it ideal for
HTPCs, mini PCs, and low-power
systems.

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TYPES OF MOTHERBOARDS
E-ATX MOTHERBOARD
(1998, USED IN HIGH-PERFORMANCE
DESCRIPTION: DESKTOPS AND WORKSTATIONS)

A larger version of the ATX

motherboard. It supports more
expansion slots, RAM capacity,
and multiple GPUs. This form
factor is ideal for gaming,
content creation, and
professional workloads.

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TYPES OF MOTHERBOARDS
XL-ATX MOTHERBOARD
(2009, USED IN HIGH-END GAMING AND
WORKSTATION PCS)
DESCRIPTION:
An extended version of E-ATX
designed for extra-large cases. It
supports more expansion slots,
additional RAM, and multiple
GPUs. This form factor is popular
for extreme gaming builds and
professional workstations.

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TYPES OF MOTHERBOARDS
NANO-ITX MOTHERBOARD
(2003, USED IN EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DESCRIPTION: AND COMPACT PCS)

A compact, low-power
motherboard for space-saving
devices. It supports RAM and
storage but has limited
expansion. Commonly used in
kiosks, smart devices, and
industrial systems.

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TYPES OF MOTHERBOARDS
PICO-ITX MOTHERBOARD
(2007, USED IN ULTRA-COMPACT AND
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS)
DESCRIPTION:
A very small, low-power
motherboard for compact
devices. It supports basic RAM
and storage but has minimal
expansion. Commonly used in
embedded systems, automation,
and portable devices.

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 GROUP 4 PRESENTATION
THOMPSON, JEFF BOLISLIS, KURT

OTINGUEY, CHESNY BOLCIO, DAVID

TAYAB, JOSAT AWINGAN, PRETCHIER

CAYAS, MARJUN MONTES, JARREN

PACALSO, ISAMEL

SINONG, JEFENOME
Page 19