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Three Phase Power Measurement

The document outlines an experiment to measure power in a 3-phase load using the two wattmeter method, aiming to calculate the power factor and percentage error between measured and theoretical values. It details the necessary apparatus, theoretical background, procedure, and includes an observation table for recording measurements. Additionally, it poses review questions to encourage further understanding of the method and its applications.

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Gyanendra
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10 views

Three Phase Power Measurement

The document outlines an experiment to measure power in a 3-phase load using the two wattmeter method, aiming to calculate the power factor and percentage error between measured and theoretical values. It details the necessary apparatus, theoretical background, procedure, and includes an observation table for recording measurements. Additionally, it poses review questions to encourage further understanding of the method and its applications.

Uploaded by

Gyanendra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment No: 03

MEASUREMENT OF 3-PHASE POWER USING


TWO WATTMETER METHOD

AIM:

1. To measure Power drawn by a 3-phase load using 2-wattmeter method.


2. To calculate the power factor of the load from the readings of two wattmeter.
3. To calculate the percentage error (%) between measured and theoretical values.

APPARATUS:
Sl. No Equipment Specification Type Quantity
1 Wattmeter (SPW) 2
2 Variable 3-phase load
3 Voltmeter
4 Ammeter
5 AC Power Supply

THEORY:
Power consumed by a 3-phase balanced or unbalanced load (star connected) can be measured
by using 2-wattmeters properly connected in the circuit. The current coil of the wattmeter are
connected in series with the load in any two line. Whereas the pressure coils are connected
between these two lines and the third line. The phasor diagram of this circuit assuming
balanced 3-three balanced load has been shown in the figure. Under running conditions the
power consumed by the three phase system is the sum of the two individual wattmeter.
Mathematically, the total power consumed,

Where,

Power consumed by wattmeter1=

Power consumed by wattmeter 2=

When the load power factor is less than 0.5 then wattmeter 2 will show the correct deflection
and first wattmeter will show the reverse deflection. In the first wattmeter the current coil or
voltage coil connection is reversed. Thus the wattmeter pointer direction is corrected. The net
power is obtained by adding the two wattmeter readings.
Power angle is given by
Then the power factor of the load can be calculated as:

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

OR

PROCEDURE:

1. Connect one of the circuit asper circuit diagram above (star or delta).
2. Switch on the power supply andincrease to its rated voltage.
3. Vary the three phase load in steps and note down the corresponding meter readings.
4. Reduce the load and power supply, then switch ‘off’ the supply.

OBSERVATION TABLE:
Sl.n VL( V) IL (A) W1 W2 Cos𝟇 Pm= Pt= √3VLILcos Φ Error= (Pt-
o (Watt) (Watt) (pf) W1+W2 (Theoretical Pm)/Pt x100
value)

RESULT & DISCUSSION

Review Questions:
1. Is it possible to measure reactive power in a three phase circuit using this method?
2. What would be the readings of two wattmeter in this experiment, if the load is purely
resistive, inductive and capacitive?
3. If one of the wattmeter reads zero, what is the power factor of the load?
4. If the wattmeter reads in opposite direction, how would you correct it?
5. What are the advantages of power measurement by two wattmeter method?

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