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Unit 5 Intro

The document discusses the synthesis and characterization of nanoparticles, highlighting their unique properties and applications across various fields such as medicine, energy, and environmental protection. It explains the significance of nanotechnology, including its impact on product characteristics and potential advancements in technology. Key methods for characterizing nanoparticles, such as FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TEM, are also mentioned, along with examples of their applications.

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5 views

Unit 5 Intro

The document discusses the synthesis and characterization of nanoparticles, highlighting their unique properties and applications across various fields such as medicine, energy, and environmental protection. It explains the significance of nanotechnology, including its impact on product characteristics and potential advancements in technology. Key methods for characterizing nanoparticles, such as FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TEM, are also mentioned, along with examples of their applications.

Uploaded by

spidey dude
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PARTICLE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Unit V Synthesis and Characterization of Nano particles


Introduction

Synthesis of Nano Particles

Chemical and Physical processing methods

Characteristics of Nano particles

-FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared)

-XRD (X-ray diffraction)

-SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy )

-TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) – Applications

( Rosace nord stained glass in the Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres (France), color
changes depend on the size and shape of gold and silver nanoparticle ).
Introduction to Nanotechnology
The word nanotechnology is an umbrella term and it accommodates

conventional physics,
biology,
chemistry,
materials science and all engineering disciplines.

This new concept in manufacturing makes most products with unique


characteristics, such as

cleaner,
precise,
lighter,
stronger and
less expensive.
Introduction to Nanotechnology
Definition

The word “nano” originates from the Greek word “nanos”, which
means dwarf.

A nanometer (nm) equals 10–9 meter.

Following examples help to create a sense of nano scaled objects:

(i) diameter of one human hair is about 80,000 nm,


(ii) size of the head of a pin is about 106 nm,
(iii) size of an atom is about 1 nm,
(iv) size of a DNA molecule is about 2.5 nm and
(v) thickness of a red blood cell is about 5,000 nm.

’.
Introduction to Nanotechnology
Introduction to Nanotechnology
Introduction to Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology witnessed rapid advances on many fronts including

•materials,
•electronic devices,
•medicine and healthcare,
•biotechnology, biosensors,
•energy storage and
•information technology.

Applications of nanotechnology during the next few decades can


result a very large

•increase in computer speed, enormous storage capacity,


•efficient battery storage,
•reduction in the cost of pure water,
•stainless clothes and
•therapies for different types of ailments
Introduction to Nanotechnology
In general, the size of a nanoparticle spans the range between 1 and
100 nm.

Metallic nanoparticles have different physical and chemical properties


from bulk metals like

lower melting points,


higher specific surface areas,
specific optical properties,
mechanical strengths, and specific magnetizations properties

that might prove attractive in various industrial applications.

However, how a nanoparticle is viewed and is defined depends very


much on the specific application
Introduction to Nanotechnology

The main idea of nanotechnology is the ratio between surface area


and volume.

As you can see while the volume remains the same, the surface area
is increasing.
Introduction to Nanotechnology
Introduction to Nanotechnology
Introduction to Nanotechnology
The optical property is one of the fundamental attractions and a
characteristic of a nanoparticle.

For example, a 20-nm gold nanoparticle has a characteristic wine red


color.

A silver nanoparticle is yellowish gray.

Platinum and palladium nanoparticles are black.

Photographs of the famous Lycurgus


cup which displays a different color
depending on whether it is
illuminated externally (a) or
internally (b)
Introduction to Nanotechnology
Introduction to Nanotechnology
Introduction to Nanotechnology
Introduction to Nanotechnology
In 1974, Nario Taniguchi used the term “nanotechnology” to describe
materials with scales less than a micrometer.

Eric Drexler has given widespread propaganda in popularizing


nanotechnology.

In his book, Engines of Creation (1986), Drexler introduced a world of


tiny machines or assemblers that can construct new structures with
atomic level precision.
Introduction to Nanotechnology
Why so much interest in nanomaterials?

These materials have created a high interest in recent years by virtue of


their unusual mechanical, electrical, optical and magnetic properties.
Some examples are given below:

 Nanophase ceramics are of particular interest because they are more


ductile as compared to the coarse-grained ceramics.

 Nanostructured semiconductors are known to show various non-


linear optical properties. Nanostructured semiconductors are used
as window layers in solar cells.

 Nanosized metallic powders have been used for the production of


gas tight materials, dense parts and porous coatings. Cold welding
properties combined with the ductility make them suitable for metal-
metal bonding especially in the electronic industry.
Introduction to Nanotechnology
Nanostructured metal clusters and colloids have a
special impact in catalytic applications. They have been shown to offer
substantial advantages concerning activity, selectivity and lifetime

Nanostructured metal-oxide thin films are receiving a growing attention


for the realization of gas sensors (NOx, CO, CO2, CH4 and aromatic
hydrocarbons) with enhanced sensitivity and selectivity.

Nanostructured metal-oxide (MnO2) finds application for rechargeable


batteries for cars or consumer goods.

Nanocrystalline silicon films for highly transparent contacts in thin film


solar cell and nano-structured titanium oxide porous films for its high
transmission and significant surface area enhancement leading to
strong absorption in solar cells.

Introduction to Nanotechnology
Environmental Protection

Nanotechnology has tremendous impact on environmental protection, such as


pollution treatment and remediation.

The potential benefits of nanotechnology in environmental protection include


detection, sensing and eradication of contaminates from air, water and soil.

Helps creation of ecofriendly industrial process, which reduces waste


products.

For example, iron nanoparticles can be used to remove chemicals in


groundwater because they react to chemicals more efficiently as compared to
larger iron particles.

Programmable airborne nanorobots can help to rebuild the thinning ozone


layer in the atmosphere.

They can also be used to remove excess CO2 in the atmosphere.


Introduction to Nanotechnology
Food and Agriculture

Nanotechnology will provide new techniques for water filtration as well as


desalination, which will be more economical.

It can also help to improve agricultural yields, and will be much greater than
before.

Bayer Company has marketed an airtight plastic packaging using


nanotechnology to preserve food materials fresher.

Nanotechnology can also help to modify the genetic constitution of the crop
plants, thereby helping improvement of crop plants.

Nanotechnology based plant disease diagnostics help to detect exact strain of


virus and stage of application of some therapeutics to stop the disease.
Introduction to Nanotechnology
Energy

Energy storage, energy conversion, energy saving and effective utilization of


renewable energy sources are some of the important energy applications of
nanotechnology.

Conventional solar cells have low efficiency of light conversion. But,


nanotechnology can help to improve their efficiency using nanostructures with
a continuum of band gaps.

Power consumption for lighting can be reduced considerably by using


nanomaterials based light emitting diodes (LEDs)

Hydrogen based fuel cells are eco-friendly form of energy because their
byproduct is water.

Nanomaterials such as nanotubes, zeolites have a large number of nanosized


pores and hence, such materials are suitable for hydrogen storage.
Introduction to Nanotechnology
Medicine

Medicinal fluids containing nanorobots can be programmed to perform


delicate surgeries, repair cancer cells and mutations in DNA, destroy toxic
chemicals and attack viruses to make them harmless.

Also, nanotechnology tools will help to make biocompatible joint


replacements, which will last for the entire life of the patient.

DNA mapping of the newborn children may help to point out future potential
problems and thereby prevent disease before it takes hold.

The dangerous side effects of chemotherapy and other treatments are mainly
due to inefficient drug delivery systems, which cannot locate their target cells
accurately.

Researchers at Harvard University have reported that it is possible to attach


special RNA strands to nanoparticles filled with chemotherapy drug. Since the
RNA strands are attracted to cancer cells, nanoparticles adhere to cancer cells
and release the drug into them.
Introduction to Nanotechnology
Introduction to Nanotechnology
Introduction to Nanotechnology
Introduction to Nanotechnology
Introduction to Nanotechnology
Introduction to Nanotechnology
Introduction to Nanotechnology
Thank you for your attention!

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