MODULE 5 IN GEC 2

(READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY)

MODULE V – CRITICAL EVALUATION AND PROMOTION OF LOCAL AND ORAL

HISTORY, MUSEUMS, HISTORICAL SHRINES, CULTURAL
PERFORMANCES, INDIGENOUS PRACTICES, RELIGIOUS RITES
AND RITUALS, ETC

CHAPTER INTRODUCTION
It is not enough to know our history. We must also realize that as agent of social
change, we can contribute to the narrative of the nation by participating in writing about
our past and present. This chapter focus on applying the skills we have learned in the
previous chapters in writing history. Special attention will be given to doing online
research, library and archival research, biographies/life history, and local/oral history. We
can also enhanced our interaction and understanding history through historical shrines
and museums helping us appreciate the story of the past as it comes to life through our
own experiences in visiting and interacting with these learning places.

VALUE/THRUSTS INTEGRATION
Valuing of local history

LESSON 1 – LOCAL AND ORAL HISTORY; MUSEUM AND HISTORICAL SHRINES;

CULTURAL PERFORMANCES; INDIGENOUS PRACTICES; RELIGIOUS RITES AND
RITUALS

INTRODUCTION:
This topic will focused on the importance of local and oral history; museum and
historical shrines; cultural performances; indigenous practices; religious rites and rituals
in the context of national history. These sources will be utilized for the students to
understand and be aware of their local histories, cultural beliefs and practices existing in
the local communities.
 Local museums can preserve objects and materials of cultural, religious and
historical importance; historical shrines/landmarks can lead student into a deeper
engagement with historical events and give us an opportunity to develop fuller
appreciation for those who lived before us.
It also give students a chance to learn and appreciate cultural performance,
indigenous practices, religious and rituals prevalent in the locality.

INTENDED OUTCOME/LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the lesson the students will be able to:
1. Document the local histories, cultural shrines and festivities as well as local culture
and traditions;
2. Show concern through promoting and preserving the historical and cultural heritage.

STIMULATING LEARNING (Motivation)

Class, the next lesson that we are going to discuss is about local and oral history.
Can you identify historical sites and cultural traditions in your municipality? Cite one and
give a short description. Is looking into local historical sites and cultural traditions
important? Hence, in deepening your understanding about the lesson, we will proceed
with our discussion.

INCULCATING CONCEPTS (Input/Lesson Proper)

LOCAL AND ORAL HISTORY; MUSEUM AND HISTORICAL SHRINES; CULTURAL

PERFORMANCES; INDIGENOUS PRACTICES; RELIGIOUS RITES AND RITUALS
It is unfortunate that a vast number of Filipino laymen lack interest or
understanding of Philippine history. This may have been brought about by an inadequate
background in history and a general tendency on the part of the people to be less
conscious of the value of the past to their present life. Or, maybe, such ignorance or
apathy may have resulted from the dearth of materials, especially on local history which
is closer to the hearts and minds of the people (Funtecha, The News on Line: Iloilo News
and Panay News, 2002-2006).
 The critical importance of local history in the understanding and the writing of a
truly national history cannot just be ignored. The rationale behind the need to come up
with local history is the realization of the unrepresentative and limited nature of Philippine
history. What is generally considered to be the history of the Filipino people is essentially
the history of Central Luzon, most especially the Tagalogs.
Before there was national history. There was local history National histories
actually sprouted from contributions from local history Local history should follow a
common or a national pattern.

A. LOCAL HISTORY
o The study of history of a particular community or a smaller unit of geography.
o It has broad and dynamic field of inquiry that aims to have an in-depth
understanding of a certain locale.
o It covers recent studies on local institutions like churches, local economies, local
heroes, and local events.
o Serves as a balancer of these tendencies by showing the peculiarities in certain
locales in a particular nation, region or continent.
o History is defined as an organized record of a meaningful past. It is actually a
reservoir of local data and memories of events, realties, and things that provide
the essences of local life.
o From this inexhaustible reservoir people can draw patriotic strength in times of
crisis, inspiration in moments of despair and directions in times of ambiguity and
dilemma.
o Facilitates a historical narrative emanating from the people;
o Studying local history shall provide new provisions and perspectives on the already
established national history.

Local history is history in the local context

o The study of local history provides the foundation and the substance of true
national history
 o It is more than the study of towns, provinces and regions of the Philippines and the
people who live there
o It provides us with the documentation and analysis of the broad processes which
are important to the life of the people
o Local history enriches our understanding of our national history

Local history are basic to autonomy

o Autonomy implies an exercise of freedom with limited control or influence from the
national government
o It provides more room for local initiatives to develop and for local potentials to
progress
o More importantly it encourages creative and innovative responses to development
with people with special talents and potentials

Local history provides the vital task of putting the meaningful essence of
community in space and time
o Here we can see community life in the context of social perspective
o The Philippines has a strong and varied source of local history because it has 16
regions, 78 provinces, 1,537 municipalities, 69 cities, 41,925 barangays and over
a hundred ethno linguistic groups

LOCAL HISTORIES FUNDAMENTAL TO NATIONAL INTERESTS

o By their very nature both help unite the nation as an example of unity in diversity
o National history seeks to bring together all diverse groups
o National interest by reason of national purpose and will should represent the
various localities, sectors, and ethnic groups from Batanes to Tawi-Tawi,
regardless of creed, origin, race and gender.
o Local history is expectedly closest to the people's heart and consciousness
because it reflects their own identity, experiences and aspirations. It is the
interpretative recreation of the past of their locality, embracing its political, social,
economic, and cultural life. This includes the development of the institutions in the
 geographical unit and the successes and failures of its people. Thus, in order to
understand and, consequently, appreciate Philippine history, one should first know
the history of his own locality and its contributions to regional development and
over-all nation-building. One may never achieve a fuller understanding of the
Filipinos and the Philippines if he failed to study the history of his/her town, city,
province or region.

B. ORAL HISTORY
Oral history is important in the midst of scarcity in written sources, historical
documents, and other material evidences. This methods uses oral accounts of historical
subjects, witnesses, members of the community and the like. Oral history primarily relies
on memory. The informant will recount his experiences to the researcher as he
remembers it. In other instances, the informant will relay what he had learned from his
ancestors or older members of the community to the researcher.
Moreover, one cannot discount the importance of oral history in writing the history
of the underprivileged sectors and communities like urban poor and indigenous groups
where records are undocumented. The only alternative for an historian to capture these
information particularly the experiences and the collective past of the communities is
through utilizing oral history.
Hence, local and oral history are important endeavors in the development and
enrichment in the discipline of history. Furthermore, these efforts will fill the gaps in the
discipline by highlighting alternative areas of study and methodology toward a more
holistic, inclusive, and progressive study of the past.

Nota bene:
o Doing local history is not an easy task; historian often faced challenges in locating
sources for local and specific objects of the study.
o One important historical methodology to local history is oral history.
o Local and oral history are important endeavors in the development and enrichment
in the discipline of history.
C. INTERACTING WITH HISTORY THROUGH HISTORICAL SHRINES AND
MUSEUMS
In studying history, research is a valuable tool to learn more about the experiences
of the nation. There exists venues where we can experience history, and these are
through historical shrines and museums. These venue for living history provide us certain
level of authority and trustworthiness that could impact the way we view the past. Through
interacting with artifacts such as World War II rifle or clothes of a Filipino hero, we can
better imagine the past beyond the mere letter and words we read and painstakingly
memorized. These tangible objects are reconstructions of the past; experiencing these
artifacts directly is the next best thing to actually being there when a particular event
happened or when a historical personality lived (Candelaria, 2018).
Historical shrines or land marks and museums serves as portals to the past. These
are important places to visit for the researcher or students in enhancing their
understanding on local histories, nevertheless, visiting these places entails preparations.
Historical shrines and landmarks will further enrich your understanding about the past.
Land marks are structures built by our ancestors embodying the past that enriches our
lives and enhances our understanding of history while creating for us a sense of
continuity. In addition, museums are institutions created in public interest wherein visitors
foster deeper understanding and promote the enjoyment and sharing authentic cultural
and natural heritage. According to Senator Loren Legarda, “Museums are vessels in such
a way that they house our historical, scientific, artistic, and cultural artifacts and treasures
everyone to appreciate, study, and understand. They are repositories of the people’s
skills, talents and knowledge, and ways of life in the past that we need to preserve and
pass on the future generation.”
Shrines and museums are more interactive now, aided by available technologies.
Hence, visiting shrines/land marks and museums is a great chance to analyze the
artifacts since artifacts are also texts that are open for reading, interpretation, criticism,
and evaluation.

D. CULTURAL PERFORMANCE
 An important subject and observable unit in the study of culture and society. This
includes events that occur in everyday life in which a culture’s values are displayed for
their perpetuation: such as rituals, parades, religious ceremonies, and community
festivals.

E. INDIGENOUS PRACTICES; RELIGIOUS RITES AND RITUALS

These are the practices of the remote communities that continued to thrive in their
relatively remote yet self-sufficient communities in which they are able to uphold their
traditions as reflected in their music, dances, rituals, folklore, arts, agricultural and forestry
practices.

ACTIVITY/IES: Conduct a research on any Local history topic in your barangay or

municipality. It could be on historical shrines/ land marks; cultural performances and
indigenous practices; local cultural religious rites, rituals and handicrafts. (indigenous
medicinal practices: pangluy-a, pangbutbut, etc.; pangrara ka makan, etc. or festivities).
This research shall be entitled, “Panalawsaw sa mga Nagriligad kag Paranublion.”
USING/APPLYING KNOWLEDGE (application/integration)
The student will submit a hard copy of their individual research, “Panalawsaw sa mga
Nagriligad kag Paranublion.”

Introduction Body (results and discussion) Conclusion

EVALUATING UNDERSTANDING (Assessment)

I. IDENTIFICATION. Identify what is being asked.
______________________1. An important subject and observable unit in the study of
culture and society that includes events occurring in everyday life in which a culture’s
values are displayed for their perpetuation.
______________________2. The study of history of a particular community or a smaller
unit of geography.
______________________3. Those are structures built by our ancestors embodying the
past that enriches our lives and enhances our understanding of history while creating for
us a sense of continuity.
______________________4. An important method of gathering historical data amidst the
scarcity of written sources, historical documents, and other material evidences.
______________________5. They are repositories of the people’s skills, talents and
knowledge, and ways of life in the past that we need to preserve and pass on the future
generation.”

II. Essay (5 points). Write your answer in not less than 75 words.
1. According to Henry Funtecha, historians – both Filipino and foreign – are not altogether
to be blamed for the kind of Philippine historiography that we had come up with. The
problem is that we are tied with the Western criteria of historical writing based on the
mantra, “no document, no history.” Do you agree/disagree that the absence of
written materials done by Filipinos in their own localities has largely been
instrumental in limiting the tasks of our national historians? Why?
UPGRADING COMPETENCE AND EXPANDING INSIGHTS (enrichment phase)
1. Make an essay on the importance of local and oral history. Why there is a need for
us to conduct a study on local history?
(Note: Scoring Rubric is at the Appendix)

Reference to/Reflection on Value/Thrusts Integration

1. Jose Victor Torres. “BATIS: Sources in Philippine History.” C and E Publishing,
Inc. 839 EDSA, South Triangle, Quezon City, 2018.
2. John Lee P. Candelaria and Veronica C. Alporha. Readings in Philippine History.
856 Nicanor Reyes Sr., St., Sampaloc, Manila. 2018
3. Evelyn J. Grey, Ph.D. and Ryan D. Biong, M.A.Ed. Malones Printing Press and
Publishing House. Door 32, Zerrudo Commercial Complex. E. Lopez St., Jaro,
Iloilo, Philippines, 2017.

APPENDIX

1. RUBRIC FOR GRADING A POSITION PAPER

Criterion Poor Fair Good Excellent

No clear position Position not Clear position Takes a strong,
taken; reasons clearly stated; taken and well defined
undeveloped; no development is defined; some position; uses at
supporting facts brief; unrelated, reasons and some least three
used unsupported details present, appropriate
(0-20) general but not fully reasons with at
Content & statements, developed. least two
Development reasons, and Counter supporting details
50% details; minimal arguments for each reason.
facts used. addressed. Counter
Counter (36-45) arguments
arguments not effectively
acknowledged addressed, w/o
(21-35) undercutting
position (46-50)
Organization and Structure of the Structure is Structure of paper
structure detract paper is not easy mostly clear and is clear and easy to
Organization & from the message to follow. easy to follow. follow. Paragraph
Structure 20 % of the writer. Paragraph Paragraph transitions are
Paragraphs are transitions need transitions are logical and
disjointed and lack improvement. present. maintain the flow
 transition of Conclusion is Conclusion is of thought
thoughts. missing, or if logical. throughout the
(0-5) provided, does (11-15) paper. Conclusion
not flow from the is logical and flows
body of the paper from the body of
(6-10) the paper (16-20)
Paper lacks many Paper follows Paper follows Paper follows all
elements of most guidelines. designated designated
correct Paper is over/ guidelines. Paper guidelines. Paper
formatting. Paper under word is the appropriate is the appropriate
is inadequate/ length. length as length as
Format 10 %
excessive in (3-4) described for the described for the
length. Paper is assignment. assignment.
not double Format is good. Format enhances
spaced. (5-7) readability of
(1-2) paper. (8-10)
Paper contains Paper contains Rules of grammar, Rules of grammar,
grammatical, few grammatical, usage, and usage, and
punctuation, and punctuation and punctuation are punctuation are
spelling errors. spelling errors. followed with followed; spelling
Language uses Language lacks minor errors. Few is correct.
Grammar,
jargon or clarity or includes or no spelling Language is clear
Punctuation &
conversational the use of some errors and precise;
Spelling 20 %
tone. jargon or (11-15) sentences display
(0-5) conversational consistently
tone. (6-10) strong, varied
structure.
(16-20)

2. Rubric for Poem/Poster with Slogan/Cartoons

Criteria 5 4 3 2 1 Total
Message The message is very significant
and correct
Clarity The message is presented very
clearly
Style The style and materials used are
appropriate to the topic/message
Presentation The work is presented artistically
Relevance The data and ideas are very
relevant and meaningful
Legend:
5 – Excellent
4 – Very impressive
3 – Impressive
2 – Needs Revision
1 - Inadequate

3. Rubric for Reaction Paper

Criteria Exceeds Meets Below

Introduction Introduces theme of Introduces theme of Fails to present the
paper, and articles paper and articles theme, or fails to
using rich and effectively provide introduction to
descriptive language. articles
Information summary Provides accurate and Summarizes main Fails to summarize
descriptive, concise points of the articles articles effectively due
summary of article competently and to omission of key
information, effectively accurately. points or inaccurate
summarizing main characterization of
points of articles. information.
Critique Thoughtfully critiques Critiques author(s)’ Fails to effectively
author(s)’ main points, main points, using present critique;
using evidence to back evidence to back up and/or fails to use
up arguments. Critique arguments. evidence to back up
is insightful and arguments; and/or
thorough. uses flawed logic to
support statements.
Conclusion Conclusion presents Effective conclusion is Missing or inconsistent
particularly strong or presented that conclusion.
compelling closing corresponds with
statement that ties introduction.
closely to
introduction.
Organization Information is Information is Missing or ineffective
organized in a fully organized competently, elements.
effective manner; with thesis, supporting
presents strong information and
introduction, conclusion.
expressive body, and
purposeful conclusion
Sentence Structure Sentences effectively Sentences effectively Repeated errors in
constructed with no constructed with 1‐2 sentence structure or
grammatical errors minor grammatical grammar
errors
 Mechanics Spelling, capitalization 1‐2 minor errors in More than 2 errors
and punctuation error‐ spelling, punctuation or
free capitalization

Legend:
Exceeds – 4-5
Meets - 2-3
Below- 0-1

4. Rubric for Critical Analysis Essay

5 4 3 2 1 TOTAL

There is a well-developed
introduction with an attention
grabber that grabs the reader’s
interest and continues to
INTRODUCTION
engage the reader up until the
and
thesis statement. The thesis
CONCLUSION
statement should clearly state
(Background
the experience or event that will
History/Thesis
be described as well as the
Statement)
effect on the writer. Conclusion
should effectively wraps up and
re stresses the importance of
the thesis
Well-developed main
points/topic sentences that
relate directly to the thesis.
(Body
Supporting examples are
Paragraphs)
concrete and detailed. The
analysis is developed with an
effective point of view.
Logical Progression of ideas
with a clear structure that
ORGANIZATION
enhances the thesis. Transitions
(Structure and
are effective and vary
Transitions)
throughout the paragraph, not
just in the topic sentences.
Writing is smooth, skillful, and
STYLE coherent. Sentences are strong
(Sentence Flow, and expressive with varied
Variety, structure. Diction is consistent
Diction) and words are well chosen.
MECHANICS Punctuation, spelling, and
(Spelling, capitalization are all correct. No
Punctuation, errors.
Capitalization)

Legend:
5 – Excellent
4 – Very impressive
3 – Impressive
2 – Needs Revision
1 - Inadequate