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Pre- First
Booklet

Student’s name:
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Topic: Technology
Level: First

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T*e hn*Hoffiy

$pemkáraffi {Paper 4 Parts 3 and 4)

1; er * *.3* *3.*¡' v :'3''* * 3::: *1 *.*; 1¡ Look at the photos and the spidergram and discuss the questions.
I AIL the items rse computer tecbnology. Which have you got/would
you like to have? Why?
2 What are the benefits of each? Are there any d sadvantages?
3 Which could you describe as a groundbreakrng invention? A useful
gadget? An important recent development? An unnecessary luxury?

3D television
drverless cars robots
\t-

What might the benefits of these

items be?

\ po'table
ebook readers
o.rm -o¡r dovices
--

2a Verbs 1-8 are all actions you might perform on a computer. Match
them with their deflnitions (a-h).
1 downoad a make a copy of you r

2 logon b keep for future use

3 c ick (on) work from home and communicate onllne
c
4 cut and paste copy from the lnternet
d
5 telework e make a computer system or network recognise yol
6 back up f rnove to a different place
7 word process g perlorm an action by touching the mouse
B store h produce a wntten document

Which of the actions in Exercise 2a can you do using the equipment

in the box? More than one answer may be possible.
drgitalcamera laptop/tabLet MP3player satnav smartphone

When would you use:

'l head phones? 4 a webcam?
2 a keyboard? 5 an externaL hard disl<?
3 a mouse?

?*
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 What do you use computer technology for (e.g. social
Madule13
5
Technology
E
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networking)? What would your life be like without it?

**n3ab*ye*iv* Éask 4a Look again at the spidergram in Exercise 1. Which piece of
technology do you think is the most important? Why?
trÑ ,' Look again at the spidergram in Exercise 1. Listen to
the interlocutor's instructions for the first part of the task and a
candidate's response and answer the questions.
'l Complete the sentences from the interlocutort instructions.
a NoW l'd like you to talk m r nutes
b Frrst you tas k
c Now, talk to each other about
2 What does the candidate say to check he has understood?
So?
6b ,u Listen to two candidates doing the task and number the
items in the spidergram in the order in which they are mentioned.
Do both candidates participate in the discussion?
d Do you agree with the candidates'points of view?
,t Now listen the interlocutor's instructions for the second
'ffi of the task andtothe
e
part candidates' discussion. Which item do
they choose? Why?

Ñ 'u Listen again to both parts of the task and answer the
questions.
1 What phrases do the cand dates use to express
a strong agreement?
b tentative agreement?
2 Does it matter if the candldates don't completely agreeT
T3:r***wa3od"is*a:ssim:a 5a Look at the questions the interlocutor might ask about modern
F
technology in Part 4. Which ones do you think you would find
h.t{ r- i: ji: i -q:' nT ii: i i: :: ;ii: 1 I'
j
l:.:, .:: il
easy or difflcult to answer? Why?
i.,;-j
=

1 Do you think social networking is a good thing? Why/Why nor?

2 Do you think we are too dependent on electronic technology?
WhyANhy not?
3 Can you imagine life without smartphones? WhyANhy not?
4 What do you think the biggest advantage is of technology for our
health? Why?
5 What item of technology would you like someone to invent? Why?
't:
Ñ ,, Listen to the two candidates'discussion in Part 4 and
EXPERT STRATEGY .i tick the questions in Exercise 5a the interlocutor asks. Did both
Don't just answer questions with candidates participate equally in the discussion? How does the
yes or no. Give your opinions, interlocutor involve the other candidate?
justify them and develop your 6a Work in groups of three. Follow the instructions below.
ideas.
Student 1: You are the interlocutor. Ask each candtdate one
question from Exercise 5a.
Students 2 and 3: You are Cand idates A and B. Answer the
interlocutor's questions and develop your ideas.

Change roles and repeat the task in Exercise 6a.

Task *:xsAvsis
ú Did you follow the advice in the Expert strategy?

71
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 fl¡trodule 5 14 / 201
Technology

Listeffiimg (Paper 3 Part 2)

j-l,*f¡:v* y*r.a iist*n

1 Look at the picture. Do you think this is a typical
modern family? Which of the items in the picture
are important to you and your family? What are
they used for?
5 *:e's *::e s: * * *.a ffa F3 #{i * it
:
2 6'F ', Do the task.

You will hear a journalist called Nina Cooke talking

about the impact that technology has had on her
family. For questions 1-'10, complete the sentences with
a word or short phrase.

Technology and me
Of all her domestic chores (1) is the one
that Nrna drslrkes most. T¡ask arr;*.3ysis

N na has no intention of ever buying (2)

3 Compare and discuss your answers to Exercise 2
online.
V* *.s!:¡"¡3s¿ry: il *i3* r*{i*¡:c
N na stil buys a newspaper because of the (3) 4 Complete the text with the correct form of these
provided.
verbs from the listening text.
Nina believes the convenience of (4) has book catch up pay save take try
saved her money.

Nina is impressed by the (5) at which With most peo

:ople now ('l) the computer very
teenagers communicate by text. nted, it is possible to do many things
much for grant
Nina worries about potential (6) when her online, from (2)
(2) bills to (3) holidays. This
son is absorbed in h s rrusic can (4)_ a lot of time if you are busy, and a lot
a
of money too. ¡. Now that many people have laptops
f he (7) _ she has gained now the family all they are also able
a[ to (5) on their emails and
own MP3s makes Nrna huppy the news whileile they are travelling to work However,

Nina praises the (8) _

faci ity on the computer, although it is convenient
cr to shop online, many
which allows even young children to work on refer to go shopprng for clothes as they
people still pre
their own. want to (6) _ them on and see what they look
like before threy buy.
The possible rmplications of the amount of (9)
required by schools concerns Nina.
*is¿:13ssi*:1
YouTube has given access to videos of favourite 5 Make a list of three appliances or gadgets that
bands from the (.l0)_
for Nina's husband. you think are essential to your life, and three that
you consider an unnecessary luxury.

n*

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 #ilrE 15 / 201

Elglisrr 1 leaper 1 Part 4')

Lead-in Look at three completed key word transformation questions.

Correct the mistakes in the answers and say what language area
is tested in each question.
'l I can't speak Mandarin Chinese.
HOW
I don't know howspeak Mandarin Chinese.
2 Nobody helped her clean the house last week.
H ERSELF
She ht heraelf cleaned the hause last week.
3 Jane decided to wait and only hand in her work at the last minute.
PUT
Jane decided fo put up handina in her work until the last minute.
Key word transformations Do the task.
> ÉXPTRT STRATÉ€i[S ¡:ages i75*'176 'l-6, complete the second sentence so that it
For questions has a similar
meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the
word given. You must use between two and five words, including the
word given.

1 I don't live with anyone else in this house.

OWN
I live in this house.

2 It wont help if Tania goes to see the manager.

POINT
There's to see the manager

3 He loves her and she loves him very much.

EACH
They very much.

4 lt was only after she left that I realised that she was famous
-
WASN'T
It that I realised that she was famous.

5 Unfortunately, nobody would paint the room for me

MYSELF
unfortunately

Caroline was too tired to work anymore, so she stopped.

CARRY
Caroline anymore because she was too tired

Task analysis Discuss the questions about the task.

1 Which question(s) test:
a phrasal verbs?
b reflexives?
c time clauses?
d noun phrases?
2 lf you had wrong answers, what made them incorrect? For example,
did you use too many words?

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 Fr4*dule 5 16 / 201
Technology

Lmxegaamffitr d*wffi3*pmnexa* *
It.* :.d1.
qt :lri:¡'* * c Complete the article with reflexives and object
pronouns (me, them, elc.).
1a Read the information and find examples of the
Ianguage in the exercises on page 73. i'-
I

Robots are not new As long ago as 400 BCE, the

a
i

philosopher and mathematician Archytus burlt I

wooden bird that could fly on its (1) And in

her) the lTth century,Johann Müller created both an iron
. to rnean 'without the help ol others lly and an artificial eagle that couid take to the air by
.
I repatred the televtston myself.
with enjoy,wáen there is no direct object
(2)-
(2)
/^\
robors are
Tl.ese days robots
. These everyw^ere but
a e everywhere I
bu. I

sometimes ask (3) whether they are a good

i

They enjoyed themselves at the party. -

thÍng. There are even robot dogs that we can have as
.
L

wrth by, to mean'alone'

pets but I can't imagine buying one (4) . For a
I

She went to the ctnema by herself .

i

start, I can't believe weh ever manage to cornmunicate

B own
' to mean 'without the heLp of others' with (5) unlike rea anrmals I suppose there is
I

I r"potred rhe telp,tiston on my own. some point rn having a robot helping (6) in our
I

. daily lives lil<e doing the househo d chores that some

]

to mean'alone'
_or doing a mechanica lob in
I

She went to the ctnema on her own. people can't do (7)

. to mean 'be onging to no other person' a factory - but I wou dn't want a robot carrying out a
I

(8)-
i

lwsh I had my (very) own room. delicate operation on rn hospital, would you?
(9)_ !
I

I saw tt wtl.h my own eyes. l'd rather the surgeons did rt

C each other/one another
i

when each of two or more does something to the 2 Discuss the questrons.
other: 1 What things do you preler to do yourself?
They talked to each other/one another They talked 2 Do you like berng on your own?
to tfutves. 3 Do your friends ever argue with each other?

1"" u -1"'ll't ,;'i i ., :1 l:'. '"' 'i'-

b Tick the correct sentences. Correct the mistakes
in the wrong ones.
question word + to-infinitive
'l I used to live for my own. He dtdn't know what to do.
2 My printer turns itself off. question word + clause
3 Can you help myself?
4 Robots can't talk to each one another. They never found out why it had happened
5 h s wds "e, ve'y ow- nvenl on. Do you know how to download these ftles?
6 Have you enloyed you?
7 He found himself in trouble. 3a Read the information above. Then complete the
B Relax yourself I
second sentence so that it has a similar meaning
9 I burlt the model my own. to the first sentence, using the word given.
10 Clare and Rob met themselves last Vear. I M ke can't use a camcorder. how
Mike doesn't a camcorder.
When you've done the things I want you to do
you can go out. what
You can go out when _ want you to do.
We don't know the right pLaces to frnd the
information. where
We aren't sure the information.
4 l'm not sure which person I should believe. who
I don't

Complete the sentences so they are true for you.

'l Next year L have no idea what ...
2 I wish I cou d decrde where ...
3 lt woLrld be usefu rf I knew how to ..

,=
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 .. .== --
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recnnorosv *&ffi
EJse mf Hmglislt 3 {Paper 1 Part 3)
F --*-"i :*
LC"{XL¿' ¡-l: 1 Do you know who discovered:
l penicillin? 2 gravity?
3 the water displacement principle?
\,1r*r* fi:rffiagil:.r* 2a Read the title and text below quickly and complete this summary.
i:j:;1ii j:::_-;, .,. :_i: _i
t

Alexander Fleming discovered (1)_ by accident when he found

that (2) was krllrng the (3) he was growing. He didn't think rt
was an (4) _discovery.

b Do the task. Use the Help notes for support with certain items

For questions'l-8, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of
the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the
beginning (0).

Ffue dssesvery sf pss?seíF$ím {39XSj

One of the most amaziag advances ever made in medicine began with an
(0) unexpecaed event. Sir Alexander Fleming a Scottish bacteriologist, had EXPECT
been conducting an (1)
looking into new ways of killing germs, when INVESTIGATE
he came upon somethingpuzzling n hrs laboratory.
HELP Some mould had (2)
landed on one of the drshes and, lor some ACCIDENT
Do you need
(3)_ reason, had killed the bacteria he was growing. At first he was KNOW
an adjective
(4) by his discovery and grew more of the mould giving it the name DELIGHT

or an adverb?
'penicillin'. However, his (5) _
wore off when he decided that penicrllin EXCITE
would only really be (6)
as an antiseptic against certain skin EFFECT
Do you need (7) and soon ost interest as he believed that antiseptics often did INFECT
a singular or
more harm than good. lt wasn't until ten years later that two other scientisls
plural noun?
managed to isolate the substance that killed the bacteria, and
(B) began to save people's lives with it. In 1945 Fleming and the two SUCCESS
others were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine.

3a Read the text quickly. Why was 'Lucy's baby' so important?

b Do the task. Use the Help notes for support with certain items.

For questions 'l-8, read the text below.

Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the
lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).

'Lucy' (1974) and'Lucy's baby' (2006)

The 3.3 million year old remains of a human-lrke child were (0) oriqinall.y ORIGIN
found rn a block of sandstone in 2000 but it took over five years of (1) _
CARE
work to free the bones..ludging from the (2)
of her teeth, the infant was LONG
probably about three years old when she died. According to (3)
working RESEARCH
> HELP in this area, these remains were (4) _
because of therr completeness USUALand
this gave them a great opportr'lnity to study the (5)
ol one of our distant DEVELOP
: ls the suffix ancestors. Ear ier discoveries, such as the 3.2 mi lion-year-o d foss l of an
-ment or adult female known as'Lucy', were sti l regarded as highly significant but their
- ance? remains were less well preserved Since the specres has a (6)
of ape lrke MIX
: Do you need and human lrke qualities scientists said that the findrngs told us a lot about
a positive our early ancestors. However, their conclusions came in for (7) from
CRITICISE
or negative some people. They said there was (8)
evidence to regard the remains SUFFICIENT
word? as the misslng link between apes and humans.

75
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 &lfoduie 5 18 / 201
Technology

Laxrgaeage dev*X*pmemü 3

F*r::r:ng s:r;Láe;$ 3a Complete the table with nouns formed from the
adjectives in the box.
Look at the examples of nouns formed from verbs.
Then add nouns from the texts on page 75 to the abl€ daFk equal generous ill kind lonely
table. l""g popular real sad strong true wide

-ment -ure -ance -ence

-ness -th -ity
achtevement fatlure asgstance presence
darkne,ss length abiltty
equtpment departure appearance extstence
amusement pleasure performance correspondence

-tion/-sion -er -or

b Complete the sentences with nouns formed from
the words in brackets.
dectston deltvery explorer satlor
I The _ (popular) of travelogues has increased
organtsatton recovery employer supervtsor
recently.
The best travelogues have always been
(describe) of cultures which are new to the writer.
2a Do the quiz. Guess the answers if you don't know. The Hat-lu, a Chinese traveller's account of the
West, was written ln the I Bth century by the writer
Hsieh Ch'ing-kao, who had the
(able) to wrrte
vrvrdly about Europe from a Chinese point of vtew.
Its _
.l
(important) has been widely recognised.
In the 4th century, Moroccan writer lbn Buttuta
spent 29 years travelling and makrng (observe)_
about Africa, Asia and Europe. We can only
imagine the _ (lonely) he must have felt at times.
A Captain Robert Scott
B Roald Amundsen Fá:xr*.sal \r*rhs raritir {:e."*"t*
Who discovered Hawaii? 4a Read this sentence from the text on page 75 and
A the Polynesians choose the correct deflnition for the phrasal verb
B Captain Cook in italics.
Who sailed round Africa first?
A Magellan Their conclu stons came ln for criticism from some
B Vasco da Gama people.
C the Phoenicians A gave B asked for C received
Who attempted to cross the Gibson Desert in
Match the phrasal verbs (1-7)with their
Western Australia in 1874?
definitions (a-g).
A Alfred Gibson i

B corne across a visit (somebody) at home

I

Dr Livingstone
I
1

.-*"**_*_*J 2 come off b find by chance

I

3 come up c hap pen

b Read the sentences and check your answers to 4 come round d succeed
Exercise 2a. Then complete the sentences with 5 come up with e get discovered
nouns formed from the verbs in brackets. 6 come out f get mentioned
1 Norwegian Roald Amundsen reached the South 7 come about C
t) have an idea for sornething
Pole in T 9.1 I
_ (assist) of a determined
wrth the
Complete the sentences with the correct form of
team and through brilliant (organise).
the phrasal verbs in Exercise 4b.
2 The Polynesians discovered Hawaii in 400 CE
1 Did anythrng important at the meeting?
900 years before the Europeans knew of its
(exist). Making such aJourney by canoe was a 2 Tania last night but you weren't in.
remarkable (achieve). 3 l'm sure the truth wrll
one day.
3 The Phoenicians were the first _
(sail) to travel 4 We _some old school photos the other day
round Africa. They completed their.lourney in 5 How drd the accident ?

the seventh century BCE without the technical 6 Jackson's attempt to break the record didn't
(equip)which rs available today 7 ilas anybody any new ideas?
4 The Gibson Desert is named after the
(explore)Alfred Gibson, who died after h s
(faii) to reach a camp n search of help.
/0
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HOUSEHOLD CHORES WORD SEARCH PUZZLE 44
20/ /201
177

Find and circle the words in the word search puzzle and number the pictures

1. wash the dishes

2. dust the furniture
3. vacuum the floor
4. mop the floor
5. do the ironing
6. sweep the floor
7. do the laundry
8. do the cooking
9. clean the windows
1 0. set the table
11. take out the trash
1 2. water the plants
1 3. feed the pets
1 4. do the shopping
1 5. mow the lawn
1 6. fold the laundry
1 7. clean the toilet
1 8. do the gardening
1 9. wash the car
20 . walk the dog

Copyright 29/04/2020 englishwsheets.com. All rights reserved.

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3 INTERVIEWS EXTRA

UPPER INTERMEDIATE UNIT 3

1 OVERVIEW: Watch the video. Do you spend your free time doing similar things to Pasha?

2 Read the paragraph below about what Pasha likes to do in his free time. Then watch the video from 0:12–0:27 and
complete the text.
Pasha
I 1_____________ doing a lot of different
things in my 2_____________ time. Most of
them are to do with 3_____________: I DJ
both in London and 4_____________ and
I try to go to 5_____________ and festivals
whenever I can. How about you? How do you
spend your 6_____________ time?

Glossary: downtime = (informal) a period of time when you have finished what you were doing, and you can relax or
do something that you had not originally planned to do

3 Look at the people below and read about how they spend their free time. Then watch the video from 0:28–1:28 and
match the people to the correct activity/activities.

A B C D
Winston Dee Rachel Nick

E F G H
Florence Charlie Elena Tracey

1 I play football. I play table tennis. I go bowling. F

2 I spend a lot of time walking, running and boxing.
3 I go out with my friends.
4 playing golf
5 I like to watch films.
6 I like to read a lot and I like to draw and make clothes.
7 I run an amateur opera company.
8 going to exhibitions, travelling, going to the theatre

© Pearson Education Limited 2015 1

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3 INTERVIEWS EXTRA

4 How would you spend your free time differently if you had more time, more money or more opportunity? Watch the
video from 1:35–3:24 and write true (T) or false (F) next to each statement.

A B C
Winston Tracey Charlie

He would learn a new sport. _____ She would become more He would learn about his
creative. _____ family and its history. _____

D E F
Rachel Florence Elena

She would go to more She would see more of She would go out to more
concerts. _____ the world. _____ parties. _____

5 What are the benefits to society of giving people more downtime or more holidays? Watch the video from 2:21–3:24
and tick (✓) the things the speakers mention.
1 people would learn more about themselves ✓
2 it would reduce stress and pressure on people
3 people could travel more
4 people would be able to spend more time with their families
5 people would be healthier because they would do more exercise and sport
6 people would become more educated, more intelligent
7 people could learn to become more creative
8 people would be able to develop new interests
9 people would have more friends

© Pearson Education Limited 2015 2

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3 INTERVIEWS EXTRA

6 THE WAY WE SPEAK: The people below talk about things they like doing in their free time. Read the sentences
and fill in the gaps with words and phrases from the video that mean the same as the phrases in the brackets.
Then watch the video from 0:27–1:55 and check your answers.

1 I discovered golf eight years ago and I’m _____________. (I want to play golf all the
time because I like it so much)

Winston

2 I like to watch films; _____________ music. (I like music very, very much).

Dee

3 I _____________. (I do a lot of physical exercise)

Florence

4 During my free time I read, _____________. (I watch the news on my computer)

Elena

5 I spend most of my free time with my friends, just _____________ (meeting up) and
watching films, listening to music.

Tracey

7 PERSONALISATION: Write your answers to the questions.

1 How do you spend your free time?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2 How would you spend your free time differently if you had more time, money or opportunity?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3 In your opinion, what are the benefits to society of giving people more free time or more holidays?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

© Pearson Education Limited 2015 3

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O
Past continuous, pasf perfect simple,
past perfect continuous
Past continuous Past perfect continuous
Form Form
Affirmative: H e was talking to you. Affirmative: She had been working fo r hours.
Question: Were you working at six? Question: Had they been waiting long?
Negative: Sorry, I wasn’t listening. Negative: I hadn’t been feeling well.

Use Use
We use the past continuous: • We use the past perfect continuous to talk
• for actions in progress at a particular time in about something that started in the past and
the past: continued up until another time in the past:
I was watching TV at nine o ’clock last night. They had been climbing fo r five hours before
« for two or more actions happening at the same they reached the top.
time in the past: ° We often use the past perfect continuous to
She was studying while I was watching. emphasise how long a past action, event or
• to set the scene or give background state lasted:
information in a story: I had been feeling sleepy all day, so I went
It was pouring with rain and she was to bed.
wondering what to do.
« with the past simple, to say that something
happened in the middle of something else:
I was sleeping when my friend called.
Q Choose the correct answer.
Past perfect simple 0 Columbus (rfocovere'tfi /was discovering
Form America j hough at first he believed he
Affirmative: They had left at fo u r o ’clock. (had reachecpl had been reaching Asia.
Question: Had the party finished at eleven? 1 Hillary and Tenzing were climbing /had
Negative: I hadn’t seen him before. been climbing for several days when they
Use reached /had reached the summit.
• We use the past perfect simple to talk about 2 Scott reached /was reaching the South Pole in
a past action that happened before another past 1912 but Amundsen had beaten /was beating
action: him by a month.
When I had picked some fruit, I went back to 3 Franklin flew /was flying a kite when he
the beach. m ade /was m aking a very important discovery
• We often use the past perfect simple with when about electricity.
and after. 4 Before Columbus discovered /was discovering
After they had eaten, they cleared the table. America, people were believing /had believed
• Compare: that the Earth was flat.
When I arrived at the party, M ary left. 5 Newton m ade I was making his great discovery
(= I arrived and then Mary left.) while he was sitting /had been sitting under an
When I arrived at the party, Mary had left. apple tree.
(= Mary left and then I arrived.)

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PAS T C O N TIN U O U S, PAST PERFEC T SIM PLE, PAST PER FECT C O N TIN UO US

Q Complete the sentences. Use the past Q Complete the article. Use the past simple,
continuous, past perfect simple or past past continuous, past perfect simple or past
perfect continuous of the verbs in brackets. perfect continuous of the verbs in brackets.

0 They stayed in the tent because it

wa s. (rain). Mark Zuckerberg, creator of
1 The roads were wet because i t .............. (rain) Facebook
all night.
2 He was broke. H e .............. (spend) all his The pre-Facebook years
money on clothes.
3 I .............. (have) a nightmare when the alarm By the time he <°>>egay\. (begin)
went off and woke me up. classes at Harvard, Mark Zuckerberg
4 His hands were covered in oil because he (1)...........(achieve) a reputation as a
(try) to fix the car all morning. programming genius. Before the end of
5 When she opened the window, she was happy his second year at university, he
to see i t ..............(snow) lightly. If fact, it (2)...........(already /design)
.............. (snow) all night and snow ................ CourseMatch, a program that helped
(cover) all the rooftops.
students choose classes based on the
6 When Mrs Morgan came into the classroom, choices other students (3)...........(make).
the pupils.............. (run) around and they
At the time, Mark (4)...........(study)
.............. (scream) at the lop of their voices.
They.............. (knock) over chairs and desks
psychology and computer science.
and someone.............. (draw) funny pictures on
the board. A short time later, he created
7 Although 1 ..............(set off) early, I got there Facemash, a program that let students
late and everyone.............. (wait) for me to select the best-looking person from
start the meeting. Mr Wilson told me they different photos. Until then, students
.............. (wait) for a whole hour. (5)...........(use) books called ‘Face
8 When we got back from our holiday, we Books’, which included the names and
discovered that som eone.............. (break into) photos of everyone who lived in the
our house. The burglars, however,.............. student dorms. Facemash went up over
(drop) a piece of paper with an address on it the weekend but by Monday morning,
as they.............. (climb) out of the window.
the college (6)...........(take) it down
because its popularity
(7)...........(flood) Harvard’s server.
Before Facemash, students (8)...........
(ask) the university to develop a similar
website for months. Mark(9)...........
(work) on a very similar idea when he
heard about these requests, so he
Before John Kennedy became President in 1960, he decided to do something about them -
had said that the state o f the country was bad. When and promised to build a better site than
he became President, he said things were just as bad as what the university (10)...........(plan).
he’d been saying they were.
v

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A B C
The -
You need to show your
The aisle is the
‘passage’ in the is where your bags
before you can get
middle of a plane. are weighed and your
on the plane.
ID is checked.

D E F G
You sometimes have to
If you have The departures board
You take a
baggage, it means that it will tell you which
flight if you’re flying a landing card before
weighs more than what your flight
in your country. you go through
the airline permits. is leaving from.
passport control.

H I J L
You can get A flight which goes
You can usually only take It’s to
when across continents
one item of bring plants or fresh
you travel between is usually called a
-luggage with you onto fruit and vegetables
several time zones and -
the plane. into some countries.
feel very tired. flight.

M N O P
You have to go through Most people book When you arrive at your
Sitting next to
a their flights and hotels destination, you need to
children
detector to check nowadays,
on a long flight can
that you aren’t carrying although some still go your bags at
be very annoying.
a weapon. to a travel agent’s. Baggage reclaim.

Q R S T
Everybody has to go
During a flight, there
You often have through
The is might be some
to to before getting into the
where the planes , when the
get through departure lounge to make
take off and land. plane can move up and
passport control. sure they’re not carrying
down quite violently.
prohibited items.

U V W
When you get back You need a
You sometimes have
home, you have to to get into some
to for
your countries if you’re not
a long time if your
suitcase and put your from there, e.g.
flight’s delayed.
clothes away. Russia and the USA.

ACTIVATION
In pairs, go through the alphabet and remember the words about air travel.
220
English File fourth edition Teacher’s Guide Upper-intermediate Photocopiable © Oxford University Press 2020

4039819 EF4e Upper Int PCM_4pp.indb 220 05/11/2019 10:29

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UNIT 4
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s© arad su ch ; £©©y en ou gh , weiry

so and suc/i
We use so and smc /x in different ways, in the following patterns:

Form Meaning/Use Example

SO

so + adjective/adverb very, extremely It’s so hot in here!

She could run so fast!
to such a great degree or amount Don’t look so angry.
Don’t walk so fast!
so + adjective/adverb to emphasise the degree or My car is so old (that) I can’t get any spare
(+ that) amount of sth, by saying what parts for it.
the result is She drives so fast (that) nobody can keep up
with her.
so many/much/little/few to emphasise the degree or How did you make so much money?
amount of sth
so many/much/little/few to emphasise the degree or There were so many people queuing outside the
(+ that) amount of sth, by saying what theatre (that) we went back home.
the result is
such
such + adjective + plural/ very, extremely She’s got such lovely hair!
uncountable noun They’re such good friends.
such + adjective + plural/ to emphasise the degree or They’re such good friends (that) they tell each
uncountable noun amount of sth, by saying what other everything.
(+ that) the result is
such a/an + adjective + very, extremely It was such a beautiful day!
singular noun
such a/an + adjective + to emphasise the degree or It was such a hot day (that) we decided to go
singular noun (+ that) amount of sth, by saying what for a swim.
the result is

to o , e n o u g h , v e ry
• Too means ‘more than is acceptable or ° We do not use very with adjectives that already
possible’. Very means ‘a lot’. Compare: have a strong meaning:
I was too tired. (= so I couldn’t do any work) Mono Park in Tokyo is very huge. X
I was very tired. (= but I could still do some M eno Park in Tokyo is huge. /
work) M eno Park in Tokyo is absolutely huge. /
1-wm-too happy when I received your email. X
I was very happy when I received your email. S S ee also: ^

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SO AND SUCH; TOO, ENOUGH, VI HY

We use too and enough in the following patterns:

Form Example
enough + noun Do we have enough cheese for a pizza?
enough + noun + fo-infinitive Do you have enough money to buy the book?
not + adjective/adverb + enough You’re jiot driving fast enough! We’ll be late!
not + adjective/adverb + enough (+ for sb) + I ’m not clever enough to study medicine.
fo-infinitive She didn’t explain it clearly enough for everyone to
understand.
e
too + adjective/adverb I can’t drink this - it’s too hot.
too + adjective/adverb (+ for sb) + fo-infinitive The coffee was too hot to drink.
He walked too quickly for the children to keep up with him.

Q Match 1-6 with a-g to make sentences.

0 The pianist played so badly that H a I don’t have to do much to keep it clean.
1 The kids were so tired that □ b they went straight to bed.
2 The food was so bad that □ c she never wears the same thing twice.
3 She’s got so many clothes that □ d his teeth will rot.
4 It’s such a tiny kitchen that □ e the audience walked out.
5 He eats so much sugar that □ f I couldn’t concentrate.
6 They were making so much noise that □ g nobody could eat it.

Q Choose the correct answer.

0 We had to pay a such /(suchjphigh price for coffee in London!
1 Passing my driving test was so /such a relief.
2 W e’re having such /such an awful weather that we can’t go for a swim.
3 We had so / such a terrible time that we swore we wouldn’t do it again.
4 She loved him so /such deeply that she couldn’t bear it when he was away.
5 There were so /such few people there they nearly
cancelled the performance.
6 The film was so /such a boring I wanted to leave.
7 I had so /such many things to do I didn’t know where
to start.
8 It was so /such a lovely day we decided to have a picnic
in the park.
9 There was so /such much noise I could hardly hear
myself think!
10 Joe was so /such an angry that he started shouting at me.

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I Complete the sentences. Use too, enough or very.

0 It’s much .. .+£<?... hot in here - turn the heating down.
1 If you’ve h a d ..............food, I’ll take the plates away.
2 She doesn’t speak Spanish w ell.............. to order a meal on her own.
3 The food was m u ch .............. salty to eat.
4 That’s a .............. beautiful piece of music. What is it?
5 She was speaking.............. fast for us to understand what she was saying.
6 It seems that she isn’t good ..............to be in the team.
7 I don’t have.............. room to put them up.
8 The film w as............. good - I wouldn’t mind seeing it again.
9 W e’r e ..............different characters; I don’t know how we’ll manage to get on.
10 Your test w as............. good; well done!

Q Complete the second sentence so that it has a sim ilar meaning to the first
sentence, using the word given. Use between two and five words. Do not change
the word given.
0 I was almost two hours late because there 6 Craig’s marks were too low for a place at
was heavy traffic. Harvard.
SUCH HIGH
There was heavy, .fjr tffftc . I Craig’s m arks......................for a place at
was almost two hours late. Harvard.
1 I didn’t have the strength to carry the case 7 If there had been fewer people in the queue,
on my own. we would have waited.
HEAVY so
The case w as......................carry on my own. T h ere......................in the queue that we
2 The shelf is too high for me to reach. decided not to wait.
TALL 8 He couldn’t sleep because the coffee was very
I’m ......................the shelf. strong.
3 I cried because the film was sad. so
THAT The coffee..................... he couldn’t sleep.
The film w as......................I cried. 9 If this soup was not so hot, I could eat it
now.
4 Nobody can believe she’s Spanish because
her English is very good. FOR

WELL This soup i s ..................... eat now.

S h e ......................that nobody can believe 10 The ticket was too expensive for us.
she’s Spanish. ENOUGH

5 My brother’s too young to vote. We didn’t ...................... a ticket.

OLD
My brother......................vote.

An acquaintance is someone you know well enough

to borrow from but not well enough to lend to.

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W ORD S T O R E

Food and restaurants

Q Complete the words in the text.

A v e g e t a r i a n is s o m e o n e w h o e ats o n l y (0) v e g e t a b l e - s , b r e a d , f r u i t , e g g s , e t c . and

d o e s n ' t e a t ( 1 ) m ..................................... H o w e v e r , s o m e d o e a t (2) f . ................................ , w h i c h I f in d
s t r a n g e . O t h e r s e a t c h ic k e n b u t n o t (3) r. ................................ m e a t . A v e g a n d o e s n 't e a t m e a t ,
fish o r a n y (4)d ...................................p r o d u c ts such as e g g s , m ilk a n d (5)c.........................................T h e y d o
e a t f r u i t a n d (6)n..................................... A ( 7) g...................................... k n o w s a l o t a b o u t f o o d ^ a n d e n j o y s
g o o d f o o d a n d (8)w ......................................A (9) c...................................... is s o m e o n e w h o p rep ares a n d
c o oks f o o d in a h o t e l or (1°)ir....................................

Q Complete the table. Write the words in the box in the correct column.

apple aubergine bacon basil beef cabbage cauliflower chicken chives

chop coconut cod coriander courgette cucumber fig grape haddock
joint lamb lettuce liver lobster mackerel mango mussel mutton
nectarine octopus oregano parsley plaice plum pork prawn rosemary
salami salmon sardine satsuma sausage shrimp spinach squid
strawberry thyme trout watermelon

Vegetables Fish Herbs Seafood Fruit Meat

apple

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WORD STORE

Match 1-12 with a-m to make compound nouns.

0 hot a cookie
□
a
1 roast b beef
2 shepherd’s □ c eggs
3 chop □ d rolls
4 spring □ e chops
5 fish and □ f hole
6 spaghetti □ g dog
7 lamb □ h pudding
8 fortune □ i chips
9 toad-in-the- □ j sour pork
10 bacon and □ k pie
11 Yorkshire □ 1 Bolognese
12 sweet and □ m suey

Q Match the dishes (1 -8 ) with the definitions (a-i).

0 hot dog a a Spanish dish made with rice, meat, fish and vegetables
□
a
1 custard b a sweet yellow sauce that is made with milk, sugar, eggs and flour
2 moussaka □ c a Scottish dish that looks like a large round sausage
3 stew □ d a soft mixture of chickpeas, oil and garlic
4 paella □ e meat and vegetables cooked slowly in liquid
5 Christmas pudding □ f a cooked sausage served in a long bread roll
6 apple crumble □ g a sweet dish that contains a lot of dried fruit
7 hummus □ h a Greek dish made from meat, cheese and aubergines
8 haggis □ i a sweet dish of fruit covered with a dry mixture o f flour, butter
and sugar and baked

Q Choose the correct answer.

0 It’s best to fry)/grill an omelette in a deep pan.
1 Potatoes are delicious if you roast /bake them in their jackets.
2 Steamed /Fried vegetables are very healthy.
3 Barbecued /Roasted meat tastes better if you cook it slowly in the oven.
4 Put the trout under the barbecue I grill for ten minutes.
5 M elt /Boil the butter and then add in the sugar and milk.
6 Put some oil in the pan and roast /sauté the onions for five minutes.
7 I love the smell of baked /barbecued lamb chops from next-door’s garden.
8 Roast /Boil the cabbage for twelve minutes.

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W O RD STORE

Q Complete the words in the text.

H
ave you been to 'Bar None? We went yesterday and it was great. I'm glad we
had (0)b.pelted. because the restaurant was full. I asked the (1)w................... to

bring us a wine (2>l....................so that we could decide what to drink. For my

<3>s.................... , I chose garlic mushrooms and for my main (4)c....................., I ordered
a casserole with pork (5)c.................... . sage ari'd white wine. For (6)d................... .. I had
creme
had to caramel
pay cashwith ice cream.
because I asked our
they wouldn't takewaiter to bring cards.
(8) c.................... the (7) b....................and
I left the waiter I
n m > o 3 la r n p (9) t a c T w a s ir p n r n lp a s p d w i t h f h p (10) c

Q Choose the odd one out.

0 water cola (bread) wine juice
1 meal food cuisine feast corkscrew
2 wine starter main course appetiser dessert
3 boil fry bake bowl grill
4 slice boil chop grate peel
5 salty savoury pan sweet bitter
6 dish meal bowl plate cup
7 courgette mushroom bean plum broccoli
8 bill tip receipt menu cheque

Q Complete the sentences. Use one word in each gap.

0 She served a wonderful m ea l........+P .........more than thirty guests.
1 If the goods are faulty, take th em ..................... to the shop.
2 Try to cut d ow n..................... cakes if you want to lose weight.
3 W e’ve r u n ..................... o f sugar; can you get some from the supermarket?
4 Serve the steak..................... potatoes and peas.
5 I didn’t feel like cooking, so we phoned.................... a pizza.
6 She took the pie out o f the oven and sprinkled the to p ..................... cheese.
7 If you clear the table, I’ll w ash..................... .
8 You can leave the table when you have eaten..................... all your food.
9 There’s no food in the fridge - let’s g o .................... to your mum’s house.
10 I’m taking my girlfriend.................... to dinner this evening.

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UNIT 5
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Grammar
Z e m ff first and second condlilQ®Biais

Conditional sentences have two parts: the ♦ i f + present continuous —►will/modal verb/
conditional clause, which begins with i f (or other imperative
words such as when, unless, etc.), and the main I f y ou ’re leaving, I’ll com e with you.
clause. Conditional sentences follow basic patterns. ♦ i f + present perfect -> wz7//modal verb/
imperative
I f you’ve fin is h e d your homework, you can
g o out.
♦ i f + present perfect continuous —> will/modal
Zero conditional
verb/imperative
» We use the zero conditional to talk about If she’s been w aitin g for ages, she m ay g et
things that are always or generally true as a worried.
result of an action. ♦ imperative + and/or —►wz'W/modal verb
» T o form zero conditional sentences, we use: E at less a n d y ou ’ll lose weight.
i f + present simple -> present simple: » We can also use the following words and
W hen water freezes, it turns to ice. phrases in first conditional sentences:
I f you m ix red and blue, you g et purple. ♦ (just) in case: This means ‘because it is
» The conditional clause can come before or after possible that’ and it usually comes after the
the main clause. When it comes first, we put a main clause:
comma after it: Ann will bring you a coat in case it gets cold.
When I travel by boat, I often get sick. ♦ p rov id ed/p rov id in g (th at), as long as:
I often get sick when I travel by boat. These phrases mean ‘on condition that’:
P rov id ed you rest, y ou ’ll feel better soon.
First conditional ♦ unless: This means ‘if not’:
I f y ou d on ’t leav e now, you ’ll be late.
° We use the first conditional to talk about
—> Unless y ou leav e now, y ou ’ll be late.
possible actions or events in the future.
»T o form first conditional sentences, we use:
i f + present simple —►will + infinitive: Second conditional
I f it rains, w e’ll stay at home. • We use the second conditional to talk about
» Other structures are also possible in first unlikely events or situations in the future, or
conditional sentences: improbable/impossible events or situations in
♦ i f + present simple - * modal verb the present.
I f you p ro m is e to behave yourself, you can = To form second conditional sentences, we use:
com e. i f + past simple + would + infinitive:
» i f + present simple -> be going to I f I h a d enough money, I w ould retire.
I f you d o n ’t w ork hard, you’re goin g to fa il. ° In the main clause, we can also use could or
♦ i f + present simple - » imperative m ight instead o f would:
I f you n eed anything, just ask. I f I lost my job, I m igh t go abroad fo r a while.
» In the if clause, we can use were instead o f was:
I ’d quit my jo b i f I w ere rich.

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ZERO, FIRST AND SECOND CONDITIONALS

@ Complete the second sentence so that it has

a similar meaning to the first sentence, using
the word given. Use between two and five
Complete the sentences. Use the correct words. Do not change the word given.
form of the verbs in brackets.
0 She has to do this herself because she doesn’t
0 If she f h o v s e s (phone), I’ll let you know. have a secretary.
1‘ If I .............. (not be) busy, I’ll come. - HAVE
2 If h e ..............(be) careful, he wouldn’t break She .. Would/db have f o d p .. this herself if
so many things! she had a secretary.
3 If we didn’t have to work late, w e .............. 1 I’ll let you borrow my laptop if you promise
(join) you. to be careful.
'I If she breaks that vase, Grandma.............. LONG

(be) furious! You can borrow my laptop...................... to be

careful.
5 Unless y o u .............. (stop) wasting time, I’m
leaving right now! 2 I can’t help you with your homework because
I’m not very good at maths.
6 I can’t help you if y o u .............. (not give) me
COULD
more information.
If I were better at m aths,...................... you
7 If a fire .............. (start), the alarm goes off. with your homework.
H Y o u .............. (should / make) your own food 3 If we win the elections, we will build more
if you don’t like my cooking!
schools.
9 .............. (take) more exercise and you’ll feel PROVIDED
much better soon. We will build more schools...................... the
10 If it wasn’t raining, w e.............. (go) for a walk. elections.
4 They won’t let you into the theatre without a
Write two sentences for each item. ticket.
UNLESS
0 we / leave at eight, we / arrive on time
They won’t let you into the theatre
likely: i f . We. .leave .a+. eigWf,. We.'ll. .avnriye
...................... a ticket.
pv\. +hy\e.....................................................................
5 Bring your sun cream because we may decide
less likely: I f . We. . l e f t .a+. eight,. We'd..........
to go for a swim.
!fl.'r.vT!Y©. &Y\. t ’w .e . ....................................................
CASE
1 I / not be busy, I / pick you up Bring your sun cream ...................... to go for a
likely:............................................................................ swim.
less likely:....................................................................
2 you / fall, you / break your leg
likely:............................................................................
less likely:....................................................................
I we / not leave now, we / be late
likely:............................................................................
less likely:....................................................................
<1 you / get the job, we / have a party
likely:............................................................................
less likely:....................................................................
'< Ilie questions / be easy, everyone / pass the test
likely:............................................................................
less likely:....................................................................

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 : ::lilri,il:ii:::,:: T
'':l¡$r1 ll
,:'
127It .+.,
103
'::¡¡' .. / /201177
*
: : ltt I

r+.! l
,.,,,:,:i::ti:i:li-:!:::: 1

.: : !:i:::: *

t*
?*#q:A'as*ff {Feper 4 Fmrt 3}

Match the photos (A*D) with the stages of education (1-4). At

what age do you go to schools,/colleges in your country?
'l nursery school
2 primary schoo
3 secondary school
4 col ege/universrty
2a Which of the photos do you associate with the words and phrases
in the box?
continuous assessment currlculum degree exams head teacher
higher education homeworl< lecturer p aygror'lnd p aygroup
strictdiscrpline tLrtoria rndergraduate lniform

'r'r gtt¿"rline the stressed syllable(s) in each of the words and

:,. ,.1
phrases in the box in Exercise 2a. Then listen and check your
answers.
Look at the subjects in the box and discuss the questions.
drama economlcs engrneering hi*ory anguages mathematics
phl osophy science sociology
'l Which of the srbjects have you studied? At what age did you study
them? Whrch would you lil<e to strdy?
2 What s a person called who specialises in each of the sub;ects?
Underline the stressed syl able in each word
3 \A/h ch sub¡ects are/were you good at at school? Which do/drd you
enjoy most?
4 Which ones would be the most/ east usefu in future ife?
Complete the texts with the correct form of the verbs in the box.
apply attend do lail get pass pay resit rev se skrp strdy

I hated maths at school. I drdnt do any of the homework, never

(1) attention to the teacher and (2)_ classes whenever I could.
Of course, the first time round I (3) rxy exams and had
to (4) them the followíng year. Luckiiy, | (5)_ them the second
time and decided to (6) to one of the better universities. l'm there
now and I am (7)_ very well - studying mathsl

Marc's very bright. l'm sure he'll(8) a good degree, even though
he doesn't (9) very hard Of course, he hardly ever
(10)__ lectures or (11) the things we've done. I sometimes
resent the fact he's so clever!

,t_. tx What sort of student are,/were you? What arelwere the good and
bad things about the schools you golwent to?
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Earning a living

ecilaborative task 6a 6b ot Look at the spidergram and listen to the interlocutor,s

-"'i -" instructions for the first part of the task. What are the
"-"" -' """
EXPERTSTRATEGY i candidates required to do?
^ a collaborative task, it's
-Dortant to give your opinion and
more teachers i
up-to-date extra sports
so to ask for the other person's
' facilities
::,nion and respond to it. ., :qu¡9*":.1,., ú¿q a:l!:r+rir;¡¡ tr¡ ¡r"r! ¡¡-l!.:itii: ri ¡.

better quality bigger spaces :

food for play and I
relaxation i

ffi o.
Read the strategy and listen to two candidates doing the
first part of the task. Which points of view do you agree/disagree
with? why?
* Lirt"n again and complete the phrases the candidates use
'gGgive opinions, agree
to or disagree.

Giving opinions Well, (1) they would beneftt a

great deal from
For (2) _ , tt would be the
(3) _ change in a day school.
Expressing strong I coutdn'r (4) _
agreement rhaft (5)
Expressing tentative Yes, I (6) so
agreement
Expressing partial Yes, I agree (7) _, but
agreement
Disagreeing Actually, / (8) _ smaller classes
would ...
Do you thtnk so? lm (9)
I knaw (10) _ many students are
nat ...
No, / (11) so much.

In the next part of the task, you have one minute to try to come to
an agreement. Look at the spidergram in Exercise 6a again. Work
in pairs and decide which change would have the most benefit.
Task eclslsr$is I Did you follow the advice in the strategy?
*iscr¡ssi*s?. 9a Look at the statements and decide whether you agree with them.
'l Schooldays are the happiest days of your life.
2 We can learn more from computers than from teachers.
3 Schools don't prepare chiidren for'the real world'.
4 Life experience is more useful than college or university

Discuss the statements in Exercise 9a. Give reasons for your

opinions.

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Earning a living

Lás**más?ffi {Paper 3 Fart 4}

la Discuss the questions.

1 How does being at college/university differ from being at school?
2 What do you think the positive and negative aspects might be ol
continurng your educat on rather than getting alob?

Read questions 1-7 in Exercise 2 below (but not the options yet)
and mark the key words. The first two have been done for you.
What do you think the answers might be?
F,T erl lipl *',:: * c,-]i ¡,: *i 2 í"r1-5 o' Read the strategy and do the task.

You will hear a radio interview with a student called Leanne Wilson, who
EXPFRT STRATEGV is talking about her first weeks at university. For questions 1-7, choose
. Read the instructions for the best answer (A, B or C).
infclrmation about the speaker 1 What advice does Leanne give abort getting to know people in
and what they will tall< about. the first weeks at un versity?
, Read the questions and options A Jorn lots of different sports c ubs
antj mark the key worcis. B Avoidludging people on first mpress ons
, Liste n for the answer to each C Make friends with people studying the same sub;ect as you.
queslion. The questir:ns foilow 2 What does she regret about her frrst week at university?
the orcier of the text. A not having more fun
. Choose the option which is B not doing more work
closest to what lhe speaker C not saving her money
says. Listen for paraphrases of 3 Leanne chose not to ive at home because
the words and phrases in the A her parents discouraged her.
^^+;^^-
vPrrvr rJ. B it was too far to travel every day.
. During the second listening, C she wanted to be independent.
check that the other options 4 Leanne was able to manage frnancrally at university by
aren't possible. A cutting down on her social ife.
. To help identify opinions, lisien B getting an evening,lob
for expressions of agreement and C finding ways of economising.
disagreement ie.g. I {don't)think.." , 5 What rs Leanne's opinion on attending lectures?
ln my opinton ... , Yes, A lrs -ot worrÁ going
absaiuLely ... , Í'm sorry, bu{ .. ,
B They are useful as an introduction to the sub_1ect.
Yes, that's true ... )" C You should make detal ed notes.
6 What did Leanne find difficult about working wrthout supervision?
A -anaging he'ti-e
B motivat ng herself
C understanding the task
7 What did she find difficult about university ife?
A being away from her family
B having to cook for herself
C getting stressed by work

'Jli:-sli iil: *-!';'5!i; 3 Compare and give reasons for your answers.
*:,s*r¿gs!** 4 Discuss the question.
What advice would you give to school-leavers starting higher education?
=u;": * ai:"rr'i *.:' y : i; {¡ I i i: * ¡:.ti * sr :+ Match the verbs (1-B) with the words or expressions they went with
(a-h) in the interview.
igo A COSTS

2 make b advantage of something

3lorn c time (on something)
4 take d on your own two feet
5 cut e around (a sublect)
6 read f a club
7 waste g wrong
3* 8 stand h fr ends
 Us* mf ffixag3áshs á (Faper tr parr z)
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177
ffi
L*,*l.i-;:: I Look at the photo below. What do you know about Albert
Einstein?
{,rp*:"r *l*s,.F 2a Read the text in Exercise 2b quickly and answer the questions.
Ignore the gaps at this stage.
:XPERT STRATEGY I ln what fleld ls Elnstern famous?
. Qead the title and text quickly
2 What problems did he have as a student?
for
a general understanding. lgncre b Read the strategy and do the task. Use the Help notes for support
-L^
LIe --^-
BdPs. with certain items.
' Decide what type of word is
nrssing in each gap {a noun? an For questions 1-8, read the text below and think of the word which best
article? a verb?). fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the
' ?ut only one word in each space beginning (0).
and do not use contractions
,sn't, doesn't, elc.). Albert Einstein
' -'\vays write something. (r879-r955)
' iead the text again and check
.i¡at your answers make sense Albert Einstein is (0) one of the best-
. nd are correctly spelt. known scientists of the 20th century
Yet he was not (l) particuiarly
good student. At school in Munich,
> HELP he got reasonable grades tn nearly
- s text some gaps require e/the ar (2) sub.Jects and was outstandtng
in mathematics and physics but he
= -:rminer
, (all, balh, rrosf, etc.) of
-'= kind. disliked doing (3) _ he was told.
He didn't like exams and (4)_ did
--:ose betwe en a and rhe. Think he like attending classes, so he left
. - :ut the difference. school early.
- -
-:ose a determiner that
- - rbines with nearly and a plural
(5) lai ing the entrance exam, Einstein was eventually admitted
-_,.n. to (6) _ Swiss Federal lnstrtute of Technology in Zaricá in .1896.
^ ch wordE can be used to Although he did fair y well, he was unable io get aJob in a universtty
atter graduation, main y because he was thought to be extremely
. -: one negative statement to
lazy lnstead, he worked in a secondary school, (7) _he taught
. - ::her?
mathematics and phystcs both of which he was good at.

Some two years later, in 19a2, Einstein got alob as a low grade clerk
in Bern. In 1905 his special theory of relatrvity (8) publrshed - one
of the greatest intellectual achievements in the history of human
thought.

T*¡*k ¡t.,**i's':;it c Discuss the questions about the task.

1 Whlch questions test articles and determiners?
2 Whlch one of these is also tested?
a the present perfect
b the passive
3 Which questions did you find drfficult? Why?

1l¡i:;r:r:rs*i*, t:

3 IslWaq your school career similar to Einstein's? In what way is/

was it different?
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Use of English 2 (Paper 1 Part 3)

Lsad-in 1 Discuss the questions.
'l Have you got a good memory? What kind of things do you forget?
2 What techniques do you use to help you remember things?
Wcrd f$rmatiosl 2a Read the article in Exercise 2b quickly and answer the questions.
Ignore the gaps at this stage.
1 What can be stressful for students at exam time?
2 What suggestions are there for improving your memory?
b Read the strategy and do the task. Use the Help notes for support
with certain items.

For questions'l-8, read the text below. lJse the word given in capitals at
the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the
same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Remembering for exams

:XPERT STRATEGY It's frustrating for everybody not to be able to
" :ead the title and whole text remember things but havrng a bad memory can be a
''st for general understanding. particular (0) disadvantaae for students at exam time. ADVANTAGE
:nore the gaps. Anyway, I did a search on the internet and found
" i:ad each sentence. What (1)_ ideas for improving your rf emory. One idea I COUNT
. .rd of word is needed in each thought part¡cularly (2) _ was that we should try and VALUE
.ap? (a noun? an adjective? an use all our senses when given information to learn.
.:',,erb? a verb?) So for example, rnstead of reading (3)_ , we should SILENT
' l-ange the form of each word record the materiai and then listen to it. Apparently
: ^ the right to fit the space. the (a) i of speaking and listening helps reinforce COMBINE
. ::ad the whole text again. the (5)_ text Another theory, which some people WRITE
l'eck it makes sense. might find (6)_ , is that there is a greater LIKELY
. l^eck your spelling. lt must be (7) _of our memorising something successfully if POSSIBLE
-: rrect. we do it when the house is (8) and, preferably, PEACE
just before bedtime.
D I'{ELP

* Task effiely$is
: = .','ords might need a prefix or a
-- , and some might be negative.
3 Discuss the questions about the task.
- : cse from these suffixes to
1 Are there any answers you would like to check rn a dictionary?
- a'rge this verb into an adjective:
2 Which answers required:
:'-less, -ate.
a nouns?
- : cse from these suffixes b adjectives?
: :range ihis noun into an c adverbs?
:,:ctive. -able, -less, -ful, -est. 3 Which answers required
:-e missing word an adjective a a suffix?
- ar adverb? b a negatrve prefix?
:".: participles can be used as
4 Which questions did you find difficult? Why?
--:ctives when they come before
-lr¡o. $iscr¡ssian
4 Do you agree with the ideas in the text?
How do you revise for exams?

xe
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Earnrng a living

*
fI
.f- *"aa..gx*a W# {É*\r *} * g.* set* mfl

t:
2a Match the phrasal verbs in italics in the sentences
(1-10) with their definitions (a-j).
A Suffixes: 1 The prrncipal handed in h s resignatÍon.
'l Sometlmes we add a suffix to lorm an adiective 2 The students turned up late for class.
suit (verb) --+ suttable (ad.lect ve) 3 The teacher gotáer rdeas across very well.
health (nou n)' healthy (adjective) 4 We worked ou¡ the answers very easily.
2 Sometlmes the stem has to change. 5 le stayed on at univers ty another year.
dectde(verb) ¡ dectsive (ad.1ective) 6 got down to work as soon as I arrlved.
beauty (noun) t beauttful (adlective) 7 A taxr ptcked them up and took them to college.
Sometimes we make internal changes: B She kept up wilh the other students
freeze (verb/noun) -+ frozen (adjective) 9 We carned ou¡ a survey on staff attitudes.
heat (verb/noun) -r ¡o¡ (adjective) l0 He went over the exercise with hts str'ldents.

We can add a prefix to change the meaning of an

a arrived
adjective: b co lected
regular t irregular; honest t dishonest (opposite) c managed to understand
national ¡ internattonal (between) d managed to do as well as
e drd
f checked
1a Complete the sentences with adjectives formed g gave to a person in charge
from the words in brackets and one of the suffixes h communlcated
in the box. i started
j remained

'l
That boy rs naughty but he's (harm). Complete the sentences with the correct form of
2 lfs (nature) for a child to be like that the phrasal verbs in Exercise 2a.
sometimes.
1 Lt was a very quiet party !aLf the guests never
Despite his rllness Paul made the
(courage) atal l

decision to sit hrs exams.

2 Are you after class tonrght or going home?
and(chi d) 3 Who's gorng to that experrment?
Beth often behaves n a very sil y
4 We're try ng to the best way to rneet
way
some (help)suggest ons students' needs
Cur teacher gave us
about studyrng 5 .. your answers carefulLy.
Mr Turner has always been (passlon) about 6 I haven't my homework yet. lt's st l tn my
sclence. - bug

Please clean any (dirt) equipment after you 7 lcan't all the latest technology
Come and your o d coursework from my
-
have done the exper ment.
B
office.
B The sports teacher at my old school was
(horror)l - He drdn't real y _= his meaning lo the
9 There have been (drama) changes in the students.

ed-'¿. o- s)'le'r t0 t's time i . marking the papers

'10 I lrke my music teacher as she's very (Llve).

b Answer the questions about yourself.

I Have you ever been irresponsible? What happened?
2 Do you think everybody is dishonest on occasions?
3 ls your handwr t ng the most illegrbie in the cJass?

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UNIT 6
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WORD STORE

Q Complete the phrases. Use the words below.

career experience interview job management offer pension

promotion qualifications reference sack salary trainee wage

0 go into W 9ew\eyyf. 7 get a ( n )........... ..........at sixty-five

1 choose a (n ) ..................... in computers 8 w in ..................
2 go for a ( n )..................... 9 get a good ...... .............. from your tutor
3 get a (n )..................... as a waiter 10 have the right,.....................for the job
4 get th e ..................... 1 1 have two years’ relevant.....................
5 earn a decent weekly..................... 12 accept a (n ) __ ...............of a job
6 get an annual..................... increase 13 take a young person on as a (n ) .............

Q Number the steps in Joe Bloggs' career in the correct order.

a He was promoted to assistant to the sales manager. _j g He was out of work,
b He took up gardening as a hobby. h He retired,
c He looked for a job. Q i He went for an interview.
d He was appointed managing director. j j He worked as a clerk.
e He made an application. k He got the job o f sales manager,
f He was offered the job. r] 1 He gave in his resignation. [T]
O Study the word web and complete the sentences. Use one word in each gap.

hard heavy boring

work as a jDurnalist/architect manual seasonal
work in a hotel/hairdresser's/restaurant
work for a computer company be out of work
work at McDonald's/that bookshop/the
come home from work
George Hotel take time off work

find look for get start part-time

well paid badly paid

0 Why don’t you go out and look ."ffitf. work instead of sitting around all day doing nothing?
1 Jane w orks..................... a software developer for Microsoft.
2 My dad worked................... a factory all his life.
3 His wife works..................... the local council.
4 I’ll tell you about the problem when you come h om e..................... work.
5 Arthur has been o u t..................... work ever since they closed the mine.
6 Her boss gave her tim e ..................... work to go and see the doctor.

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W ORD S T O R E

^ Study the table. Then replace the underlined words in the sentences with the correct form
of a phrasal verb from the table.
Verb Meaning Example
carry out sth; carry sth out do sth that needs to be done Those repairs must be carried out.
deal with sb do business with sb, or take an In my job, I have to deal with a lot o f
action to do with work» different people.
deal with sth take the correct action to complete a The problem is being dealt with.
piece of work or solve a problem
get on be successful in one’s career I f you want to gef on in your career,
you’ll have to work hard.
take on work; take work on agree to do a job You’ve taken on too much work - slow
down a bit.
take on sb; take sb on employ sb We're taking ten waiters on this
summer.
take over move into or continue doing a job Who will take over now that Smith
previously done by sb else has resigned?
take up sth; take sth up start working at a new job She took up her first teaching post in
1970.

0 The new manager will begin his duties in September. . . up.

1 After looking at his qualifications, they decided to offer him the job . ....................
2 He’s doing far too much and will make himself ill. ....................
3 You’ll have to make some sacrifices if you want to be successful in the business. ....................
4 Who do you think is going to be the new director when Santana retires? ....................
5 Will you handle any complaints while I’m away? ....................
6 She did all the tasks successfully. ....................

Education

Q Complete the words in the text.

Education differs from country to country. In Britain, school consists of

pre-school, (0) pyriwyay^. school and (1) s...................... school. <2) M........................for
different subjects are given in figures out of 10, 20 or 100. (3)G...................... are
usually expressed in letters - A, B, C, etc. A certificate is given for success in a
particular (4)a...................... of study (for example, the Cambridge First Certificate).
A diploma is awarded by colleges and a (5)d..................... by universities.
— - ............ ......... - ............................ ■ ■ • .......................... • - - .........................................— ................... . . ......... . ......... ■■■■•■...... — ...........— .............

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Роаd\чq
А Describe the folIowing jobs using these adjectives or
any.otheTs you can think of. Would you like to do апу
of the jobs?
Ьоriпg dead-end exciting exhaUSting manuat
rеwаrdiпg stressfut wett-paid
. doctor . office worker
. factory worker о photographer
. journalist . Sales assistant
. nurse . teacher

В Work iп pairs. Think of а job and get your partner to

ask questions to find out which job it is. You аrе only
allowed to answer yеs or No.

с Read the article аьочt Мiсhаеl yamashita.

which sentence best describes Michael's arrest: to make
attitude toward his job? noti се 'omebody
рау
ап d
а Не finds ;t exciting.
'оmеthiпg
atteпtion to it

Ь Не thinks itЪ well-paid. frаmiпg: where the

рhоtоgrарhег sets the
с lt is Stressful most of the tiпrе, Ьоrdеr' of а рhоtо9rарh

Michael Yamashita has combined his two passiorrs of photogTaphy So r,\йat iS the SесIеt to Michael's success? I was cuTiou.
and travel for очеr 25 yeaTs as а photogfaPher. foт Nлriorr1 to knor,v what he thought made а good photogTaph.
Ceographic Маgвziпе, In 1999, ап assignment fol а seIies of 'In the case of Nлfiollal GeogTaphic Magп:ilzc,, I like to
aTtic]es on Матсо PoIo took him fтоm Venice thTough ITaq cail thern 'page stoppers', The1, ате picttrres п,ith such
and Afghar-ristan to the iS]ands of Southeast Asia. His otheT gleat visua1 impact that the vieWeI has to StoP tulnin8
assignrnents have included travelling the length of the GTeat Wall the pages. Yоu'rе alTTestcc1 Ьу the h.dпil]& th; t8ht, Й
of ( hina and through lapan, Го Ье а
рrпtе*,iБпаl phologr.rpher
Yamashita says, it's iinPoltant to Ье 'in thе Tight
tоlоur,огthe,ubjecl,al)d)ou\tarl.atit, 4 Fоr
рJасе to gei me, thal i\ ап ideaI piclurc.'
the тight subject at the right time.' 1 'PTofessionai
I asked him which photos frоm his car.eer he was
рhо(оgrарhеr" ; rе paid lo Ьс Illcl r ]' he поtе,,
paTticulaTly fond of. 'one time I WaS in а little village
Michael mауЪе paid to Ье luсkу these days, but he hasTl't spent in Tajikistan, waiting to Shoot somethi1-1g at sunTise foT
the и hole ot bi" саrееr а. а рhоtоgгарhеr, l a*ked hlm hоц lle ап aTticle or,] Матсо Polo,'he said. .I was wancter.ing
had во( inlere,ted in photograplhl in lhе гil,t
Placc, l5рспl about with nobody ar.ound when I saw а kid l,alkiig
four, уеаrs iп Jарап in the eaTly '70s, and tъ,о of those
уеаrs I dоъ,п the Toad, Тhеп, more kids joined him. , 5
was teachlng,'he rcplied. 'Тlrеrе M,as а huge demand in В1 lhеп lhе*uп rrа* ritiпgbehirld mе, lt \л.l5 c\tremel\
]apan
for Englisfu' he says. 'And it was а
8Ieat job. But the Teal reasorr bright, .rnd foctr.ed оп thо,е kids, lr \ ou |оо|. al lhat
l.,v!,as thele \,\,aS to
8et in touch и,ith mу Ioots, GIои,iп8 uP in рiсluгс, thе shadow i5 righl behind lhеm, Гhаt mеап,
the United States n,ith а JaPanese name and face, I печЪr ieally that they cal']'t see mе Ьесацsе I'm irr the glaTe of the
[eIt l00 реrtепt Аmеriсап, 2 5о, аItсг.lUd) in8 11ittогу Sun. So, I got а vely паtulаl рiсtuIе of Lhem preparing
in the States, I decidecl to go tJjарап and have Й ех-реriепсе foT schoo] in incTedible light,'
of living theTe.'
so what drives Michael to achieve excellerrce in his
So did Michael buy his first саmеrа while iп japan?'I did,' fie]d? Не told mе that thele Wasn't much economic
he says. 'Like ечеlу amateul, I bought а саmеrа to basically motivation giчеп the difficulty in selling рiсtцrеs, so I
rесоrd tr hal l и аs .eein8 .rnd doing, to чепd
PiclUret Ьасk to asked him what he thought it took to Ьесоmе а glеаt
family and fTiends. I spent sоmе time leaTning about it, and pho]ographer 'What it takes is basically passion-.
I iu<l got rе.lllч оЬ5ечсеd ьу |hе wholc
рrосе,,, з дt 6l Especlally today, witb competition being rl,,hat
п,) piclures got Ьеllеr. PeoPle told me l,bouId.ho* ihern it is, to Ье а stlccess you really have to eat and drink
to otheI Photographers,' he explained. Eventrrally, hе met photography. It's passion that drives уоu folward,'And
ап agent and decided he Wanted to ]]е а pTofessional, and he if there's one thing that Michael Yamashita certainly
hasn't looked back since. hаs. it's ра*<iоп lor hi. art.
110
grарl,.- J Six sentences have been removed from the text. choose from the Llоsо-Uр 164
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177
sentences A-G the опе whiсh fits еасh gap (1-6). Tbere is one extra Whеп you have decided
Sentence whiсh you do not need to use. Which misSing Sentence fitS
А Then, уоu'rе like у to rеаd thе captions and Ье drawn into reading the who е story. in а 9ар, read the paragraph
again inclUdjng the miSSing
В BUt sometimes good fortune can play ап important rоlе. 5_ontence to make surе that it
С lfollowed them, and they ended up iп this schoolyard,
D Тhе mоrе l got into photography, the mоrе l loved it.
Е But hе was печеr dгiчеп Ьу material gаiп,
F You have to Ье really obsessed Ьу your сrаft.
G We were the only Asian family iп the town whеrе l lived.

j et the meaning !

: Replace the words and phrases in bold with others from the text that hаче the same meaning.
1 Не had а job photographing the Great Wall of China, (para '1)

2 Michael Yamashita isn't an amateur photographer. (para 1)

3 Не is crazy about рhоtоgrарhу, (раrа З)

4 А рhоtоgrарhеr needs а 9ood representative, (рага З)
5 This а picture that l am really taken with. (раrа 5)
6 His reason for doing it iS that hе oves it, (раrа 6)

Do you think it's impoгtant to Ье passionate about уоur job?

Арагt from being passionate about уоur job is there anything else mоrе impoгtant?
What sort о{ jobs could you feel passionate about?

aL1l'l o1,1:
Yamashita is particu|arly
fond of this photo
ih of а group of Tajik
,to
schoolchildren preparin9
sLl сh for sсhооl.
i],п itlg
ilt, tbc
Гог

l]1.1ge
lsc'for
-in g
iking

::,emc]r
:hа t

: lhc
..] rir,]g

]iS
lic
.,soI
:са t

q rr,hat
;пl<
.'.,' Anc]
п]r.

п;;
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YооаVиlаrц
А circle the correct words.
1 Please welcome оur main spokesman / speaker for tonight's business meeting, Ms Sheila Grant.
2 Тhе general mапаgеr used the ргоmisе of а соmрапу car as а(п) Ьгiье / incentive to his sales team.
3 oh, did ltell you that one of the b,onuses / perks of the job is уоur own parking space?
4 lп most Western countries, wоrkеrs receive а репsiоп / benefit when they геасh а certain age.
5 Graham was retired / fired fоr constantly coming in late.

В Match еасh sentence 1-6 with the sentence that logically follows a_f.
1 l wouldn't advise you to take that high-riskjob. П
2 Before we сал consider you for the job. we'll need two references.
!
з l b,elieve l am а sчitаые candidate for the position.
п
4 Let me introduce you to опе of mу colleagues. !
5 She realiy wants the position.
П
6 Hundreds of workers were made redundant last month. ýо
п
а
Ь
The соmрапу simply had no work fоr them to do.
l have а diploma iп social wоrk as well aS three years' ехреriепсе. *t{ý
с You could Ье seriously injured, and whеrе would that leave your family?
d Каrеп and l have Ьееп working together for years now.
е ltЪ everything she's ечеr wanted in а job: travel, mопеу and glamour
в,
f Реrhарs you could get them frоm your previous employers.

с choose the correct answers.

месhапiс wanted
Tom Stephens had опlу Ьееп working at the mine
for four months when the чпiоп told the wоrkеrs
they wеrе going оп (1) indefinitely, Poor
working conditions and very low weekly (2)
wеrе what had led the чпiоп leader to make his
decision. Tom had Ьееп (3) fог пеаrlу а уеаr
before hе got this,job. Now once а9аiп he was in
а ditficult situation as there would Ье по рау uлtil
the strike ended. How would hе sчррогt his wife
and children? Never опе to give up, however, Тоm
1а walk out Ь strike с revolt
2а Wa9eS ь salaries с incomes
Ьеgап sеагсhiпg the рареrЪ employment section
3а uпwоrkаые Ь unemployed с unoccupied
every morning for (4) 4а works Ь spaces с vacancies
while hе came across countless adverts for 5а hеlреr Ь assistant с volunteer
(5) wоrk, it seemed paying jobs were а bit ба employment Ь hiring с work
hаrdег to come Ьу. Тhеп опе day, when he had 7а application ь interview с qUestioning
just about given up hоре, he spotted ап advert in 8а hard workers Ь works с work force
the local рареr for а mechanic, Despite having по
skills iп this profession, Tom went down to the
(6) а9епсу to аррlу for the job. То his suгprise, D Do you agree with these statements? Compare your
he received а call а few days later inviting him answers with а partner's.
for а(п) (7) . Tom and the gага9е owne1 Doug . 'Аll wоrk and по рlау, makes Jack а dull Ьоу.'
Brown, hit it off immediately. After telling Tom that (Anonymous)
there was always room {or (8) in his garage, 'Меп, for the sake of getting а living, forget to live.'
Doug оffеrеd him the job. Tom gladly accepted. (Маrgаrеt Fullеr)
'Nothing will work unless you do.'(Mlaya Angelou)
'Choose а job you love, and you will never have to work
а day in your life,'(Confucius)
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Reported Speech: Statements

А When we report speech we usually move the tense
back into the past. Complete the tаЫе.

D Сhапgе the direct speech into reported

speech.
1 'Му sister Wants to hire а рhоtоgrарhеr for
hеr weddin9,' she told hеr friend.
she told hеr friend
ве carefull
Verbs in the Past РеrfеС Simple and Past Perfect Continuous 'We've decided to apply for jobs abroad,'
and the modal verbs would cou/d and mght do not сhапgе in the couple said.
rероrtеd speech. The couple said
RероЁеd Speech: Changes iп time and place
3 'She was working as nurse when l met her,'
В We also usually сhапgе words that show time and John said.
рlасё. Complete the tаЫе. John said

'Why was Топу fired?' l asked.

l asked

'Тhе employees are expecting а рау rise

next month,' he said.
Не said

'When is this соmрапу going to hire mоrе

реорlе?' he asked.
Не asked

7 'Does this mап have the right

qualifi cations?' asked the businessman,
Ве саrеfчl!
The businessman asked
Арагt from the сhапgеs in tenses and Words that show time and place,
we also сhапgе pronouns and possessive adjectives if necessary.
8 'Mr Wilson mау Ье promoted this mопth.'
5 RероЁеd Speech: Ouestions а colleague told me.
pied
eS С Look at how these questions are reported and notice
А colleague told me

ег what changes occur.

'Does he еаrп а good salary?' l asked.
пlп9 l asked iflwhether he еаrпеd а good salary. Find the mistakes iп the reported speech
rсе and thеп rewrite the sепtепсё5 correctly
'Why did you leave your,job?' hе asked mе. iп your notebook.

your
Не asked me whу l had left my job. 1 l asked when had he appiied fоr that job.
2 The direcor said that the соmрапу had
Complete the rules. done well this year.
We usually use the verb to rёроrt questions. lf
а question begins with а question word, then we use it iп the
3 Tom told us that his parents had retired
two yearS ago.
rероrtеd question. lf а question doesn't have а question word, we
use _ оr in the rерогtеd question. The 4 We asked John if he will get the job.
wоrd оrdеr changes when we report а question. 5 She said me the wages had Ьееп paid the
work - previous day.
Read 9.1-9,З of thе Grammar Reference оп pages 172-17З before 6 l asked where Jane can Ье.
you do the ta5k5.
- 11з
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Lis*c ч\па1
Llоsа-Uу
А choose the correct answers. LiSten out for'red herrings'
thin95 that can mislead yoU
1 lf someone says, 'Му job is not exactly exciting', they mеап it's into thinking something is
а quite Ьоriпg Ь very exciting true Whеп it i5n't, SpeakerS
2 lf sоmеопе says, 'Му job is very rewarding', they mean they . ,
often Say 50mething ne9ati,,:
and 50methin9 positive in
а get satisfaction frоm it Ь аrе well paid the 5ame sentence, so listen
l{ someone says, 'l'm passionate about my work', they mean they carefully fоr the очеrаll
а love theirjob Ь hate thеir.jоЬ meaning ofWhat they 5ау,

lf someone says, 'l only wоrk because it's песеssаrу', they mean they
а choose to wоrk Ь hаче to work
lf someone says, '|'d rather have а dапgеrоus job than а Ьоriпg опе'. they mean they рrеfег
а to take risks Ь to Ье bored

В (' Lirt"n to these speakers and circle а or Ь depending оп which sentences are correct.
1а The speaker еаrпs а iot о{ mопеу.
ь The speaker doesn't еаrп а lot о{ mопеу.
2а The speaker thought the course was useful,
ь The speaker didn't think the соursе was useful.
3а The speaker didn't like his previous collea9ues,
ь The speaker iked his previous colleagues.
4а The speaker was lооkiл9 fоrwаrd to the course.
ь The speaker wasn't looking forward to the course.
5а Тhе speaker thinks she'll find а similar job in the fчtчrе.
ь The speaker doesn't think she'll find а similar job in the future.
6а The speaker learnt а lot
Ь The speaker didn't lеаrп а lot,

С (' YЭu'lt hеаr five people talking about their jobs. Fоr questions ] -5, choose frоm the list Д-F how еасh perso.
feels about their,iob. Use the letters only once. There is опе extra letter which you do not need to цsе.
1 Sреаkег 1 А Regrets саrееr choices made earlier in life
2
|

Speaker 2 t] В Опlу works Ьесаusе itЪ песе55аrу

З Speaker З t] С Has the career that hе/shе had always wanted
4 Speaker 4 П D Doesn't need mопеу, but works out of choice
5 Speaker 5 Е Еп.iоу5 his/herjob Ьесаusе it is helping оthеrs
F Рrеfеrs to Ье bored at wогk than to take risks
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А Work with а partner and answer these questions.

. what job would you like to hаче in the futчrе?
. lf you had to сhооsе between а satisfying ,job and а well-paid опе, which would you choose?
]95'- . Would you like to do some volunteer work? lf so, where?
уоч
gi5
(ег5 Look at the list of aspects of а job. Decide if thеу are advantages
Igative or disadvanta9es. Write А (advanta9es) or D (disadvantages).
) in
1 stressful п 5 disappointing П Llоsо-Uр
isten
Don't ju5t give опе-Wогd
2 well-paid п 6 tiring П anSWer5. AnSWer the questionS
З exhausting п / Satlstyln9 Ьу giving reaSons and expanding
4 rеwаrdiпg п 8 boring t] on your ideas. То make the
diScU55ion mоге natural, uSе
expression5 to 9ive yourself time
to thiпk.
Work with а partner and answer the questions about thе photographs.
Опе of you should Ье Student А and thе other should Ье Student В.
Remember to use the Useful Expressions.

student А: Соmраrе photos 1 and 2 and say how уоu think the реорlе аrе feeling,
student В: lf you had to choose between working in business оr in the medical field, which
would you rаthеr do? Why?

Student В: Соmраrе photos З and 4 and say how these people's jobrs аrе different.
Student А: lf you had to choose b,etween working in соmрutеr sciences оr in teaching, which
would you rаthеr do? Why?
Usе|цl бхрrсssrоиs
,.,. considering alternatives
on the опе hand, ... .
\t
оп the other hand,... .
Discuss these questions with а partner. Although itЪ true that .,.,
you could also say,,. ,
Would you rаthеr have а job that was dangerous or Ьоriпg?
Some might say ..., but
What аrе some jobs that уоч think would Ье {un? othersthink....
ls ехреriепсе оr education mоrе important when аррlуiпg {оr а new job?
Do you believe that some,jobs аrе suitaЫe опlу for mеп and some опlу for women?
Why? Justi{y your answer with examples and reasons,
115
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Collocations & Expressions

А choose the correct answers.
1 lf you work shifts, you work
а part-time
Ь either during the day оr night
2 When а соmрапу lays off workers, it
а makes staff redundant
ь hires more staff

3 When companies lачпсh а new product, they

а withdraw а new product from the market

Ь make а new product available to the public
you reject an offer, you
lf
а decide the offer isn't imрогtапt епоч9h fоr уоU
to солsidег
Ь decide to accept it because it's а good offer
lf you need Lo take оп staff, you
а need more staff to complete the work you have
Ь need fewer staff to complete the wоrk you have
When you get the sack, you Prepositions
а аrе told you've got а promotion С
Ь аrе told to leave уоur,job Complete the sentences with the prepositions.
Some prepositions сап Ье used more than once.
в comPlete the sentenceS usin9 the collocations about at Ьу fог in of оп to With
and expressions from А in the соrrесt form.
we must find а solution the staffino
1 John will if hе keeps on ргоЫеm аll costs.
being late every day. You can't blame me the соmрапу
2 When companies they being dеЫ.
always hope it will sell well. SаllуЪ reaction the redundancies
3 We despeгately need to took me surprise
if we're going to meet these deadlines. Тhе соmрапу will ргочidе you
4 The lаrgеst factory in the area i5 9оiпg to а special uпi{оrm.
_ half its employees! He's been out work {оr уеаrs.
5 Never until you have fact, hе hаsп't had а job since 2005,
thought it through рrореrlу. my орiпiоп, реорlе who don't get
- sometimes hе to work time don't саrе
works from '] 0 pm to б am, and sometimes from their job.
бamto2pm. behalf of my colleagues, l would like
to congratulate уоu __ уочr promotion
mana9er.
You must try hаrd if you want to succeed
rеасhiпо the too
your сhоsеп careel

D Do you agree with these statements? Compare

your answers with а раrtпеrЪ.
. lt i5 чеrу important to do mагkеt rеsеаrсh Ьеfоrе
launching а new product. Otherwise it might
поt sell.
, . l don'tbelieveyou should getthe sackjustfor
е- э being late. |t's not а biq dea|, is it?
t . lf а реrsоп works оп thе night shift it Will atfect
his/her health eventually.
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RepoЁed Speech: Commands Reported Speech: RероЁiпg Verbs

& Requests
В Tell, say and ask are the most соmmоп reporting verbs.
А Read thеsё sепtепсёs and notice However, there are other reporting verbs that we сап use to
what changes оссчr in the repoЁed report what someone says mоrе accurately. Read the example
sentenceý. of direct speech and then tick which reported sепtёпсе sounds
'Don't Ье late for work!' his boss said. better. Why?
His boss told him not to Ье late for work. 'l give you my word that l will help you,' she said.
'Fill in your details on this form, please,' She promised to help me. !
the interviewer said. She said she gave mе hеr word that she would help me. П
The interviewer asked me to fill in mу
details on the fоrm. С Complete these sentences with advbed or refused.
'l won't accept that job оffеr,' he said.
Complete the rules. Не _ to accept thе job оffеr.
We change the imperative in commands
апd геqчеSts to а
'You should apply for the job,' hе said.
in rероrtеd speech, We usually use
aS the reporting
Не _ me to apply for the job.

чеrЬ fоr commands and we usually use Ве саrеfчl!

as the reporting verb Тhе rероrtiпg verbs advise and refuse are followed Ьу ап infinitive. other
for requests. reporting чеrЬs аrе followed Ьу а gerund.
Ве careful! 'l didn't steal the money,'the young mап said.
Remember that аll other changeS that оссur Тhе young mап denied stealing the mопеу.
Whеп reporting statements also apply for Read 9,4-9.5 of фе Grammar Reference оп page ?73 before you do tlre task.
commands and requests.
)пs.
эпсе. D Сhапgе the direct speech into rероrtеd speech.
1 'Make ап effort to finish the rерогt tomorrow,' he said.

rffing Не told us
2'Don't{orgetto рlасе an adveгtforthejobvacancy" shesaid.
lпу Shе told me
3 'Please Ье оп time for оuг meeting this аftеrпооп,' he said.
эS не asked me
4 'Don't waste time sur{ing the Net during wоrk hours,'the mапа9еr said.
The manager told us
5 'Get in touch with the sales department for in{orrnation,' the shop assistant said.
1005.
The shop aSSistant told me

get 6 'Please make ап appointment with the mапаgеr if you want to see him,' she told mе.
she asked me

d like Change the direct speech into reported speech u5ing these reporting verbs.
эtiоп
advised apologised denied offered reminded suggested
1 'l didn't make а mistake in the rерогt,' the ассоuпtапt said.
-
тhе ассоuпtапt
2 'Remember to lock the door before going home,' he told me.
Не
)аrе 3 'Let'S promote [v]rS Jennings to mапаgеr,' said the director.
тhе director
оrе 4 'Shall lcali the applicant?' the secretary asked.
:
тhе secrёtarv

)r
'l'm so sorry that l'm late for work again|' she said.
She
_,ct 'You should get а rеfеrепсе {rоm your last employe1' she said to hеr Ыоthеr.
She
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W rrflи11
Presenting factual information
When you wгitе а rероrt, you have to present factual
in{ormation in а clear way with appropriate headings апd а
clearly stated aim. You usually have to discuss your observations
about what has already hаррепеd and make recommendations
for future action. As the report should Ье written in а formal
register, you should try to present уоur ideas as objectively
as роssiЫе without exag9eratin9 оr being too critical or
enthusiastic. You should also avoid реrsопаl, colloquial lапgчаgе
and use lоrmаl StrucLures like thе passive voice.

А Write Н for heading, О for observation or R for recommendation.

1 lt was felt that а reduction in working hоurs was necessary. tj
2 The standard of training was чеrу ow. п
3 Working conditions ]
4 опе solution would Ье to take on extra staff. п
5 Аll employees shouid rесеiче ап increase in salary. п.l
6 solutions and recommendations

в Read the writino task below and underline the key words. How mапу things are you asked to do in the
task? What are they?
Yоu hаd а temporary position as а teaching assistant iп а рrimаrу school as part of
уоur college studies. Yоur college
teacher has asked Уоu to writе а rерогt оп уоцr ехреriелсе focuslng ол hea/th aлdsafety mаъrs because а лumьеr с
j
accidents hаррепеd during your time thеrе, Shе has a/so asked you to suggest some so/utions. ('1 20-1 80 words)

С Read the model rероЁ and circle the most aPProPriate words. Тhеп рчt these headings in the correct
р|асе.
lntгoduction Recommendations fоr fчtчге action Gепеrаt organisation Supervision of
Health & Safety at Barnsley Primary ýchool
А
The aim of this report is to say what (1) was wrong with / l didn't ]ike about
health and safety issues while l was working а5 а teaching assistant at
Ваrпslеу Primary School,

Тhе most (2) serious рrоЫеm with / horrible thing about health алd sa{ety
was the lack of supervision of pupils. Fоr instance, during Ыеаks teachers
(З) wеrе rarely оп duty / печеr hung out in the playground. consequently,
fights and accidents often happened,

(4) Furthеrmоrе, / Апd апоthеr thing, the sсhооlЪ day-to day running caused
сопсеrп. Fоr example, the building was cleaned just before school Ьеgап.
]
As а result, four pupils and two teachers hаd serious accidents because they
.'
i
slipped оп wet floors. Also. the sсhооl gates were left uпlосkеd
]
so that (5) anybody could walk in / outsiders соч d епtеr the schoo ,

lп conclusion. а safer environment for pupils and staff is чеrу imрогtапt. Two
or three tеасhеrs should supervise pupils iп the playground during Ыеаks.
Similarly (6) the gates shou d Ье locked / someone shоu d ock the gates
every morning. Fiпаllу, general cleaning should Ье done after school hours
to рrечепt accidents.
1,18

t
 - cok again !
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177
) Read the model report again and write Т (true) or F (false).
] The aim of the report is not сlеагlу stated. п
2 The rероrt covers all parts о{ the task. п
З Two раrаgrарhs have Ь,ееп Used for ob,Servations t
4 Similar ideas are dealt With together. L
5 Тhе conclusion includes several rесоmmепdаtiопs. t]
i Write the correct paragraph пчmЬеr from thе model report next to these descriptions.
а Discuss the most serious issue. t ]
Ь Sum up the main points and make some suggestions. !
с State the purpose ofthe rерогt. П
d Discuss апоthеr issue. Г
i Complete the definitions with some of the Useful Expressions.
1 А iS the money an еmрlоуее gets ечеrу mопth.
2 А is а short rest during working hours.
t iS the en,ioyment а person gets out of his оr her саrееr.
4 i5 the time уоU spend at work.
q is something you receive in addition to your wages оr sаlаrу.
6 аrе times Ьу which something must Ье done.

Cver to you !

,]е
G Read thе writing task below and make а paragraph L|оsо-Uр
р|ап for your report. Remember to present уочr When Writing а report, u5е fогmаl linking Words
information in а clear way and to use headings. and рhrа5е5 to соппесt уоUr idea5, Furthermore, /л
е9е qddition, what is more апd Moreover аdd information.
lber of Yоu had а surnrner job iп а cafeteria, which you didn't /ike Д5 а result, consequently andTherefore а result.
at а//. Тhе rпапаgеr has asked you to write а report аЬоut 'hоw
Onthe other hапd, However, Дlthочgh andThough
what cou/d Ье dопе to make it а better piace to Work introduce an opposite idea. Fоrи5tdлсе For ехаmрIе
('120-180 words) 'п. and such с5 iпtгоduсе examples ofa previou5 idea,
lIace. Finally,ln сопсlusiоп,То сопсludе апd То sum up Ьriпg
the report to ап end.

Uэе|шl (хрrо5s\оч5
Recommending and 5uggesting
l 5uggest/recommend that ...
one solution Would Ье to ...
lt Wоuld Ье а good idea to ...

Work and working conditions

bad/good atm05phere
benefit5/perk5
bonuSes
breaks
deadlines
facilitie5
job satisfaction
relation5h jp5 With colleagUeS
salary
Working environment
Working hочrs
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Before you watch

А Discuss these questions.
. Look at the photo of Маrk Thiessen. Не is а wildfire рhоtоgrарhеr, Can you guess
what а wildfire рhоtоgrарhеr does and describe it?
. What do уоu think are thе good and bad points of Mark's.job?
. What kinds of skills does а good рhоtоgrарhеr need?

Whilе you watch

в watch the DvD and decide i{ these statements are true or false. write т for true and F for false.
1 Nationa/ Geographic photographer, Mark Thiessen, gёts to рhоtоgrарh wild animals. П
2 Every summer Маrk drives east to photograph wildfires. П
3 A'fire whirl' occurs whеп some ofthe flames start twistin9 together. creating а fire tornado, !
4 МаrkЪ goal is to рhоtоgrарh the реорlе who have the tough responsibility of fighting fiгеs. П
5 Маrk thinks that the sight of trees damaged Ьу fire can tre quite beautiful, almost magical. П
6 Every time hе finishes taking photog raphs о{ а fire, he{eelstiredand really depressed. П
After you watch
С Complete the summary ofthe DVD below using these words.
majoгity оссчраtiоп оссчr opportun!ty

Mark Thiessen is а Nationa/ Geographic

photoqrapher. Тhе (1)
of his pictures are of things Iike dinosaur
bones or реорlе, but during the summe1 hе
рhоtо9rарhs forest fires. Не drives quickly
frоm рlасе to рlасе, interviewing firefighters
and taking pictures. Wildfires frequently
(2) in the USA during the
summer, and they аrе (3)
fоr реорlе being injured or losing their homes.
Mark had kпоwп hе wanted to Ье а
рhоtоgrарhеr ечеr since hе was а child. Не
Used to liSten to police radio messages at night
and whепечеr he heard of fire, he would wake
his mum and they would (4)
to see it. Опе of the rеаsопs whу l\4ark is
so interested in fires is because they are
unpredictable. Не thinks that makes them interesting, but also absolutely (5)
Маrk also has а second (6) he is а(п) (7) and сараЫе wildland
firefighter too - the реrfесt mix fог being а wildfire photographer. When Mark is with the firefighters,
he {eels раrt of а team, А team that does а very (8) job. Being пеаr fогеst fires
ш
gives him the (9) to take the best photographs. Even though Mark knows that fires
have the ('l0) to destroy а lot of iand, he is amazed Ьу their beauty.
li
ш

н
D Discuss these questions with а partner.
. Some people risk their lives to make а living? Would you? Why?Аy'y'hy поt?
. Does it take а special type о{ реrsоп to do а dangerous job?
. Being а wildfire photographer is а dangerous job. What other dangerous jobs сап you think of?
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