The sources provide an overview of various database concepts, including SQL databases, NoSQL databases, and big data.

SQL Databases
 Views are named queries stored in the database. They simplify complex queries and enhance security by limiting data access.
 Stored procedures are precompiled SQL code blocks for improved network traffic, centralized business logic, and database
security. They have drawbacks like portability issues and the need for specialized skills.
 Stored functions resemble stored procedures but must return a value.
 Triggers are automatically executed in response to events like insert, update, or delete operations on tables.
 Indexing speeds up data retrieval by avoiding full table scans.
 Partitioning divides a table into separate parts for improved query performance, data distribution, and efficient data
management.
 Transactions ensure data consistency by grouping operations.
 Isolation levels control how transactions interact, affecting data consistency and performance.
NoSQL Databases
 NoSQL databases deviate from traditional relational database principles. They handle large volumes of data, frequent schema
changes, and distributed architectures.
 NoSQL data models:
o Key-Value: Uses a hash table structure for accessing data with unique keys.
o Column-Wide: Organizes data in columns for efficient retrieval of data with many columns.
o Graph: Represents interconnected data using nodes and edges.
o Document: Stores data in flexible, self-describing documents, often in JSON or XML format.
 MongoDB is a popular document database, offering features like flexible schemas, distributed architecture, and support for
various data types.
 Sharding in MongoDB distributes data across multiple machines for improved scalability and performance.
Big Data
 Big data is characterized by volume, variety, and velocity.
 Big data architecture consists of data sources, big data storage, and big data analytics and reporting.
 Big data storage methods:
o Distributed file systems like HDFS store data across multiple machines.
o Sharding partitions data across multiple databases.
o Key-value storage systems store large quantities of small records.
 Big data processing techniques:
o MapReduce is a platform for reliable and scalable parallel computing.
o Spark supports faster computation through in-memory processing using Resilient Distributed Datasets (RDDs).
 Streaming data arrives continuously and is handled through publish-subscribe systems like Apache Kafka.
 Data analytics extracts meaningful patterns from data for prediction and decision-making.
 Data warehousing centralizes data from multiple sources under a unified schema.
 OLAP (Online Analytical Processing) enables interactive data analysis for summarization and viewing data in different ways.
 Data mining automatically extracts useful patterns from large datasets.
These concepts and technologies are essential for managing and analyzing data in various contexts, from traditional applications to large-
scale, distributed systems.
1. Which one is not a data type in JSON?
- Date
2. The reason why JSON format is more popular than XML format
- Quickly parse
3. Which one is correct for data warehousing?
- It is designed to focus on subject areas
4. When performing a correlated subquery:
- The external query will be executed later
5. Which one is to check whether the data is null
- Is Null
6. When creating foreign keys, the purpose of the ON DELETE SET NULL option is:
- Allows deleting the parent table, keeping child table information, and modifying reference values
7. The problem can occur when a transaction reads data from another transaction that has not been committed:
- Dirty Read
8. In HDFS, the default number of replication nodes is:
- 3.0
9. The number of join types in SQL is
- 4.0
10. Which is not a data type in JSON
- Date
11. The operation will be performed when an exception occurs in a transaction
- ROLLBACK
12. In the CAP theorem, MongoDB can be classified into
- CP
13. In Kafka, messages are always received in order
- It depends
14. Can update the data on a View in the database
 - Depends on the View creation command
15. In MySQL, the default root account can access the MySQL server from any computers
- Not allowed
16. Choose the first 3V definition of the Bigdata:
- Volume, Velocity, Variety
17. In MySQL trigger, the command to query the address data inserted to the customer table
- NEW.address
18. In the left join operation between the customers table and the orders table, the number of rows in the result is
- Number of rows in the customers table
19. The default isolation level for MySQL InnoDB is
- REPEATABLE READ
20. Can the GROUP BY clause contain more than 1 column
- Yes
21. The inner query is executed before executing the outer query
- Depends on the situation
22. The character C in the word ACID is the abbreviation of the word
- Consistency
23. The character A in the word ACID is the abbreviation of the word
- ATOMIC
24. Choose DBMS supporting wide column model
- Cassandra
25. In the inner join operation between the customers table and the orders table, the number of rows in the result is
- Depends on the data
26. Using subquery is better than using join
- Depends on the situation
27. What field is required in all MongoDB documents
- _id
28. The method in JavaScript to load JSON data
- JSON.parse()
29. In MongoDB, find the correct query that returns documents with age greater than 21
- db.citizens.find({age: {$gte: 21}})
30. Choose the best answer. Subqueries can be used in
- All of the above
31. The HAVING clause has the following purpose
- Filter data groups
32. To optimize the query in MySQL, use the time function instead of the BETWEEN operator in the WHERE condition
- No
33. There is a fulltext index on the description column of the products table. The query: Select * from products where description like
'%apple%'
- Don't use the index
34. Suppose there is a compound index on 2 columns in order: last_name and first_name, select the query that does not use the index
- Select * from Customers where firstname='le'
35. With the same condition, the result of an outer join always includes the result of an inner join
- Yes
36. Select the concept not used in the graph database model
- Row
37. Choose a warehouse data modeling method
- Star Model
38. In data warehousing, SCD stands for the phrase
- Slowly Changing Dimension
39. What is correct format for a JSON name/value pair?
- "name" : "value"
40. Select the correct query to sort names in a MongoDB's collection
- db.customers.find({}).sort({name:1})