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Work, Power & Energy

The document provides an overview of work, power, and energy, defining key concepts such as work (force times distance), energy (capacity to do work), and power (rate of doing work). It discusses different forms of energy including chemical, potential, and kinetic energy, along with their respective formulas and examples. Additionally, it covers the conservation of energy, efficiency, and sources of energy, distinguishing between renewable and non-renewable sources.

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5 views13 pages

Work, Power & Energy

The document provides an overview of work, power, and energy, defining key concepts such as work (force times distance), energy (capacity to do work), and power (rate of doing work). It discusses different forms of energy including chemical, potential, and kinetic energy, along with their respective formulas and examples. Additionally, it covers the conservation of energy, efficiency, and sources of energy, distinguishing between renewable and non-renewable sources.

Uploaded by

isaacchishimba27
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WORK, POWER &

ENERGY
Work
 Work is defined as the product of force and distance moved in the direction of
force.

 SI unit of work done is Joule (J).

 The formula for calculating work done is given as:

w=Fxd

 Work is a scalar quantity.

 For work to be done, the force applied must move the object from one point to
another. If force is applied but an object has not moved, no work is done.
Calculating Work; examples
 How much work is done when a 100N force moves a block 25m?

 Calculate work done when an object of mass 25kg is lifted by 1m.


(g = 10m/s 2 )

 What mass requires 2kJ of work to lift it by 20m? (g = 10m/s 2 )

 Calculate the distance moved by a force of 620N when doing 31kJ.


Energy

 Energy is defined as the capacity to do work.


 SI unit of energy is Joule (J)
Forms of Energy
A. Chemical energy

 Food and fuels, like oil, gas, coal and wood, are concentrated stores of chemical
energy.

 The energy of food is released by chemical reactions in our bodies, and during the
transfer to other forms we are able to do useful jobs.

 Fuels cause energy transfers when they are burnt in an engine or a boiler.

 Batteries are compact sources of chemical energy, which in use is transferred to


electrical energy
B. POTENTIAL ENERGY

 Potential energy is defined as the stored energy due to the position of an object.

 Gravitational potential energy (GPE) is the potential energy of an object due to


the height of an object from the ground.

 The object at the surface of the earth has zero GPE.

 The higher the object is from the earth’s surface, the greater its GPE.

 The formula for calculating GPE is given as:

 Ep = mgh

Where;

Ep = gravitational potential energy

m = mass in kg

g = 10 m/s2

h = height in m
C. KINETIC ENERGY
 Kinetic energy is defined as the energy possessed by an object in motion.
 The formula for calculating kinetic energy is given as:

EK = 1
2
𝑚𝑣 2
Where;
m = mass in kg
v = speed/velocity in m/s
Examples
 A 3kg cat is lifted 2m into the air. How much GPE does it gain? (g = 10m/s 2 )

 Nkisu runs up a staircase of 10m high and gains 6500J. What is her mass? (g =
10m/s 2 )

 A huge block of mass 120kg is lifted and gains 36kJ. How high was it raised? (g =
10m/s 2 )

 A bow can shoot a 0.05kg arrow at a speed of 20m/s. What is the kinetic energy of
the arrow?

 A car has a kinetic energy of 675kJ and travelling at 30m/s. What is the mass of a
car?

 What is the velocity of the 12000kg wind turbine blade with the kinetic energy of
1350kJ?
Conservation Of Energy
 Conservation of energy states that energy can be changed from one form to another
but cannot be created or destroyed.

 Suppose an object is lifted to height h, its gravitational potential energy (GPE) =


mgh. When an object is released and falls, its gravitational potential energy is
changed to kinetic energy.
Efficiency

 Efficiency is the percentage ratio of the output energy to the input energy.

 Mathematically:
𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡
Efficiency = 𝑥 100%
𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡
Sources Of Energy
 Renewable Sources:

- Renewable sources are sources that can be reused or replaced.

- The following are examples of renewable sources:

o Sun (solar) energy: energy radiating from the sun.

o Wind energy: generation of electricity by conversion of the kinetic energy of wind


into electrical energy.

o Hydro energy: generation of electricity by the conversion of the potential energy of


water into kinetic energy, then to electrical energy.

o Geothermal energy: the use of heat energy stored inside the earth to produce
electrical energy. • Biomass energy: generation of energy from organic materials
(plants and animals).
 Non – Renewable Sources:

- Non-renewable sources are sources that cannot be replaced once used.

- The following are examples of non-renewable sources:

o Fossil fuel

o Coal

o Natural gas

o Nuclear energy
POWER
 Power is defined as the rate of doing work.

 It is also defined as the rate of transferring energy from one form to another.

 SI unit of power is watt (W).

 The formula for calculating power is given as:

𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 (𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦)


Power =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛

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