Electric Vehicles and Battery Technology

(EEE1005)

By
Dr. D.P Somashekar
Assistant Professor – Senior Scale
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Presidency University, Bengaluru
 MODULE-2
Hybrid Electric Vehicles
 Course Objectives

The objective of the course is to familiarize the learners

with the concepts of Electric Vehicles & Battery
Technology and attain Entrepreneurial Skills through
Problem Solving methodologies.
 Course Outcomes
At the end of the course the student will be able to:
1. Explain the working of Electric Vehicles and recent
trends.
2. Explain the working of Hybrid Electric Vehicles and
recent trends.
3. Describe about the battery characteristic and
parameters.
4. Summarize the importance of battery management
system.
 Syllabus
Module - 2: Hybrid Electric Vehicles : 10 Sessions

• Concept of Hybrid Electric Drive Trains

• Architecture of Hybrid Electric Drive Trains

• Series Hybrid Electric Drive Trains

• Parallel Hybrid Electric Drive Trains

 Introduction
• Electric vehicles (EVs) use an electric motor for
traction, and chemical batteries, fuel cells, ultra
capacitors, and/or flywheels for their
corresponding energy sources.
 Introduction
• The electric vehicle has many advantages over the
Conventional Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle (ICEV), such

as absence of emissions, high efficiency, independence from

petroleum, and quiet & smooth operation.

• This module will focus on the methodology of power train

design and will investigate the key components including
traction motor and energy storages.
 Why !!!!!!
Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV)
Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV)
Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV)
Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV)
Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV)
 Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV)
Basically, any vehicle power train is required to

1. Develop sufficient power to meet the demands of

vehicle performance.
2. Carry sufficient energy on board to support vehicle
driving in the given range.
3. Demonstrate high efficiency.
4. Emit few environmental pollutants.
 Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV)
• A vehicle may have more than one energy source and
energy converter (power source).
• Such as a gasoline (or diesel) heat engine system,
hydrogen fuel cell-electric motor system, chemical
battery–electric motor system, etc.
• A vehicle that has two or more energy sources and
energy converters is called a Hybrid Vehicle.
• A hybrid vehicle with an electrical power train (energy
source energy converters) is called an HEV.
Conceptual Illustration of a Hybrid
Electric Drive Train
Conceptual Illustration of a Hybrid
Electric Drive Train
 Conceptual Illustration of a Hybrid Electric
Drive Train
There are many available patterns of combining the power flows to meet
load requirements as described below
1. Power train 1 alone delivers power to the load.
2. Power train 2 alone delivers power to the load.
3. Both power train 1 and 2 deliver power to load at the same time.
4. Power train 2 obtains power from load (regenerative braking).
5. Power train 2 obtains power from power train 1.
 Conceptual Illustration of a Hybrid Electric
Drive Train
There are many available patterns of combining the power flows to meet
load requirements as described below
6. Power train 2 obtains power from power train 1 and load at the same
time.
7. Power train 1 delivers power to load and to power train 2 at the same
time.
8. Power train 1 delivers power to power train 2, and power train 2
delivers power to load.
9. Power train 1 delivers power to load, and load delivers power to power
train 2.
Architectures of Hybrid Electric Drive Trains
Architectures of Hybrid Electric Drive Trains
 Architectures of Hybrid Electric Drive Trains

• The architecture of a hybrid vehicle defined as

the connection between the components that
define the energy flow routes and control
ports.

• Traditionally, HEVs were classified into two basic

types: Series and Parallel.
Classification of Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Classification of Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Series - Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Series - Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Series - Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Series - Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Complex Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Complex Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Configuration of a Series Hybrid Electric Drive Train
Configuration of a Series Hybrid Electric Drive Train
Configuration of a Series Hybrid Electric Drive Train
Series Hybrid Electric Drive Trains potentially have the following
operation modes:
1. Pure Electric Mode: The engine is TURNED OFF and the
vehicle is propelled only by the batteries.
2. Pure Engine Mode: The vehicle traction power only comes
from the engine-generator, while the batteries neither
supply nor draw any power from the drive train. The electric
machines serve as an electric transmission from the engine to
the driven wheels.
3. Hybrid Mode: The traction power is drawn from both the
engine generator and the batteries.
Configuration of a Series Hybrid Electric Drive Train
Series Hybrid Electric Drive Trains potentially have the following
operation modes:
4. Engine Traction and Battery Charging Mode: The engine-
generator supplies power to charge the batteries and to
propel the vehicle.

5. Regenerative Braking Mode: The engine-generator is turned

off and the traction motor is operated as a generator. The
power generated is used to charge the batteries.
Configuration of a Series Hybrid Electric Drive Train
Series Hybrid Electric Drive Trains potentially have the following
operation modes:
6. Battery Charging Mode: The traction motor receives NO
Power and the engine-generator charges the batteries.

7. Hybrid Battery Charging Mode: Both the engine-generator

and the traction motor operate as generators to charge the
batteries.
 Advantages of Series Hybrid Electric Drive Train
Series Hybrid Drive Trains offer several advantages:

 The engine is Fully Mechanical when decoupled from the

driven wheels.
 Therefore, it can be operated at any point on its Speed–
Torque characteristic map.
 Electric motors have near Ideal Torque–Speed
Characteristics, they do not need multi-gear transmissions.
 Simple Control Strategies may be used as a result of the
mechanical decoupling provided by the electrical
transmission.
Disadvantages of Series Hybrid Electric Drive Train
 The energy from the engine is converted TWICE
(mechanical to electrical in the generator and electrical to
mechanical in the traction motor).
 The Inefficiencies of the Generator and Traction Motor
add up and the losses may be significant.
 The generator adds additional weight and cost.
 The traction motor must be sized to meet maximum
requirements, since it is the only power plant propelling
the vehicle.
Configuration of a Parallel Hybrid Electric Drive Train
Configuration of a Parallel Hybrid Electric Drive Train
Disadvantages of Series Hybrid Electric Drive Train
 The energy from the engine is converted TWICE
(mechanical to electrical in the generator and electrical to
mechanical in the traction motor).
 The Inefficiencies of the Generator and Traction Motor
add up and the losses may be significant.
 The generator adds additional weight and cost.
 The traction motor must be sized to meet maximum
requirements, since it is the only power plant propelling
the vehicle.
 THANK YOU

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