Republic of the Philippines

NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY

Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: IM-GEHIST-1STSEM-2020-2021

College of Arts and Sciences

Bayombong Campus

DEGREE PROGRAM General Education COURSE NO. GE HIST

SPECIALIZATION Philippine History COURSE TITLE Readings in Philippine History
YEAR LEVEL All level TIME FRAME 6 hrs WK NO. IM NO.

I. UNIT TILE/CHAPTER TITLE: Content and Contextual Analysis of Selected Primary

Sources in Philippine History

II. LESSON TITLE:

A. Content Analysis vs. Context Analysis

B. Analysis of Five Primary Sources in History
 First Voyage Around the World by Antonio Pigafetta
 Kartilya ng Katipunan by Emilio Jacinto
 The Declaration of Philippine Independence

III. LESSON OVERVIEW:

This chapter is divided in various topics basing from the selected primary sources. It is important
to note that in understanding primary sources, a reader should be critical enough in examining
the author’s main argument and point of view. Hence, the authors’ views were first presented
followed by the understanding of other historians and scholars. Basically, the purpose is to
analyze the context and content of the primary sources.

IV. DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES:

At the end of this chapter, you should be able to:

1. Analyze the context, content, and perspective of different kinds of primary sources;
2. Determine the contribution of different kinds of primary sources in understanding Philippine
history; and
3. Develop critical and analytical skills with exposure to primary sources.

V. LESSON CONTENT:

D. Philippine Cartoons: Political Caricatures of the American Era by Alfred McCoy’s

Political Cartoon is a recent form of art which tends to use exaggeration or oversimplification of the
characteristics of its subject. This type of art became part of the print media, especially concerning
political or social commentaries to target individuals in power.
Deviating from the usual editorials or opinion pieces which are normally verbose,) caricatures turned
out to be effective through its use of representations or symbolisms when it comes to publicizing
socially relevant sentiments or opinions.

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NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
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Analysis of the Context

Author’s Background
Alfred McCoy is an educator at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and a historian who specializes in
Southeast Asian History and Politics whose teaching interests include Modern Philippine Social and
Political History. He was awarded as one of the world’s leading historians of Southeast Asia in 2012
(Oneworld Publications, 2016). Three of his edited volume books on Philippine historiography have won
the Philippines’ National Book Award. Aside from that, in 2001, the Association for Asian Studies
awarded him the Goodman Prize for a “deep and enduring impact on Philippine historical studies.”
(UW-Madison, 2020).
Together with Alfredo Roces who holds a prominent place in the history of Philippine art, McCoy
compiled political Cartoons from 1900-1941 published in newspaper dailies and periodicals.
Situation/Conditions of the Times
After three centuries of slow development under Spain, Filipinos next experienced explosive change
under the rule of the United States of America. The transition from the Spanish Colonial period to the
American Occupation period demonstrated different strands of changes in culture, society, and politics.
Analysis of the Content

This caricature was published in The

Independent on May 20, 1916. The
cartoon shows a politician from Tondo,
named Dr. Santos, passing his crown
to his brother-in-law, Dr. Barcelona.
A Filipino guy (as depicted wearing
salakot and barong tagalog) was trying
to stop Santos, telling the latter to stop
giving Barcelona the crown because it
is not his to begin with.

This cartoon was published by Lipang

Kalabaw on August 24, 1907.
In the cartoon we can see Uncle Sam
giving out porridge to the politicians and
members of the Progresista Party
(sometimes known as the Federalista
Party), while members of the Nacionalista
Party look on and wait for their turn.
From the two cartoons, we see the price
that Filipinos paid for the democracy
modeled after the Americans. First, it seemed that the Filipino politicians at that time did not understand
well enough the essence of democracy and the accompanying democratic institutions and processes.

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 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: IM-GEHIST-1STSEM-2020-2021

This can be seen in the rising dynastic politics in Tondo as depicted in the cartoon published by The
Independent. Patronage also became influential and powerful, not only between clients and patrons but
also between the newly formed political parties composed of the elite and the United States. This was
depicted in the cartoon where the United States, represented by Uncle Sam, provided dole outs for
members of the Federalista while Nacionalista politicians looked on and waited for their turn.

This Cartoon was published by the Philippine

Free Press as a commentary to the
unprecedented increase of motorized
vehicles in the city, wherein cases involving
colorum vehicles and taxis causing fatal
accidents are too often already.
During the American Period, automobiles
became a popular mode of transportation in
the city and led to the emergence of taxis.
However, the laws and policy
implementation were mediocre.

This can be seen as a direct consequence of the drastic urbanization of the Philippine society.

This fourth cartoon depicts a scenario in a

cinema. A police officer was at the screen
saying that the couples are not allowed to
neck and make love in the theater. Two
youngsters looked horrified while an older
couple seemed amused.
The transition from a Catholic-centered,
Spanish-Filipino society on American-
assimilated one is depicted in this cartoon.
An example of this is what McCoy called the
“sexual revolution” that occurred in the
1930s.

Lastly, the cartoons also illustrated the

conditions of the poor Filipinos in the
Philippines now governed by the United
States.
This cartoon was published by The
Independent on June 16, 1917. This was
drawn by Fernando Amorsolo and was aimed
as a commentary to the working of Manila
Police at that period. Here we see Filipino

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 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: IM-GEHIST-1STSEM-2020-2021

child who stole a skinny chicken because he had nothing to eat. The police officer was relentlessly
pursuing the said child.
A man wearing a salakot, labeled as Juan de la Cruz was grabbing the officer, telling him to leave the
small-time pickpockets and thieves and turn to the great thieves instead.

IX. REFERENCES

Cachey, Theodore Jr (2007) in Pigafetta, Antonio. The First Voyage Around the World, 1519-1522: An Account of
Magellan’s Expedition. Ed. Theodore J. Cachey, Jr. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007.

Candelaria, J. P., & Alphora, V. C. (2018). Readings in Philippine History. Manila, Philippines:
Rex Book Store, Inc

Del Rosario F. G., & Dacles, D. M. (2018). Readings in Philippine History: A Workbook.
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya: SMU Publishing House.

De La Paz, C. L. (2016). Alfredo Roces: Man of Arts and Letters (First of Two Parts). Retrieved
from http://www.artesdelasfilipinas.com/archives/185/alfredo-roces-man-of-arts-and-letters-first-of-two-
parts-

Guerrero Milagros C., Encarnacion, Emmanuel N. and Villegas, Ramon N. (2013). Andres Bonifacio and the
1896 Revolution. NCCA Sulyap Kultura, 3-12.

Macaraeg, Stephen. (n.d.) Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista: The Unsung Hero of the Act of Proclamation of
Independence by the Filipino People. Retrieved September 24, 2020, from https://academia.edu.

National Historical Institute Centennial Publication (n.d.). The Philippine Revolution: The Act of Declaration of
Philippine Independence. Retrieved September 24, 2020, from https://filipino.biz.ph/history/declaration.html.

Pigafetta, Antonio. The First Voyage Around the World, 1519-1522: An Account of Magellan’s
Expedition. Translated by Stanley, Lord. 2003. Retrieved from https://en . The First _Voyage
_Round_the_ World/ Pigafetta% 27s_ Account_ of_ Magellan %27s_Voyage.

Pigafetta, Antonio. The First Voyage Around the World, 1519-1522: An Account of Magellan’s Expedition. Ed.
Theodore J. Cachey, Jr. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007.

Robertson, J. (2013). The light of liberty : Documents and Studies on the Katipunan, 1892-1897. Quezon City,
Philippines: Ateneo de Manila University Press.

UW Madison - Department of History. (2020). Alfred W. McCoy: Harrington Professor of History.

Retrieved from https://history.wisc.edu/people/mccoy-alfred-w/

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“In accordance with Section 185. Fair Use of a Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in
this material may be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.
 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: IM-GEHIST-1STSEM-2020-2021

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“In accordance with Section 185. Fair Use of a Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in
this material may be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution.