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STEAM POWER ADDITIONAL NOTES

The document provides detailed information on steam power plants, focusing on steam generators and boilers, including their rated horsepower, efficiency calculations, and energy losses. It also outlines the heat balance in boilers and presents equations for steam consumption at variable loads. Additionally, it includes several problems related to boiler performance and efficiency for practical application.

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James Lester Dela Cruz
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28 views3 pages

STEAM POWER ADDITIONAL NOTES

The document provides detailed information on steam power plants, focusing on steam generators and boilers, including their rated horsepower, efficiency calculations, and energy losses. It also outlines the heat balance in boilers and presents equations for steam consumption at variable loads. Additionally, it includes several problems related to boiler performance and efficiency for practical application.

Uploaded by

James Lester Dela Cruz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ADDITIONAL NOTES ON STEAM POWER PLANT

STEAM GENERATORS/BOILERS
Manufacturer’s Rated Hp
𝐻𝑆𝐴 𝐻𝑆𝐴
For FTB, rated Hp = 12𝑓𝑡2 𝑜𝑟 1.1𝑚2
For WTB, rated Hp = 10𝑓𝑡2 𝑜𝑟 0.93𝑚2
𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐻𝑝 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐻𝑝

Boiler Hp,

1BoHp=(34.5 lb/hr)(970.3 BTU/lb)=33 475.35 BTU/hr


or1BoHp=(15.65 kg/hr x hr/3600s)(2257 kJ/kg)=9.81kW

Boiler Output, BO
For simple set-up, BO=𝑚𝑠 (𝛥ℎ𝑓𝑤−𝑠 ) = 𝑚𝑠 (ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑓𝑤 )

Developed Boiler Hp
𝐵
Dev.BoHp = 𝐶𝐹 𝑡𝑜 𝑜𝐵
𝑜 𝐻𝑃

Boiler Efficiency
𝐵
𝜂𝑏 = 𝐸 𝑜 𝑥100% ; 𝐸𝑐𝑠 = 𝑚𝐹 𝐻𝐻𝑉
𝑐𝑠

Factor of evaporation Equivalent Evaporation Percent Rating


ℎ𝑠 −ℎ𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑣.𝐵 𝐻𝑝
𝐹𝐸 = 2257 𝑜𝑟 970.3 𝐸𝐸 = 𝑚𝑠 𝐹𝐸 %𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑𝑜𝐻𝑝

BOILER HEATBALANCE (Basis: English System of Units)

𝑇𝑎 = entering air temperature, °F 𝑐𝑝 = sp. heat of dry gas


𝑇𝑔 = temperature of flue gas, °F
ℎ𝑠 = enthalpy of steam leaving the boiler
ℎ𝑓𝑤 = enthalpy of feed water
ℎ𝐵 = enthalpy of blow down water
ℎ𝑟0 = enthalpy of reheat steam leaving steam
generator BTU/lb or; HHV = higher heating
value, BTU/lbfuel
ℎ𝑟𝑖 = enthalpy of reheat steam entering
steam generator
𝛥ℎ = enthalpy change of moisture from inlet
to flue gas condition
𝑤𝑠 = mass rate of steam per mass of fuel
𝑤𝑟 = mass rate of reheat steam per mass of
fuel
𝑤𝐵 = mass rate of blowdown per mass of fuel

1
Note: ℎ𝑔 , ℎ𝐵 , ℎ𝐹𝑊 , ℎ𝑟𝑜 , ℎ𝑟𝑖 & 𝛥ℎ 𝑖𝑛 𝐵𝑈𝑇/𝑙𝑏𝑣

1. USEFUL ENERGY
𝑄1 = 𝑤𝑠 (ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑓𝑤 ) + 𝑤𝑟 (ℎ𝑟𝑜 − ℎ𝑟𝑖 ) + 𝑤𝐵 (ℎ𝐵 − ℎ𝑓𝑤 )
2. ENERGY LOSS DUE TO MECHANICAL MOISTURE IN FUEL
𝑄2 = 𝑊𝛥ℎ ; ℎ = 1066 + 0.5𝑇𝑔 − 𝑇𝑎 & 𝛥ℎ = 1089 + 0.46𝑇𝑔 − 𝑇𝑎 𝑖𝑓 𝑇𝑔 ≤ 575°𝐹
3. ENERGY LOSS DUE TO MOISTURE FROM HEAT IN FUEL
𝑄3 = 9𝐻𝛥ℎ
4. ENERGY LOSS DUE TO MOISTURE FROM AIR
𝑄4 = (𝑊𝐴𝑉 )(0.47)(𝑇𝑔 − 𝑇𝑎 )
5. ENERGY LOSS DUE TO DRY GAS SENSIBLE HEAT
𝑄5 = (𝑊𝐷𝐺 )(𝑐𝑝 )(𝑇𝑔 − 𝑇𝑎 )
6. ENERGY LOSS DUE TO INCOMPLETE COMBUSTION
28 𝐶𝑂
𝑄6 = (𝑊𝐷𝐺 )[44𝐶𝑂 +28𝐶𝑂+28𝑁 +32𝑂 ](4380)
2 2 2
7. ENERGY LOSS DUE TO CARBON IN REFUSE
𝑄𝟕 = 𝑊𝑅 𝐶𝑅 (14544)
8. RADIATION & UNACCOUNTED LOSSES
7

𝑄8 = 𝐻𝐻𝑉 − ∑ 𝑄𝑛
𝑛=1

STEAM CONSUMPTION AT VARIABLE LOADS


(PART LOAD PERFORMANCE)
steam flow 𝑚𝑠𝐹𝐿
𝑚𝑠 𝑚𝑠𝐹𝐿 − 𝑚𝑠𝑁𝐿
𝑚𝑠 − 𝑚𝑠𝑁𝐿
𝑚𝑠𝑁𝐿

0 L FLload
𝑚𝑠𝑁𝐿 → steam consumption at no load (NL)
𝑚𝑠𝐹𝐿 → steam consumption at full load (FL)
𝑚𝑠 → steam consumption at any load (L)
by ratio & proportion:
𝑚𝑠 −𝑚𝑠𝑁𝐿 𝐿
= 𝐹𝐿
𝑚𝑠𝐹𝐿 −𝑚𝑠𝑁𝐿
𝑚 𝑚
𝑚𝑠 = 𝑚𝑠𝑁𝐿 + [ 𝑠𝐹𝐿−𝐹𝑙 𝑠𝑁𝐿 ] 𝐿
General Equation of Line:
y = a + bx
𝑦 → 𝑚𝑠
𝑎 → 𝑚𝑠𝑁𝐿
𝑚 −𝑚
𝑏 → 𝑠𝐹𝐿𝐹𝐿 𝑠𝑁𝐿
𝑥→𝐿
No Load Factor (NLF); 𝑁𝐿𝐹 = 𝑚𝑠𝑁𝐿 (𝛥ℎ @ 𝑠 = 𝑐)

2
ADD’L PROBLEMS

1. A steam boiler on test generates 885,000 lb of steam in a 4 hr period. The average steam
pressure is 400 psia, the ave. steam temperature is 700°F, & the average temperature of the
feed water supplied to the boiler is 280°F. If the boiler efficiency for the period is 82.5% and
if the coal has a heating value of 13 850 BTU/lb as fired, find the ave. amount of coal burned
in short tons per hour. Enthalpy of steam at 400 psia& 700°F is 1,362.7 BTU/lb& for feed
water at 280°F is 249.1 BTU/lb.
a.9.84 b.10.75 c.12.05 d.11.45
2. What would be the percentage of the over-all efficiency of a steam generator obtaining an
evaporation equivalent to10.95 kg of water from and to 100°C per kg of coal having 34,064
kJ/kg heating value?
a.73% b.74% c.82% d.70%
3. What is the percent rating of a water tube boiler if the heating surface area is 400 m2 and the
developed boiler horsepower is 750?
a.167.5% b.170% c.172.5% d.175%
4. The percent rating of a water tube boiler is 200%, factor of evaporation is 1.08 and heating
surface area is 256 m2. Find the rate of evaporation.
a.8,000 b.5,000 c.7,500 d.8,500
5. A steam boiler generating 7.1 kg/s of 4.137 MPa, 426.7°C steam (hg=3274.1 kJ/kg) is
continuously blown at the rate of 0.31 kg/s. Feed water enters the economizer at 148.9°C. The
furnace burns 0.75 kg of coal per sec of 30,470.6 kJ/kg heating value. Feed water enthalpy is
629.87 kJ/kg and enthalpy of blow down is 1,097.02 kJ/kg. The over-all thermal efficiency of
steam boiler is,
a.76% b.84% c.83% d.88%
6. Determine the Willan’s line equation for a 60,000 kW straight condensing turbi-alternator,
3,600 rpm which operates at 6 Mpaa& 510°C, (h=3,445 kJ/kg), throttle to 50 mmHg abs.
exhaust (h @ s=c is 2138 kJkg&hF=174.5 kJ/kg). No loda steam factor is 2.19x106 kJ/hr and
combined engine efficiency is 80%.
a. ms=1576+2.4L b. ms=1657+3.8L c.ms=1676+3.4L d.ms=1766+4.3L
7. In problem #6, calculate the combined thermal efficiency at 40,000 kW load.
a.31.8% b.45.1% c.28.7% d.25.3%

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