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Self-Learning Kit
Science
Quarter 4 - Week 1

RUFINA ROSE V. CANALES

WRITER
Science – Grade 6
Self-Learning Kit
Quarter 4 – Week 1
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
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materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not
represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer : Rufina Rose V. Canales

Editors/Reviewers : Marlyn V. Canales, Glyna A. Batulan,
:Jose Lloyd Bentoy, Rowena B. Maningo
Illustrator : Rufina Rose V. Canales
Layout Artist : Joel R. Capuyan, Rufina Rose V. Canales
Management Team : Leah P. Noveras, Ed.D., CESO VI
: Leviticus M. Barazon, Jr., Ph. D.
: Lilia R. Ybañez
: Marlyn V. Canales
: Reynilda G. Ramoneda
: Raymond L. Ceniza
: Joel R. Capuyan
: John Orven V. Saldana
Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Region VII Schools Division of Danao City

Office Address: Sitio Upland, National Road, Danao City, Cebu
Telephone No. (032) 262-6211
Telefax: [email protected]
E-mail Address: depeddanaocity.com
Note to the Learner

This Self-Learning Kit is prepared for you to learn the specified competencies
based on the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) for Science 6, Quarter 4,
Week 1. It is designed in a simplified structure to help you easily understand the lesson
for the week. It contains the following parts:

I Have Includes an activity that aims to check what you

Known already know about this lesson

I Can Consists of activities that will help you view the

Connect previous lesson and prepare you to the new one

Details the presentation and discussion of the

I Can Learn
concepts that you need to learn in this new lesson

Comprises of activities for independent practice to

I Can Try
check understanding of the new concepts learned

Contains exercises to validate your knowledge and

I Can Assess
understanding of the concepts learned

I Can Do Covers activities and exercises that you can do further

More to enrich your learning

Answer Key Contains the key to correction of all the exercises

Indicates the sources in the development of this Self-

References
Learning Kit (SLK)
 Lesson Title Changes Due to Earthquakes and
Volcanic Eruptions
Learning Describe the changes on the Earth’s surface as a result
Competency of earthquake and volcanic eruption.

MELC Code S6ES-iVa-1

I Have Known

Directions: Read each item carefully and encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. What occurrences are common among countries that lie along the Circumpacific
Belt or Pacific Ring of Fire?
A. tides and eclipses C. thunder and lightning
B. typhoons and floods D. volcanic eruptions and earthquake

2. Which of the following talks about the magnitude of an earthquake?

A. depth of focus C. distance from epicenter
B. duration of shaking D. amount of energy released

3. Which is formed when molten rock or magma finds its way and pressure acts on
the rocks beneath the surface of the earth?
A. mountain B. plateau C. valley D. volcano

4. What do you call the heat inside the volcano that comes out through holes or
vents?
A. fumaroles B. magma C. lava D. valley

5. It is the release of magma from the crater.

A. volcanic eruption C. earthquake eruption
B. soil erosion D. burned mountain

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 I Can Connect

The Earth is a dynamic and ever-changing planet. The humanity has adopted
those changes and has been making machines that would make life easier and better.
Aside from that, agents like wind, water, and ice erode and change the land. Volcanic
activities and earthquakes modify the landscape in a random and remarkable way.

The effects brought about by these changes might not be immediately visible,
but overtime, the effects would become greater, and thus, more observable.

The amount of change brought on Earth by various environmental factors and

events not only affects the surface of the Earth. It can also greatly affect the lives of
people, animals, and other organisms living within and near the area where change
occurs. That is why it is important to learn how or why certain changes takes place, why
they happen, and what we must do to prepare for them.

In this lesson we will be focusing on the changes that may happen due to
volcanic eruptions and earthquakes.

I Can Learn

Have you not wondered why there are changes happening after a volcanic
eruption and the occurrence of an earthquake? Why these changes happening? Try
to look at the picture after an earthquake had struck an area. Are there many changes
observed?

Before After

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 These are the area before and after a
volcanic eruption.

Before

What other changes that you have observed due to these phenomena?
Let us talk first on the changes brought by an earthquake. How these changes happen?

A. Changes Due to Earthquake

The earth consists of different layers. Its surface belongs to the first layer called the
crust. This layer is made up of several large and small plates. The middle layer is called
mantle. It is the widest layer of the earth and is made up of magma. The central layer is
called the core and is divided into a liquid layer called outer core and a solid layer
called inner core. See illustration of the layers of the Earth below.

https://th.bing.com/th/id/OIP.LSZV4dXW1PKTbQUWqx9yDwHaFi?pid=ImgDet&rs=1

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 The movement of the plates on the crust is often accompanied by earthquakes
and volcanic eruptions. An earthquake is the shaking of the ground.

Earthquakes happen when crustal plates move. As these plates move, some parts
of the earth’s crust are pushed toward each
other or away from each other. Their
movement causes nearby rocks to move as
well. These rocks break and slide past each
other. When rocks break, waves of energy are
released and sent out through the Earth. These
waves trigger an earthquake. The motion of
the ground during an earthquake is measured
by an instrument called a seismograph.

There are two types of earthquakes:

volcanic earthquake and tectonic
earthquake. A volcanic earthquake happens
with a strong volcanic eruption while a
tectonic earthquake is caused by the movement of the earth’s crust which may occur
above the ground or beneath the ocean.

The strength of an earthquake is measured in terms of magnitude and intensity.

Magnitude refers to the amount of energy released by an earthquake from its focus.
The focus is the break in the ground caused by the pressure of the moving rocks. This is
the place where the earthquake originates. The ground above the focus is called the
epicenter.

Intensity, on the other hand, refers to the effects of the earthquake as shown in
the destruction of buildings, infrastructures, crops, as well as number of casualties.

Historical records of earthquakes in the Philippines from 1589 to the present show
that our country is frequently hit by earthquakes. Some of these earthquakes have
caused many casualties and damages to properties. This is due to our country’s location
in the area where crustal plates are weak. This area is called the Circumpacific Belt or
the Pacific Ring of Fire.

In the Philippines, we use the PHIVOLCS (Philippine Institute of Volcanology and

Seismology) Earthquake Intensity Scale in measuring the earthquake’s intensity.

In measuring an earthquake’s magnitude, we use the Richter scale. It was

developed by Charles F. Richter, an American seismologist. Check and study the
Richter Scale chart below and notice how the magnitude is describe and how it can
be felt by people.

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How Do Earthquakes Change the Earth?

Earthquakes change the Earth by affecting and destroying landscapes,

structures, and environments, which threatens the inhabitants of an area and the area's
entire geology.

Earthquakes causes various of changes in the earth. It can reshape a mountain,

a plane, or even a valley. Tall buildings and infrastructures fall or slant because of
earthquakes. Can you still remember the strong earthquake that happened in Bohol?
Many of their infrastructures were broken, their roads were divided. It was a mess.

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 Earthquakes often cause dramatic changes at Earth’s surface. In addition to the
ground movements, other surface effects include changes in the flow of groundwater,
landslides, and mudflows. Earthquakes can do significant damage to buildings, bridges,
pipelines, railways, embankments, dams, and other structures.

What kind of damage does an earthquake cause?

Not only can earthquakes cause immediate and intense damage to the Earth’s
surface due to shakes, fractures, and faults, but this shifting of the Earth can create ripple
effects which cause other geographically destructive phenomena. One such common
result is a landslide.

B. Changes Due to Volcanic Eruption

Do you live in a place near a volcano? Have you seen a volcano? What is a
volcano? What do you think are the changes in the surface due to volcanic eruption?
A volcano is an opening in the Earth’s crust. Molten rocks, ashes, and gaseous
materials are forced out through
its opening. The opening of the
volcano is called the crater.
Volcanoes vary in sizes.
Some are just low-lying
depressions while others are tall,
like Mt. Mayon. Volcanoes also
vary in shape. Some are shaped
like a cone while others are like a
dome.

Have you seen several

news about volcanoes erupting?
How does a volcanic eruption
occur? When tectonic plates
collide, massive rocks underground deform and trigger a build-up of temperature and
pressure. The high temperature and pressure results in melting of rocks, producing
magma.
Inside the volcano is a magma chamber. Molten rock inside this chamber is
forcefully driven out by intense heat and pressure. The
release of magma
from the crater is
called a volcanic
eruption. The
magma that flows
out of the surface is
called lava. When a

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volcano erupts, it throws out lava together with gases, rocks, and ashes.
A volcanic eruption can be explosive or nonexplosive. An eruption is explosive
when large amounts of pyroclastic materials
are ejected by the volcano into the air.
Pyroclastic materials consist of lava, ashes,
volcanic glass, and rocks. It occurs when
gases in the magma are trapped, causing a
build up of pressure in the magma
chamber. As a result, the gases expand very
quickly and explode violently. This results in
a loud explosion that can last for several
hours or days.
In a nonexplosive eruption, the lava just flows out of the crater and gaps along
the sides of the volcano. This kind of eruption happens when there is less pressure in the
magma chamber. There is less pressure when magma is located near the Earth’s
surface.

Volcanic eruptions can cause damage to plants, animals, people, and property.
Aside from destruction, materials released by a volcano can have beneficial effects in
nature. What are some of its good and bad effects?
During a volcanic eruption, very hot lava flow can burn anything in its path. The
mudflow or lahar can cause landslides,
flooding, and immense damage to
buildings and farms. Volcanic ash and dust
released in the air can irritate the lungs
and cause health problems. Very strong
eruptions can also trigger earthquakes.

Despite the destruction it causes, a

volcanic eruption can also be beneficial.
The pyroclastic materials from a volcanic
eruption can make the soil fertile. The heat inside the volcano can cause gases to come
out through holes or vents called fumaroles. These fumaroles can provide geothermal
steam to generate electricity. Eruptions can also produce industrial materials like
pumice and sulfur. Pumice is used in grinding and polishing stones while sulfur is used in
making matches and firecrackers. The rocks from volcanoes also help scientists study
the interior of the earth.
Furthermore, volcanic eruptions cause a few changes in the earth. The
deformation and formation of islets and islands, the discovery of hot springs, geothermal
used energy, and the likes.

Volcanic eruptions involve the incursion of liquid magma into a physical

environment, and the effects include major transformations, ranging from the formation
of new land to the destruction of the viability of an existing environment. Just one
example of the creation of new land comes from the Hawaiian Islands, which appeared
as magma cooled into land after eruptions.
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 As lava flows across the ground in the wake of a volcanic eruption, any existing
plant life is at risk of immediate destruction. When lava mixes in with melting snow or rain
water, the flow speeds up, and the environmental effects accelerate as well, because
the destructive effects of the lava largely remain, but the spread is generally wider and
takes place more quickly.
.
The result of the eruptions involved the covering of the capital in mud and ash,
and the destruction of more than a dozen settlements which have been rendered
uninhabitable.

I Can Try

Animals and plants are affected due to

volcanic eruption.

Business establishments and

residences are also affected.

People’s lives are at risk due to

ashfall.

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 I Can Try

A. Directions: Match the word in Column A with its description in Column B.

Column A Column B

____ 1. Circumpacific Belt a. shaking and the trembling of the ground

____ 2. crust b. first layer of the earth
____ 3. Earthquake c. happens with a strong volcanic eruption
____ 4. Epicenter d. caused by the movement of the earth’s crust
e. amount of energy released by an earthquake
____ 5. Intensity from its focus
____ 6. Magnitude f. refers to the effects of the earthquake
____ 7. Tectonic earthquake g. location where crustal plates are weak
____ 8. Volcanic earthquake h. used to detect earthquake
i. area above where the earthquake originates

B. Directions: Write T on the blank if the statement is correct and F if not.

____ 1. The release of magma from the crater is called an earthquake.

____ 2. Pyroclastic materials consist of lava, ashes, and rocks.

____ 3. Volcanic eruptions may last for only a few minutes.

____ 4. When magma flows on the surface, it is already called lava.

____ 5. Fumaroles can provide geothermal steam to generate electricity.

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 I Can Assess

Directions: Read each item carefully and encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. What layer of the Earth is made up of tectonic plates?

A. crust B. inner core C. outer core D. mantle

2. This refers to the amount of energy released by the earthquake from its origin.
A. focus B. epicenter C. intensity D. magnitude

3. What is the Pacific Ring of Fire? An area_____________________.

A. where crustal plates are hard
B. where crustal plates are weak
C. without crustal plates
D. without earthquakes

4. At what magnitude can an earthquake cause displacement of buildings and

cracks on the earth’s surface?
A. magnitude 4 B. magnitude 5 C. magnitude 6 D. magnitude 7

5. Where is an earthquake’s epicenter found? It is directly ______________.

A. above the focus C. above the magnitude
B. below the focus D. below the magnitude

6. It is the magma that flows out on the surface.

A. lava B. mantle C. magma D. crater

7. What causes the production of magma?

A. the low temperature and pressure in the melting of rocks
B. the high temperature and pressure in the melting of rocks
C. the high temperature and low pressure in the melting of rocks
D. the low temperature and high pressure in the melting of rocks

8. How long does an explosive eruption lasts?

A. several weeks B. several months C. several years D. several hours and
days

9. What do you call the opening of the volcano?

A. magma B. mantle C. lava D. crater

10. The following are the materials that consists of the lava, EXCEPT____________.
A. oil B. ashes C. rocks D. lava

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 I Can Do More

Directions: Read each question carefully and write your answers on the spaces
provided for. (5 points each)
1. What changes do earthquakes bring on the surface of the earth?

_______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________.

2. What happens to a nonexplosive eruption?

____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________.

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 Answer Key

I Have Known I Can Try I Can Do More

1. D
2. D A.
1. Earthquakes change the
3. D
1. G Earth by affecting and
4. A
2. B destroying landscapes,
5. A
3. A
structures, and
4. I
environments, which
5. F
6. E threatens the inhabitants of
7. D an area and the area's
8. C entire geology. Earthquakes
B. also causes various of
changes in the earth. It can
1. F
reshape a mountain, a plane,
2. T
or even a valley. Tall buildings
3. F
and infrastructures fall or slant
4. T
because of earthquakes
5. T
2. When there is less pressure in
the magma chamber, the lava
just flows out of the crater and gaps
along the sides of the volcano.

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 References

• E. Sarte, E. Garcia, et.al, (2016). Science Beyond Borders Textbook Grade 6,

Philippines: Vibal Group, 2016
• E. Sarte, E. Garcia, et.al, (2016). Science Beyond Borders Teacher’s Manual Grade
6, Philippines: Vibal Group, 2016
• Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC)
• Untitled-design-17.png (600×350) (ownguru.com)
• Earthquake Description Infographics Vector Illustration Stock Vector (Royalty Free) 273881102
(shutterstock.com)
• Richter Scale & Magnitude (sms-tsunami-warning.com)
• What Happens When A Volcano Erupts? - WorldAtlas

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

DepEd – Danao City Division –Curriculum Implementation Division
Sitio Upland, National Road, Poblacion, Danao City, Cebu
Email Address: [email protected]
Website: depeddanaocity.com
Telephone No.: (032) 262-6211

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION VII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF DANAO CITY

WEEKLY LEARNING PLAN IN SCIENCE GRADE 6

QUARTER 4-WEEK 1
Learning Competency/ies Describe the changes on the Earth’s surface as a result of earthquake and
volcanic eruption. S6ES-iVa-1
Learning Tasks/Learning
Resources
A. Teacher’s Tasks:
1. Perform daily routine
❖ Prayer
❖ Greetings
❖ Attendance Check
2. Administer pre-test
❖ Let the leaners answer “I Have Known”, (SLK p.1)
3. Conduct review
❖ Review concepts of the lessons in the previous quarter. Draw background information
with learners on the present topic. Refer to “I Can Connect”, (SLK p.2)
4. Deliver the new lesson
❖ Discuss the new lesson by following the activities found in “I Can Learn”, (SLK pp. 2-8)
5. Check learner’s understanding
❖ Let the leaners do activities in “I Can Try”, (SLK p.9)
6. Validate learning
❖ Let the leaners answer “I Can Assess”, (SLK p.10)
7. Provide enrichment activity
❖ Let the leaners perform activities in “I Can Do More”, (SLK p.11)
B. Learner’s Tasks:
1. Answer “I Have Known”, (SLK p.1) and check your answer. Refer to Answer Key p.12.
2. Read and review concepts in “I Can Connect”, (SLK p.2)
3. Read and understand the new lesson presented in “I Can Learn”, (SLK pp. 2-8)
4. Do activities in “I Can Try”, (SLK p. 9). Check your answer on p. 12.
5. Answer “I Can Assess”, (SLK p.10) and submit your answer sheet.
6. Perform activities in “I Can Do More”, (SLK p. 11). Refer your answer on p. 12.
Prepared by:

RUFINA ROSE V. CANALES

Writer

Contact No: 0997 164 9419

Email Account: [email protected]
FB Account: Rufina Rose Canales-Anciano

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ANS. KEY: I Can Assess (For Teachers’ consumption only

1. A 6. A
2. D 7. B
3. B 8. D
4. D 9. D
5. A 10. A

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