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UNIT 4 DATA COMMUNICATION AND COMPUTER NETWORK

The document outlines key concepts in data communication and computer networks, including properties of good communication systems, components of communication, functions of network devices, causes of signal impairments, and differences between radio waves and microwaves. It also discusses the OSI model, standard organizations, topologies with their merits and demerits, examples of LAN, WAN, and MAN, and explains bit rate and baud rate. Each section provides essential definitions and explanations relevant to the field of networking.

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hasnainrashid61
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21 views

UNIT 4 DATA COMMUNICATION AND COMPUTER NETWORK

The document outlines key concepts in data communication and computer networks, including properties of good communication systems, components of communication, functions of network devices, causes of signal impairments, and differences between radio waves and microwaves. It also discusses the OSI model, standard organizations, topologies with their merits and demerits, examples of LAN, WAN, and MAN, and explains bit rate and baud rate. Each section provides essential definitions and explanations relevant to the field of networking.

Uploaded by

hasnainrashid61
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT 4

DATA COMMUNICATION AND COMPUTER NETWORK


QUESTION/ANSWERS
1. List the properties of a good communication system. Explain any one.

Properties of a good communication system:

• Clarity

• Reliability

• Speed

• Security

• Cost-effectiveness

Explanation of Clarity:
Clarity ensures that the transmitted message is easy to understand without distortion or ambiguity.
This is crucial for effective communication, especially in complex systems.

2. Explain components of communication using a single example.

Components of communication:

• Sender: Originates the message.

• Message: The information to be communicated.

• Medium: The channel used to transmit the message.

• Receiver: The intended recipient of the message.

• Feedback: The response from the receiver to confirm understanding.

Example:
A manager (sender) sends an email (medium) to an employee (receiver) with instructions (message).
The employee replies (feedback) to confirm receipt.

3. Write the function of the following network devices.

• Amplifiers: Boost weak signals to extend the communication range.

• Routers: Direct data packets between networks based on IP addresses.

• Switch: Connects multiple devices in a network and forwards data to the correct device.

• Hub: Connects multiple devices in a network and broadcasts data to all devices.

4. List the causes of signal impairments. Explain any one.

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Causes of signal impairments:

• Attenuation

• Noise

• Distortion

Explanation of Attenuation:
Attenuation refers to the gradual loss of signal strength as it travels over a distance. This can be
mitigated using amplifiers.

5. What is the difference between radio wave and microwave?

Radio Wave Microwave

Longer wavelength and lower frequency. Shorter wavelength and higher frequency.

Used for AM/FM radio and TV broadcasting. Used in satellite communication and Wi-Fi.

6. Why is the OSI model broken up into layers?

The OSI model is layered to:

1. Simplify troubleshooting by isolating issues in specific layers.

2. Standardize communication protocols for interoperability.

3. Allow independent development and upgrades for each layer.

7. Explain the purpose of Standard Organization.

Standard organizations, like ISO and IEEE, create guidelines to ensure compatibility and quality in
technology. These standards promote interoperability, reliability, and efficiency across global
systems.

8. List one merit and one demerit of each topology.

Topology Merit Demerit

Star Easy to isolate faults. Failure of central hub affects entire network.

Bus Cost-effective and easy to Entire network fails if the backbone cable
implement. breaks.

Ring Equal access for all devices. Failure in one device affects the whole
network.

Mesh Highly reliable and fault-tolerant. Expensive and complex to implement.

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9. Give one example of LAN, WAN, and MAN.

• LAN (Local Area Network): Office or school network.

• WAN (Wide Area Network): The internet.

• MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): City-wide Wi-Fi.

10. How can we measure bit rate and baud rate? Give an example of each.

• Bit Rate: Measures the number of bits transmitted per second. Example: 1 Mbps means 1
million bits per second.

• Baud Rate: Measures the number of signal changes per second. Example: If a signal changes
1000 times per second, the baud rate is 1000.

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