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WTG Basics

The document provides an overview of wind turbine generators, explaining their function of converting wind energy into electrical energy and detailing four types: Fixed speed, Variable slip, Doubly-fed induction, and Full converter wind turbines. Each type is described with its operational principles, including the use of various generators and reactive power compensation methods. The document also references a source for further information on modeling and control design of wind turbines.

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Rajeshkannan
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19 views

WTG Basics

The document provides an overview of wind turbine generators, explaining their function of converting wind energy into electrical energy and detailing four types: Fixed speed, Variable slip, Doubly-fed induction, and Full converter wind turbines. Each type is described with its operational principles, including the use of various generators and reactive power compensation methods. The document also references a source for further information on modeling and control design of wind turbines.

Uploaded by

Rajeshkannan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DINESH R

WIND TURBINE GENERATOR:


A wind turbine is a device that converts the wind's kinetic energy into
electrical energy. Wind turbines are manufactured in a wide range of sizes, with
either horizontal or vertical axes. It is estimated that hundreds of thousands of large
turbines, in installations known as wind farms, now generate over 650 Giga watts
of power.

TYPES OF WIND TURBINE GENERATOR:


There are four types:
 Type I –Fixed speed wind turbine
 Type II - Variable slip-wind turbine
 Type III- Doubly-fed induction generator wind turbine
 Type IV - Full converter wind turbine

Type I –Fixed speed wind turbine:

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DINESH R

This topology corresponds to the constant or fixed speed controlled wind


turbine with asynchronous squirrel cage induction generator (SGIG) directly
connected to the electric grid using step up power transformer depicted in above
figure. Since the squirrel cage induction generator always draws reactive power
from AC network, this concept requires a reactive compensator, such as capacitor
bank, in order to reduce or even eliminate the reactive power demand from these
turbines to grid. Smooth grid connection is obtained by including a soft starter.

Type II - Variable slip-wind turbine:

This topology corresponds to the partial variable speed controlled wind


turbine with variable generator rotor resistance. It uses a wound rotor induction
generator (WRIG) the rotor windings of the generator are connected in series with
a controlled resistance, whose size defines the range of the variable speed
(typically 0-10% above the synchronous speed) a capacitor bank performs reactive
power compensation and a smoother grid connection is obtain by including soft
starter.
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DINESH R

The distinctive feature of the concepts is that it has a variable additional


rotor resistance, which is changed by an optical controlled converter mounted on
the rotor shift. By varying the rotor resistance, the slip and thus the power output of
the wind turbine can be controlled.

Type III- Doubly-fed induction generator wind turbine:

The principle of the DFIG is that stator winding are connected to the grid
and rotor winding are connected to the converter via slip rings and back-to-back
voltage source converter that controls both the rotor and the grid currents. Thus the
rotor frequency can freely differ from the grid frequency (50 or 60 Hz) by using
the converter to control the rotor currents. It is possible to adjust the active and
reactive power fed to the grid from the start independently of the generator’s
turning speed.

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www.powerprojectsindia.com
DINESH R

Type IV - Full converter wind turbine:

This configuration corresponds to the direct-in-line full variable speed


controlled wind turbine with the generator connected to the electric grid through a
full-scale power converter. A synchronous generator is used to produce variable
frequency AC power. The power converter connected in series (in-line) with the
wind turbine generator transform this variable frequency AC power into fixed
frequency AC power. This power converter also allows controlling the reactive
power compensation locally generated, and a smooth grid connection for the entire
speed range. The generator can be electrically excited (wound rotor synchronous
generator, PMSG) or permanent magnet excited type (permanent magnet
synchronous generator, PMSG) some full variable speed wind turbine system have
no gearbox and use a direct multi-pole generator.

Reference:

Modelling and Control Design of Pitch-Controlled Variable Speed Wind


Turbines by Marcelo Gustavo Molina and Pedro Enrique Mercado.

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www.powerprojectsindia.com

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