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The Union Executive in India comprises the President, Vice President, Prime Minister, and the Council of Ministers, responsible for the country's administration. The President serves as the ceremonial head and has various powers including executive, legislative, and emergency powers, while the Prime Minister leads the government and formulates policies. The Union Legislature, consisting of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, is the supreme legislative body, and the Union Judiciary, led by the Supreme Court, interprets the Constitution and upholds justice.

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7 views

AECC_unit2

The Union Executive in India comprises the President, Vice President, Prime Minister, and the Council of Ministers, responsible for the country's administration. The President serves as the ceremonial head and has various powers including executive, legislative, and emergency powers, while the Prime Minister leads the government and formulates policies. The Union Legislature, consisting of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, is the supreme legislative body, and the Union Judiciary, led by the Supreme Court, interprets the Constitution and upholds justice.

Uploaded by

mikunandi6969
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Union Government - Union

Executive

The Union Executive consists of the


President, Vice President, Prime
Minister, and the Council of Ministers.
They are responsible for the
administration of the country.

President of India

The President is the ceremonial head of


the Indian state and the highest
constitutional authority.

1. Role and Position

• Ceremonial Head: Represents the


unity of the nation and performs
ceremonial duties.

• Constitutional Authority: Acts on


the advice of the Prime Minister and
the Council of Ministers.
2. Election and Term
• Elected by an electoral college,
including Members of Parliament
{MPs) and Legislative Assembly
{MLA) members.

• Serves for 5 years and is eligible for


re-election.

3. Powers and Functions


• Executive Powers: Appoints the
Prime Minister, other ministers,
Governors, judges, and key
officials.

• Legislative Powers: Summons and


dissolves Parliament, approves bills,
and addresses Parliament sessions.

• Judicial Powers: Can pardon or


reduce punishments.

• Emergency Powers: Can declare a


national, state, or financial
emergency.
4. Impeachment

• The President can be removed for


violating the Constitution by a two-
thirds majority in Parliament.

Vice President of India

The Vice President is the second-


highest constitutional officer and plays
an important supportive role.

1 . Role and Position

• Acts as the President in case of the


latter's absence or vacancy.

• Ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya


Sabha (Council of States).

2. Election and Term


• Elected by the members of
Parliament for a term of 5 years and
can be re-elected.
3. Functions
• Presides over Rajya Sabha sessions
and maintains discipline.

• Acts as the President when the


office is vacant.

Prime Minister of India

The Prime Minister is the head of


government and holds the real
executive power.

1. Role and Position

• Leader of the majority party in Lok


Sabha and head of the Council of
Ministers.

• Chief decision-maker in national


and international policies.

2. Powers and Functions


• Executive Role: Formulates
policies, leads the Cabinet, and
ensures smooth administration.
1 . Composition
• Cabinet Ministers: Senior
ministers in charge of important
ministries like Finance, Defense,
etc.

• Ministers of State: Junior ministers


assisting Cabinet Ministers.

• Deputy Ministers: Handle specific


areas under ministries.

2. Functions
• Formulates and implements policies
and laws.

• Advises the President and oversees


administration.

3. Accountability
• Collectively responsible to the Lok
Sabha and answerable for their
actions.
Union Legislature - Parliament

India's Parliament is the supreme


legislative body and consists of the Lok
Sabha and Rajya Sabha.

Lok Sabha (House of the People)

• Directly elected by citizens, with a


maximum of 543 members.

• Members serve a 5-year term.

• Controls finances and holds the


government accountable.

Rajya Sabha (Council of States)

• Consists of 245 members: 233


elected by state assemblies and 12
nominated by the President.

• Members serve a 6-year term, with


one-third retiring every 2 years.

• Reviews laws and protects states'


interests.
Union Judiciary

The Supreme Court of India is the


highest judicial authority and interprets
the Constitution.

1 . Structure

• Composed of the Chief Justice of


India (CJI} and a maximum of 34
judges.

• Judges are appointed by the


President based on the collegium
system.

2. Functions
• Judicial Review: Ensures laws are
constitutional.

• Original Jurisdiction: Handles


disputes between states or the
Union.

• Appellate Jurisdiction: Hears


appeals from High Courts.

• Protects fundamental rights and


resolves constitutional disputes.
3. Significance
• Acts as the guardian of the
Constitution and upholds justice.

Example Questions

1. Short Questions

• What are the emergency powers of


the President?

• Who appoints the Prime Minister


and other ministers?

• What is the tenure of a Supreme


Court judge?

2. Long Questions
• Describe the functions and powers
of the President.

• Discuss the role of the Prime


Minister in Indian democracy.

• Write about the structure and


significance of the Supreme Court.

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