Bachelor of Business Administration

First Year / First Semester Courses

YEAR 1 Courses Credit
hours
260/261/262 BBA111 Principles of Management 12
260/261/262/263/ 12
Academic writing and Communication Skills
LS112
260/261/262/263ACC1 12
Financial Accounting I
13
260/261/262ECO114 Microeconomics 12
260/261/262CSE115 Introduction to Information Systems 12
263ACC111 Introduction to Accounting 12
263ECO114 Principles of Microeconomics and 12
Macroeconomics
263MAT115 Business Mathematics 12
First Year Courses

E1.1. Course Code: 260BBA111 Course Name: Principles of Management

E1.1.1 Rationale
The Principles of Management module introduces students to the
fundamental concepts of managing organizations. It aims to provide an
understanding of the core functions of management, including planning,
organizing, leading, and controlling. By addressing both Western
management principles and their application in local and global contexts,
the module equips students with knowledge essential for effective
leadership. This module is fundamental in fostering critical thinking,
decision-making, and problem-solving skills that are pivotal in today's
dynamic business environments.

E1.1.2 Learning outcomes

By the end of this module, students will be able to:
i. Demonstrate an understanding of the key functions of management
and their interrelationships.
ii. Analyze the impact of different management styles on
organizational effectiveness.
iii. Apply management theories and concepts in real-world
organizational settings.
iv. Critically assess the external and internal factors influencing
managerial decisions.
v. Develop problem-solving strategies using management principles

E1.1.3 Course content

Unit 1: Introduction to Management

1.1 Definitions and Nature of Management
1.2 The Management Process
1.3 Levels and Roles of Managers
 Unit 2: Evolution of Management Theories
2.1 Scientific Management
2.2 Administrative Theory
2.3 Human Relations and Behavioral Approaches
2.4 Contemporary Approaches to Management

Unit 3: Organizational Culture and Environment

3.1 Organizational Culture: Definitions and Importance
3.2 The External Environment: Opportunities and Threats
3.3 The Internal Environment: Strengths and Weaknesses
3.4 Managerial Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility

Unit 4: Planning and Decision Making

4.1 The Nature and Purpose of Planning
4.2 Types of Plans: Strategic, Tactical, and Operational
4.3 Decision-Making Models and Techniques
4.4 Strategic Management Process

Unit 5: Leadership and Control

5.1 Leadership: Styles and Theories
5.2 Motivation Theories and Practices
5.3 The Control Process: Types and Techniques
5.4 Case Studies in Leadership and Control

E 1.1.4 Teaching and Learning Methods

Lectures 5hrs/Week
Self-Study 2hrs/Week

E1.1.5 Assessment
Continuous Assessment 40%
Assignments/Seminar 20%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%
E1.1.6 Prescribed Readings
1. Robbins, S.P. & Coulter, M. (2020). Management. 14th Edition. Pearson.
2. Cole, G.A. (2019). Management: Theory and Practice. 10th Edition.
Cengage Learning.
3. Griffin, R.W. (2021). Management. 13th Edition. Cengage Learning.
4. Daft, R.L. (2021). Management. 14th Edition. Cengage Learning.

E1.1.7 Recommended Readings

1. Stoner, J.A.F., Freeman, R.E. & Gilbert, D.R. (2016). Management. 6th
Edition. Pearson.
2. Luthans, F. (2019). Organizational Behavior. 13th Edition. McGraw-Hill.
3. Mullins, L. (2021). Management and Organisational Behaviour. 12th
Edition. Pearson.
4. Mintzberg, H. (2009). Managing. Pearson.
5. Armstrong, M. (2020). A Handbook of Management and Leadership: A
Guide to Managing for Results. Kogan Page.

E1.2. COURSE CODE: 260LS112 COURSE NAME:

Academic writing and communication skills
E1.2.1 Rationale
The Academic Writing and Communication Skills module is foundational
for developing the competencies necessary for success in academic and
professional settings. This module aims to enhance students' ability to
produce clear, coherent, and well-structured academic texts while also
fostering effective communication skills. It equips students with the
techniques to research, analyze, and present information persuasively,
enabling them to meet the rigorous standards of academic writing and
business communication. With a focus on practical application, the module
also addresses common challenges in writing and communication,
preparing students for success in their studies and future business
careers.
.

E1.2.2 Learning outcomes

By the end of this module, students will be able to:
 Write clear, concise, and well-structured academic essays, reports,
and research papers.
 Analyze and evaluate sources of information to construct logical
arguments and support ideas effectively.
 Utilize verbal and non-verbal communication techniques for
professional and academic presentations.
 Apply proper citation styles and avoid plagiarism in academic work.
 Use digital tools to enhance the quality of written work and
presentations.

E1.2.3 Course content

Unit 1: Fundamentals of Academic Writing

1.1 Importance of Academic Writing in Higher Education
1.2 Characteristics of Effective Academic Writing
1.3 Writing Styles: Descriptive, Analytical, Critical, and Reflective
1.4 Understanding the Writing Process: Planning, Drafting, Revising, and
Editing
1.5 Structuring Academic Essays: Introduction, Body, and Conclusion
1.6 Writing Thesis Statements and Topic Sentences
1.7 Common Grammar and Syntax Errors in Academic Writing
1.8 Writing for Different Purposes: Reports, Essays, and Research Papers

Unit 2: Research and Referencing Skills

2.1 Conducting Academic Research: Finding Reliable Sources
2.2 Evaluating and Synthesizing Information from Various Sources
2.3 Citation and Referencing Styles: APA, MLA, and Chicago
2.4 Avoiding Plagiarism: Ethical Use of Sources
2.5 Paraphrasing, Summarizing, and Quoting in Academic Writing
2.6 Creating Annotated Bibliographies
2.7 Tools for Reference Management: EndNote, Zotero, and Mendeley

Unit 3: Effective Communication Skills

3.1 Principles of Effective Communication: Clarity, Conciseness, and
Coherence
3.2 Active Listening and Constructive Feedback in Communication
3.3 Non-verbal Communication: Body Language and Tone
3.4 Strategies for Professional Email Writing
3.5 Writing Business Letters, Memos, and Proposals
3.6 Intercultural Communication in a Globalized World
3.7 Conflict Resolution through Effective Communication

Unit 4: Academic Presentation Skills

4.1 Planning and Structuring Presentations
4.2 Using Visual Aids Effectively: Slides, Charts, and Infographics
4.3 Public Speaking Techniques: Overcoming Stage Fright
4.4 Engaging Your Audience: Storytelling and Persuasion Techniques
4.5 Handling Questions and Feedback during Presentations
4.6 Time Management in Delivering Presentations
4.7 Tools for Creating Dynamic Presentations: PowerPoint, Prezi, Canva

Unit 5: Writing for Specific Purposes

5.1 Writing Academic Proposals
5.2 Crafting Personal Statements for Scholarships or Internships
5.3 Developing Abstracts and Summaries
5.4 Writing Literature Reviews
 5.5 Business Communication for Professionals: Emails, Reports, and
Proposals
5.6 Writing for Digital Platforms: Blogs and Social Media
5.7 Case Studies: Analyzing and Presenting Academic and Business
Problems

E 1.2.4 Teaching and Learning Methods

Lectures 5hrs/Week
Self-Study 2hrs/Week

E1.2.5 Assessment
Continuous Assessment 40%
Assignments/Seminar 20%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

E1.2.6 Prescribed Readings

1. Bailey, S. (2017). Academic Writing: A Handbook for International
Students (5th ed.). Routledge.
2. Pfeiffer, W. S., & Adkins, K. E. (2020). Technical Communication: A
Practical Approach (9th ed.). Pearson.
3. McCarthy, M., & O'Dell, F. (2016). Academic Vocabulary in Use (2nd
ed.). Cambridge University Press.
4. Swales, J. M., & Feak, C. B. (2012). Academic Writing for Graduate
Students: Essential Tasks and Skills (3rd ed.). University of Michigan
Press.
5. Guffey, M. E., & Loewy, D. (2021). Essentials of Business
Communication (12th ed.). Cengage Learning.
6. Northedge, A. (2012). The Good Study Guide. Open University

E1.2.7 Recommended Readings

1. Wallwork, A. (2016). English for Writing Research Papers (2nd ed.).
Springer.
2. Cottrell, S. (2019). The Study Skills Handbook (5th ed.). Red Globe
Press.
 3. Hartley, J. (2008). Academic Writing and Publishing: A Practical
Handbook. Routledge.
4. Becker, H. S. (2007). Writing for Social Scientists: How to Start and
Finish Your Thesis, Book, or Article (2nd ed.). University of Chicago
Press.
5. Greetham, B. (2018). How to Write Better Essays (5th ed.). Palgrave
Macmillan.
6. Duarte, N. (2012). HBR Guide to Persuasive Presentations. Harvard
Business Review Press.

E1.3. Course Code: 260ACC113 Course Name: Financial

Accounting I
E1.3.1 Rationale
The Financial Accounting I module introduces students to the principles
and practices of financial accounting, which form the foundation of
business decision-making processes. The module emphasizes the
understanding of accounting frameworks, preparation of financial
statements, and key accounting concepts essential for assessing business
performance. Students will gain critical knowledge to prepare, interpret,
and analyze financial data relevant to business environments, ensuring
they are well-equipped to make informed decisions in diverse sectors.

E1.3.2 Learning outcomes

By the end of this module, students will be able to:
 Understand the role of financial accounting in business decision-
making.
 Prepare and interpret basic financial statements, including the
income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement.
 Understand and apply the double-entry bookkeeping system for
recording business transactions.
 Analyze financial transactions and year-end adjustments in
accordance with accounting principles.
 Assess financial reports for profitability, liquidity, and risk.

E1.3.3 Course content

Unit 1: Introduction to Financial Accounting

1.1 Definition, purpose, and scope of financial accounting.
1.2 The role of accounting in business decision-making.
1.3 Users of financial information and their requirements.
1.4 Principles and concepts of accounting (going concern, accrual basis,
consistency, etc.).

Unit 2: Accounting Model and Transaction Recording

2.1 The accounting equation: assets, liabilities, and owners’ equity.
2.2 Double-entry system: journal entries, ledgers, and trial balances.
2.3 Impact of business transactions on financial statements.
 2.4 The accounting cycle and preparation of final accounts.

Unit 3: Financial Statements

3.1 Structure and preparation of the income statement.
3.2 Understanding the balance sheet and its components.
3.3 Cash flow statement: concepts and preparation.
3.4 Distinction between profit and cash flow.

Unit 4: Year-End Adjustments

4.1 Depreciation methods and accounting for fixed assets.
4.2 Stock/inventory valuation methods (FIFO, LIFO, weighted average).
4.3 Bad debts, provisions, and reserves.
4.4 Adjusting entries for accruals and prepayments.

Unit 5: Interpretation of Financial Statements

5.1 Introduction to ratio analysis: profitability, liquidity, and efficiency
ratios.
5.2 Use of financial statements for decision-making.
5.3 Limitations of financial statements in assessing business
performance.
5.4 Case studies on interpreting financial reports.

E 1.3.4 Teaching and Learning Methods

Lectures 5hrs/Week
Self-Study 2hrs/Week

E1.3.5 Assessment
Continuous Assessment 40%
Assignments/Seminar 20%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

E1.3.6 Prescribed Readings

1. Wood, F., & Sangster, A. (2022). Business Accounting Volume 1.
Pearson Education.
 2. Elliot, B., & Elliot, J. (2020). Financial Accounting and Reporting.
Pearson.
3. Atrill, P., & McLaney, E. (2018). Financial Accounting for Decision
Makers. Pearson Education.

E1.3.7 Recommended Readings

1. Libby, R., Libby, P., & Hodge, F. (2019). Financial Accounting. McGraw-
Hill Education.
2. Harrison, W. T., Horngren, C. T., Thomas, C. W., & Tietz, W. M. (2018).
Financial Accounting. Pearson.
3. Weygandt, J. J., Kimmel, P. D., & Kieso, D. E. (2020). Financial
Accounting: IFRS Edition. Wiley

E1.4. 260ECO114: Microeconomics

E1.4.1 Rationale
 The Microeconomics module introduces students to foundational economic
theories and principles related to individual and firm decision-making
processes in markets. It equips learners with analytical tools to understand
consumer behavior, market structures, production costs, and firm
strategies. Understanding microeconomics is crucial for business students
to evaluate how markets function, how prices are set, and how business
decisions are made in the context of scarcity and opportunity costs.

E1.4.2 Learning outcomes

By the end of this module, students should be able to:
I. Demonstrate an understanding of the core principles of
microeconomic theory.
II. Analyze the behavior of consumers and firms using theoretical and
quantitative methods.
III. Assess different types of market structures and the role of
competition.
IV. Apply the concept of elasticity in understanding changes in supply,
demand, and price.
V. Evaluate the impact of government policies on market outcomes,
including taxation and regulation

E1.4.3 Course content

Unit 1: Introduction to Microeconomics

1.1 Definition of economics and microeconomics.
1.2 The scope of microeconomics: Scarcity, choice, and opportunity
cost.
1.3 The methodology of economics: positive vs. normative economics.
1.4 Microeconomic models and their application in decision making.

Unit 2: Consumer Behavior

2.1 Utility theory and indifference curve analysis.
2.2 Budget constraints and consumer choice.
2.3 The concept of marginal utility.
2.4 Elasticity of demand: Price, income, and cross elasticity.
 Unit 3: Production and Costs
3.1 Short-run and long-run production functions.
3.2 Law of diminishing returns.
3.3 Costs in the short run and long run: Total, average, and marginal
costs.
3.4 Economies of scale and diseconomies of scale.

Unit 4: Market Structures

4.1 Perfect competition: Characteristics and outcomes.
4.2 Monopoly: Pricing and output decisions, efficiency issues.
4.3 Oligopoly and monopolistic competition.
4.4 Game theory and strategic behavior of firms.

Unit 5: Market Failures and Government Intervention

5.1 Market failure: Externalities, public goods, and common resources.
5.2 Government intervention: Taxes, subsidies, and regulation.
5.3 Price controls: Minimum and maximum price policies.
5.4 Welfare economics and the role of government

E 1.4.4 Teaching and Learning Methods

Lectures 5hrs/Week
Self-Study 2hrs/Week

E1.4.5 Assessment
Continuous Assessment 40%
Assignments/Seminar 20%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

E1.5.6 Prescribed Readings

1. Case, K., Fair, R., & Oster, S. (2020). Principles of Microeconomics (11th
ed.). Pearson.
2. Hubbard, G., & O'Brien, A. (2020). Microeconomics (5th ed.). Pearson.
3. O'Sullivan, A., Sheffrin, S., & Perez, S. (2020). Microeconomics:
Principles, Applications, and Tools (8th ed.). Pearson.
E1.5.7 Recommended Readings
1. Varian, H. (2014). Intermediate Microeconomics: A Modern Approach
(9th ed.). W.W. Norton & Company.
2. Pindyck, R., & Rubinfeld, D. (2017). Microeconomics (9th ed.). Pearson.
3. Mankiw, N. G. (2020). Principles of Microeconomics (9th ed.). Cengage
Learning.

E1.5. Course Code: 260CSE115 Course Name: Introduction to

Information Systems

E1.5.1 Rationale
The Introduction to Information Systems module is designed to
provide students with a foundational understanding of how information
 systems are utilized in business environments to support decision-making,
enhance productivity, and gain a competitive edge. The course
emphasizes the role of information systems in the global business
environment and highlights how businesses can leverage technology to
manage operations, marketing, human resources, and finance. Given the
increasing reliance on data-driven solutions in business, this course aims
to prepare future business administrators with essential technical and
analytical skills.

E1.5.2 Learning outcomes

By the end of this module, students should be able to:
i. Demonstrate an understanding of the fundamental concepts of
information systems and their role in business operations.
ii. Analyze the role of information systems in improving business
efficiency and decision-making.
iii. Utilize information technologies such as databases, networks, and
cloud computing in solving business problems.
iv. Evaluate the importance of information systems security, ethics,
and compliance in the context of business.
v. Demonstrate knowledge of IT resource management including
software, hardware, data, and people in the business environment.

E1.5.3 Course content

Unit 1: Introduction to Information Systems

1.1 Definition and components of information systems (hardware,
software, data, procedures, and people)
1.2 Types of information systems (transaction processing systems,
decision support systems, and executive support systems)
1.3 Role of information systems in business functions (operations,
marketing, finance, HR)

Unit 2: Information Systems in Business

2.1 Business processes and the importance of aligning IT with business
strategy
 2.2 Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems and their applications in
businesses
2.3 The impact of information systems on organizational structure and
business competitiveness
2.4 Case studies on the use of information systems in various industries

Unit 3: Databases and Data Management

3.1 Introduction to databases: relational databases, key concepts of
data storage and retrieval
3.2 Database management systems (DBMS)
3.3 Data warehousing, data mining, and business intelligence
3.4 Importance of data quality and integrity in business decision-
making

Unit 4: Networks, E-Business, and E-Commerce

4.1 Fundamentals of networking and telecommunications (LAN, WAN,
internet)
4.2 E-commerce and its business applications: B2B, B2C, C2C
4.3 Cloud computing and its impact on business operations
4.4 Cybersecurity and business information systems security measures

Unit 5: Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues in Information Systems

5.1 Ethical issues in information systems: privacy, intellectual property,
and ethical use of data
5.2 Legal frameworks governing IT use (e.g., data protection
regulations, copyright laws)
5.3 Social issues: the digital divide, IT's impact on the workforce
5.4 Case studies on data breaches and their consequences on
businesses

E 1.5.4 Teaching and Learning Methods

Lectures 4hrs/Week
Self-Study 2hrs/Week

E1.5.5 Assessment
Continuous Assessment 40%
 Assignments/Seminar 20%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

E1.5.6 Prescribed Readings

1. Laudon, K.C., & Laudon, J.P. (2020). Management Information Systems:
Managing the Digital Firm (16th Edition). Pearson.
2. Stair, R., & Reynolds, G. (2019). Fundamentals of Information Systems
(9th Edition). Cengage Learning.
3. Turban, E., Pollard, C., & Wood, G. (2018). Information Technology for
Management: On-Demand Strategies for Performance, Growth, and
Sustainability (11th Edition). Wiley.
4. O'Brien, J.A., & Marakas, G.M. (2015). Introduction to Information Systems
(16th Edition). McGraw-Hill.

E1.5.7 Recommended Readings

1. Valacich, J.S., & Schneider, C. (2020). Information Systems Today:
Managing the Digital World (9th Edition). Pearson.
2. Rainer, R.K., Prince, B., & Watson, H.J. (2019). Introduction to Information
Systems: Enabling and Transforming Business (8th Edition). Wiley.
3. Kroenke, D.M., & Boyle, R. (2020). Using MIS (12th Edition). Pearson.
4. Pearlson, K.E., Saunders, C.S., & Galletta, D.F. (2019). Managing and Using
Information Systems: A Strategic Approach (7th Edition). Wiley.
5. Bidgoli, H. (2018). MIS2 (4th Edition). Cengage Learning.

E1.1. Course Code: 263ACC111 Course Name: Introduction to

Accounting

E1.1.1 Rationale
The Introduction to Accounting module is designed to provide students with
foundational knowledge and skills in accounting principles and practices. It
serves as a gateway to understanding the financial aspects of business
operations, including the preparation, analysis, and interpretation of financial
statements. The module equips students with the ability to record, process, and
report financial transactions, fostering a robust understanding of accounting as
the "language of business." This knowledge is essential for pursuing advanced
accounting studies and making informed decisions in financial and managerial
roles.

E1.1.2 Learning outcomes

Upon successful completion of this module, students will be able to:
i. Explain the fundamental concepts and principles of accounting,
including the accounting equation and double-entry system.
ii. Record, process, and summarize financial transactions in accordance
with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP).
iii. Prepare basic financial statements, including the income statement,
balance sheet, and cash flow statement.
iv. Analyze and interpret financial statements to evaluate organizational
performance.
v. Demonstrate ethical considerations in accounting practices and
decision-making.

E1.1.3. Course Content

Unit 1: Introduction to Accounting Fundamentals

1.1 Definition and Importance of Accounting
1.2 Types of Accounting (Financial, Management, and Cost Accounting)
1.3 Users of Accounting Information
1.4 Basic Accounting Terminologies (Assets, Liabilities, Equity, Revenue,
Expenses)
1.5 Accounting Cycle Overview
1.6 Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)
1.7 The Accounting Equation and Its Application

Unit 2: The Double-Entry System

2.1 Concept of Double-Entry Accounting
2.2 Debit and Credit Rules
2.3 Recording Transactions in Journals
2.4 Posting to Ledger Accounts
 2.5 Balancing Accounts
2.6 The Role of Trial Balance
2.7 Errors and Their Rectification

Unit 3: Preparation of Financial Statements

3.1 Structure and Purpose of the Income Statement
3.2 Preparing a Balance Sheet
3.3 Understanding and Preparing Cash Flow Statements
3.4 Adjusting Entries and Closing Entries
3.5 Practical Exercises in Statement Preparation
3.6 Relationship Among Financial Statements

Unit 4: Accounting for Specific Transactions

4.1 Accounting for Cash and Bank Transactions
4.2 Inventory Valuation Methods (FIFO, LIFO, and Weighted Average)
4.3 Depreciation and Amortization Accounting
4.4 Accruals and Prepayments
4.5 Accounts Receivable and Payable Management
4.6 Treatment of Bad Debts and Allowances

Unit 5: Financial Statement Analysis and Ethical Considerations

5.1 Ratio Analysis (Liquidity, Solvency, Profitability, and Efficiency
Ratios)
5.2 Interpreting Financial Performance and Position
5.3 Accounting for Decision-Making
5.4 Ethical Principles in Accounting (Integrity, Objectivity,
Confidentiality)
5.5 Regulatory Environment in Accounting (IFRS and IAS Overview)
5.6 Case Studies on Financial Fraud and Mismanagement

E 1.1.4 Teaching and Learning Methods

Lectures 4hrs/Week
Self-Study 2hrs/Week

E1.1.5 Assessment
Continuous Assessment 40%
 Assignments/Seminar 20%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

E1.1.6 Prescribed Readings

1. Horngren, C. T., Harrison, W. T., & Oliver, M. S. (2019). Accounting.
Pearson.
2. Weygandt, J. J., Kimmel, P. D., & Kieso, D. E. (2021). Financial Accounting.
Wiley.
3. Porter, G. A., & Norton, C. L. (2020). Introduction to Accounting. Cengage
Learning.
4. Atrill, P., & McLaney, E. (2022). Accounting and Finance for Non-
Specialists. Pearson.
5. Wood, F., & Sangster, A. (2021). Business Accounting 1. Pearson.
6. Warren, C. S., Reeve, J. M., & Duchac, J. (2021). Financial and Managerial
Accounting. Cengage Learning.

E1.1.7 Recommended Readings

1. Walsh, C. (2020). Key Management Ratios: The 100+ Ratios Managers
Need to Know. Financial Times Press.
2. Elliott, B., & Elliott, J. (2022). Financial Accounting and Reporting. Pearson.
3. Kaplan, R. S., & Atkinson, A. A. (2021). Advanced Management
Accounting. Pearson.
4. Drury, C. (2021). Management and Cost Accounting. Cengage Learning.
5. Nobes, C., & Parker, R. (2021). Comparative International Accounting.
Pearson.
6. Becker, C. L. (2022). Accounting Ethics. Routledge.
E1.4. Course Code: 263AECO114 Course Name: Principles of
Microeconomics and Macroeconomics

E1.4.1. Module Rationale:

The "Principles of Microeconomics and Macroeconomics" module equips students
with foundational knowledge of economic principles essential for accounting and
finance professionals. Microeconomics focuses on individual and business-level
decision-making, resource allocation, and market structures, while
macroeconomics addresses national and global economic performance, fiscal
and monetary policies, and their implications. Together, these disciplines enable
students to analyze economic environments critically and make informed
financial and managerial decisions.

E1.4.2. Learning Outcomes:

Upon successful completion of this module, students will be able to:
i. Explain the fundamental principles of microeconomics and
macroeconomics and their relevance to accounting and finance.
ii. Analyze market mechanisms, including supply, demand, and price
determination, and assess their impacts on resource allocation.
iii. Evaluate the behavior of consumers and firms using economic theories
of utility, production, and costs.
iv. Examine key macroeconomic indicators, such as GDP, inflation, and
unemployment, and their implications for financial markets.
v. Apply economic principles to interpret fiscal, monetary, and trade
policies and their effects on national and global economies.

E1.4.3. Course Content:

Unit 1: Introduction to Economics

1.1 Definition, Scope, and Importance of Economics
1.2 Microeconomics vs. Macroeconomics
1.3 Fundamental Economic Problems: Scarcity and Choice
1.4 Opportunity Cost and the Production Possibility Frontier
1.5 Role of Economics in Accounting and Finance

Unit 2: Principles of Microeconomics

2.1 Demand, Supply, and Market Equilibrium
2.2 Price Elasticity of Demand and Supply
2.3 Consumer Behavior: Utility Maximization and Indifference Curve
Analysis
2.4 Production Theory: Law of Diminishing Returns and Returns to Scale
2.5 Cost Structures: Fixed, Variable, and Total Costs
2.6 Market Structures: Perfect Competition, Monopoly, Oligopoly, and
Monopolistic Competition
 Unit 3: Introduction to Macroeconomics
3.1 Key Macroeconomic Indicators: GDP, GNP, and National Income
Accounting
3.2 Inflation: Types, Causes, and Measurement
3.3 Unemployment: Types and Measurement
3.4 Circular Flow of Income and Expenditure
3.5 The Role of Government in the Economy

Unit 4: Fiscal and Monetary Policies

4.1 Fiscal Policy: Government Spending, Taxation, and Budget Deficits
4.2 Monetary Policy: Money Supply, Central Banking, and Interest Rates
4.3 The Role of the Central Bank in Stabilizing the Economy
4.4 Interactions Between Fiscal and Monetary Policies
4.5 Economic Growth and Stabilization Policies

Unit 5: International Economics and Globalization

5.1 International Trade: Comparative Advantage and Trade Policies
5.2 Exchange Rate Determination and Balance of Payments
5.3 Impact of Globalization on Economic Policies
5.4 International Organizations: IMF, World Bank, and WTO
5.5 Regional Economic Integration: Case Studies

E 1.4.4 Teaching and Learning Methods

Lectures 4hrs/Week
Self-Study 2hrs/Week

E1.4.5 Assessment
Continuous Assessment 40%
Assignments/Seminar 20%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

E1.4.6 Prescribed Readings

1. Mankiw, N. G. (2020). Principles of Economics. 9th Edition. Cengage
Learning.
 2. Samuelson, P. A., & Nordhaus, W. D. (2020). Economics. 20th Edition.
McGraw-Hill Education.
3. Krugman, P., & Wells, R. (2020). Microeconomics. 5th Edition. Worth
Publishers.
4. Blanchard, O. (2019). Macroeconomics. 8th Edition. Pearson Education.
5. Case, K. E., Fair, R. C., & Oster, S. M. (2020). Principles of Economics. 13th
Edition. Pearson Education.

E1.4.7 Recommended Readings:

1. Varian, H. R. (2019). Intermediate Microeconomics: A Modern Approach.
9th Edition. W.W. Norton & Company.
2. Parkin, M. (2021). Economics. 13th Edition. Pearson Education.
3. Hubbard, R. G., & O'Brien, A. P. (2019). Economics. 6th Edition. Pearson
Education.
4. Dornbusch, R., Fischer, S., & Startz, R. (2018). Macroeconomics. 12th
Edition. McGraw-Hill Education.
5. Lipsey, R. G., & Chrystal, K. (2020). Economics. 14th Edition. Oxford
University Press.
6. Mishkin, F. S. (2019). The Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial
Markets. 13th Edition. Pearson Education.

E1.5. Course Code: 263MAT115 Course Name: Business Mathematics

E1.5.1 Module Rationale

Business Mathematics equips students with essential mathematical and
analytical skills necessary for decision-making in business and finance. The
module integrates mathematical concepts with practical business applications to
solve problems related to financial analysis, accounting, investment decisions,
and management. Students will develop competency in quantitative techniques,
critical for success in accounting and finance careers.

E1.5.2. Learning Outcomes

By the end of this module, students will be able to:
 1. Apply mathematical techniques to solve business and financial problems.
2. Interpret financial data using statistical tools and quantitative methods.
3. Develop mathematical models to support decision-making in business
contexts.
4. Utilize concepts of algebra, calculus, and linear programming in financial
problem-solving.
5. Analyze and solve complex business scenarios using quantitative
reasoning.

E1.5.3 Course Contents

Unit 1: Fundamental Business Mathematics

1.1 Introduction to Business Mathematics and its Applications
1.2 Arithmetic and Geometric Progressions
1.3 Basic Algebra: Linear Equations and Inequalities
1.4 Functions and Graphs
1.5 Percentage, Ratios, and Proportions
1.6 Break-even Analysis
1.7 Simple and Compound Interest
1.8 Annuities and Perpetuities
1.9 Currency Conversions and Exchange Rates
1.10 Depreciation Methods (Straight-line and Declining Balance)

Unit 2: Financial Mathematics

2.1 Time Value of Money
2.2 Present Value and Future Value Calculations
2.3 Amortization and Loan Repayment Schedules
2.4 Bond Valuation
2.5 Investment Appraisal Techniques (NPV, IRR, Payback Period)
2.6 Risk and Return Analysis
2.7 Portfolio Optimization Basics
2.8 Sinking Funds
2.9 Dividend Discount Models
2.10 Interest Rate Applications in Finance

Unit 3: Statistical Tools for Business

 3.1 Descriptive Statistics: Mean, Median, Mode, Variance, and Standard
Deviation
3.2 Probability Concepts and Distributions
3.3 Sampling Techniques and Data Collection Methods
3.4 Correlation and Regression Analysis
3.5 Hypothesis Testing and Confidence Intervals
3.6 Chi-square Tests and ANOVA
3.7 Index Numbers and Business Forecasting
3.8 Decision Trees and Expected Value Calculations
3.9 Statistical Quality Control
3.10 Applications of Statistical Software (e.g., Excel/SPSS)

Unit 4: Optimization and Linear Programming

4.1 Linear Programming: Formulation of Problems
4.2 Graphical Solution Method
4.3 Simplex Method
4.4 Transportation and Assignment Problems
4.5 Decision-making under Constraints
4.6 Inventory Control Models
4.7 Queuing Theory Basics
4.8 Game Theory Applications
4.9 Network Flow and Project Scheduling (PERT/CPM)
4.10 Cost-Benefit Analysis Using Optimization

Unit 5: Advanced Mathematical Applications

5.1 Matrix Algebra: Determinants, Inverses, and Applications
5.2 Calculus in Business: Differentiation and Integration
5.3 Marginal Analysis and Optimization
5.4 Elasticity of Demand and Supply
5.5 Demand Forecasting Models
5.6 Growth and Decay Models
5.7 Financial Derivatives: Basics of Options and Futures Pricing
5.8 Sensitivity Analysis in Business Decisions
5.9 Numerical Methods for Business Applications
5.10 Advanced Data Visualization Techniques
E 1.5.4 Teaching and Learning Methods
Lectures 4hrs/Week
Self-Study 2hrs/Week

E1.5.5 Assessment
Continuous Assessment 40%
Assignments/Seminar 20%
Tests 20%
Final Examination 60%

E1.5.6 Prescribed Readings

1. Budnick, F. S. (2013). Applied Mathematics for Business, Economics, and
the Social Sciences. McGraw Hill.
2. Bowerman, B. L., & O'Connell, R. T. (2020). Business Statistics and
Mathematics. Cengage Learning.
3. Anderson, D. R., Sweeney, D. J., & Williams, T. A. (2019). Quantitative
Methods for Business. Cengage Learning.
4. Jacques, I. (2018). Mathematics for Economics and Business. Pearson
Education.
5. McClave, J. T., Benson, P. G., & Sincich, T. (2021). Statistics for Business
and Economics. Pearson.
6. Bradley, T. (2020). Essential Mathematics for Economics and Business.
Wiley.

E1.5.7 Recommended Readings

1. Winston, W. L. (2021). Operations Research: Applications and Algorithms.
Cengage Learning.
2. Gupta, S. P. (2019). Statistical Methods. Sultan Chand & Sons.
3. Hillier, F. S., & Lieberman, G. J. (2021). Introduction to Operations
Research. McGraw Hill.
4. Kershaw, D. (2020). Business Mathematics and Statistics. Cengage
Learning.
5. Spiegel, M. R., & Stephens, L. J. (2017). Schaum's Outline of Business
Statistics. McGraw Hill.
6. Taha, H. A. (2019). Operations Research: An Introduction. Pearson.