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Heat notes Physics

The document provides detailed notes on Chapter 5 of Physics, focusing on heat. It covers temperature scales (Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin), thermal expansion through Gravesande’s experiment, the difference between thermal conductors and insulators, convection in water, and the construction of a thermos flask. Additionally, it includes reasoning for various phenomena related to heat transfer and the use of materials in fire safety and cooking.

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sharvil.shetty
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15 views

Heat notes Physics

The document provides detailed notes on Chapter 5 of Physics, focusing on heat. It covers temperature scales (Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin), thermal expansion through Gravesande’s experiment, the difference between thermal conductors and insulators, convection in water, and the construction of a thermos flask. Additionally, it includes reasoning for various phenomena related to heat transfer and the use of materials in fire safety and cooking.

Uploaded by

sharvil.shetty
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GOENKA AND ASSOCIATES EDUCATIONAL TRUST

VASANT VIHAR HIGH SCHOOL & JR COLLEGE

GRADE VII SUB: PHYSICS

NOTES- CHAPTER 5. HEAT

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING IN DETAIL.

1. Describe the different temperature scales.

Answer: There are three different scales to measure temperature. These are
the Celsius scale, the Fahrenheit scale and the Kelvin scale.

Celsius scale: In the Celsius scale, the lower fixed point is j 0 °C, the upper
fixed point is 100 °C, and the length of the thermometer between the lower
fixed point and the upper j fixed point is divided into 100 equal parts.

Fahrenheit scale: In the Fahrenheit scale, the lower fixed point is 32 °F, the
upper fixed point is 212 °F, and the length of the thermometer between the
lower fixed point and the 1 upper fixed point is divided into 180 equal parts.

Kelvin scale: In the Kelvin scale, the lower fixed point is 273 K, the upper
fixed point is 373 K, and the length of the thermometer between the lower
fixed point and the upper fixed point is divided into 100 equal parts.

2. Explain Gravesande’s ring and ball experiment to describe thermal


expansion in solids.

Ans : Gravesande’s ring-and-ball experiment: Take an iron ball and an iron


ring such that ball can just pass through the ring. Take a metal stand with a
hook and a burner. Suspend ball by chain from hook. Heat the ball and try
passing through the ring. Now, cool it and try again.

Observation: When ball is heated, it doesn’t pass through the ring due to
thermal expansion. When it is cooled, it regains its original size and easily
passes through it. This shows solids expand on heating.
3. Differentiate between thermal conductors and insulators.

Ans.

CONDUCTORS INSULATORS

1. Substances that allow heat 1. Substances that do not allow heat


energy to flow through them are energy to flow through them easily
called thermal conductors. are called thermal insulators.

2. Most metals are thermal 2. Most non metals are thermal


conductors insulators.

4. Water is a bad conductor of heat but it becomes hot when kept over a
flame. Name the phenomenon that takes place in this case. Explain it with
the help of an experiment.

Ans. The phenomenon is called convection. It can be shown with the help of a
following experiment.

Aim : To show convection currents in water.

Materials Required: A large potassium permanganate crystal, a beaker, a burner


and some water.

Procedure :

(a) Drop the potassium permanganate crystal into the beaker containing a little
water. The crystal starts dissolving in water and colouring it.

(b) Now pour some more water slowly into the beaker without disturbing the
crystal.

(c) Heat the water using a very small flame just below the crystal.

Observation : The coloured water rises from the place where the heat is supplied.
After moving up some distance, it spreads out and comes down along the sides of
the beaker.

5. Describe the construction of a thermos flask with the help of a neat diagram
and label it.

Ans: A thermos flask consists of a double-walled glass or metal bottle. The narrow
region between the inner and the outer walls is evacuated and sealed together at
their necks or at the bottom. The walls are silvered. The vessel is put in a metallic
or plastic case and is separated from it by a cork or a plastic piece to prevent it
from breaking. The mouth of the vessel is closed by a stopper made from an
insulating material.
The vacuum between the glass walls of the thermos flask considerably reduces
the flow of heat by conduction and convection. This is because both conduction
and convection need a material medium for transfer of heat. The silvered surfaces
reflect the heat back, thus reducing the heat exchange due to radiation. This
causes the liquid in a thermos flask to stay hot or cold for a longer period of time.

GIVE REASONS FOR THE FOLLOWING:

1. A metal spoon is heated at one end and the heat is felt at the other end
after a while.

Ans If one end of a metal spoon is placed on a flame, the other end gets so heated
after a while that you are unable to hold the spoon. This happens because heat
energy is transmitted from the heated end of the spoon to the other end by the
process of conduction.

2. The bottom of a cooking utensil is blackened while its inner part is made
shining.

Ans. The base of cooking utensils is made black to increase the intake of heat
from the flame. The inside of cooking utensils is generally kept shiny to minimize
the loss of heat by radiation.

3. Two thin blankets layered together are warmer than one thick blanket.

Ans. The air trapped between two blankets being a bad conductor, does not allow
heat from our body to escape to the surroundings, and thus we stay warm.

4. Ice wrapped in a wire gauze placed in water does not melt even when the water
boils.

Ans. Water is a bad conductor of heat due to which ice wrapped in a wire gauze
placed in water does not melt even when the top surface of water boils.

5. Outer surface of the inner wall and inner surface of the outer wall of a thermos
flask are silvered.
Ans. Silvered surfaces reflect the heat back, thus reducing the heat exchanged
due to radiation. This causes the liquid in a thermos flask to stay hot or cold for a
longer period of time.

THINK AND ANSWER:

1. Why is asbestos used in fire proof buildings?


Ans. Asbestos is used in fire-proofing buildings because it is a non-flammable
material and does not catch fire.

2. Why is water used as one of the main substances for extinguishing fire?
Ans. Water is easily available everywhere and helps in extinguishing fire as it cuts
off oxygen supply to the fire and stops combustion.

3. Why are wood, kerosene oil and petrol used as common fuels?
Ans. Wood, kerosene oil and petrol are used as fuels because they are
inflammable substance that burn easily and release a lot of heat and energy.

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