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The Merleau Ponty Reader SPEP 1st Edition Leonard
Lawlor Digital Instant Download
Author(s): Leonard Lawlor, Ted Toadvine
ISBN(s): 9780810119505, 0810119501
Edition: 1
File Details: PDF, 1.76 MB
Year: 2007
Language: english
THE MERLEAU-PONTY READER
Northwestern University
Studies in Phenomenology
and
Existential Philosophy
 †
Founding Editor James M. Edie

General Editor Anthony J. Steinbock

Associate Editor John McCumber

THE
MERLEAU-PONTY
READER

Edited by Ted Toadvine

and Leonard Lawlor

Northwestern University Press

Evanston, Illinois
Northwestern University Press
www.nupress.northwestern.edu

Copyright © 2007 by Northwestern University Press. Published 2007. All rights

reserved.

Printed in the United States of America

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 1908–1961.
The Merleau-Ponty reader / edited by Ted Toadvine and Leonard Lawlor.
p. cm. — (Northwestern university studies in phenomenology and
existential philosophy)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-8101-1950-5 (cloth : alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-8101-1950-1 (cloth : alk. paper)
ISBN-13: 978-0-8101-2043-3 (pbk. : alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-8101-2043-7 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Philosophy, Modern—20th century. I. Toadvine, Ted, 1968– II. Lawlor,
Leonard, 1954– III. Title. IV. Series: Northwestern University studies in
phenomenology & existential philosophy
B804.M383 2007
194—dc22
2007023571

o The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of

the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence
of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992.
We dedicate this volume to the memory of
Martin C. “Mike” Dillon.
 Contents

Acknowledgments xi

Editors’ Introduction xiii

Part 1. The Pre-Sorbonne Period (Preceding 1949)

1 The Relations of the Soul and the Body and the Problem of
Perceptual Consciousness 5

2 The War Has Taken Place 41

3 What Is Phenomenology? 55

4 Cézanne’s Doubt 69
5 The Contemporary Philosophical Movement 85

6 The Primacy of Perception and Its Philosophical Consequences 89

7 Reality and Its Shadow 119

Part 2. The Sorbonne Period (1949–1952)

8 A Note on Machiavelli 123

9 The Adversary Is Complicit 135

10 The Child’s Relations with Others 143

11 Human Engineering: The New “Human” Techniques of

American Big Business 185

12 Man and Adversity 189

13 Indirect Language and the Voices of Silence 241

14 An Unpublished Text by Maurice Merleau-Ponty:

A Prospectus of His Work 283
 Part 3. The Collège de France Period (1952–1961)

15 Epilogue to Adventures of the Dialectic 293

16 Preface to Signs 319

17 Eye and Mind 351

18 Merleau-Ponty in Person 379

19 The Intertwining—The Chiasm 393

20 New Working Notes from the Period of The Visible and the Invisible 415

Biography of Maurice Merleau-Ponty 447

Notes 449

Chronological Bibliography of Merleau-Ponty’s Works 473

Bibliography of Works on Merleau-Ponty 477

Index 483
 Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Sue Betz, former editor at Northwestern Univer-

sity Press, and Anthony Steinbock, general editor of Northwestern Uni-
versity Press’s Studies in Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy series,
for their continuous support of our project. We received a lot of support
from our respective philosophy departments (at the University of Oregon,
Emporia State University, and the University of Memphis). Students in
our seminars and conversations with our colleagues frequently oriented
us in the selection of texts and the organization of the volume. In partic-
ular, we would like to thank Jacque Fehr at Emporia State University, who
spent many hours typing the original transcriptions for us. At the Univer-
sity of Memphis, Cathy Wilhelm helped with scanning and text prepara-
tion. We would like to thank Paul Mendelson, who copyedited the vol-
ume; Bryan Bannon (at the University of Memphis), who proofread the
book; and Elizabeth Caldwell (at the University of Oregon), who wrote the
index. Paul, Bryan, and Elizabeth did an outstanding job. Finally, we wish
to thank Madame Merleau-Ponty for her support of the project and
Renaud Barbaras, who brought to our attention the dossier of unpub-
lished working notes for The Visible and the Invisible housed at the old Bib-
liothèque Nationale in Paris.

xi
 Editors’ Introduction

In the nearly fifty years since his premature death in 1961 at the age of
fifty-three, Merleau-Ponty’s work has continued to attract the interest of
new generations of scholars and students of philosophy. In fact, the last de-
cade of Merleau-Ponty studies has witnessed something of a renaissance,
spurred on by the publication and translation of the lecture courses from
his last years, the formation of the first journal devoted to his thought,1
and the application of his thinking to new philosophical areas of research,
including feminism, environmental philosophy, and neuroscience.2
Merleau-Ponty’s work emerges from a very specific moment in twentieth-
century philosophy and history, but his writings continue to speak to us to-
day and to repay our study with fresh insights for our own time, justifying
the status of Merleau-Ponty’s oeuvre as a classic.
Our volume, responding to this growing interest in Merleau-Ponty’s
work, offers a comprehensive introduction to his thought for the general
reader, as well as making available new resources for scholars concerned
with his work. The texts are arranged chronologically into three periods
in order to indicate the evolution of Merleau-Ponty’s thinking. Within
each of these three periods, we have included selections from Merleau-
Ponty’s major theoretical works addressing the body, perception, and on-
tology, his most significant writings on the arts, and essays and interviews
representing the evolution of his political thinking. We have also aimed to
include a mix of extracts from book-length works, freestanding essays, in-
terviews, and discussions. As the bibliography of Merleau-Ponty’s works
later in this book demonstrates, the wide range and extent of his writings
have made the exclusion of many important texts unavoidable. However,
our hope is that this selection will offer the reader a glimpse of the power
and range of Merleau-Ponty’s thought that may serve as an invitation to
further exploration of his work.
From Merleau-Ponty’s first period, prior to his appointment at the
Sorbonne in 1949, we have included selections from both of his theses: the
final chapter of The Structure of Behavior, completed in 1938 and published
in 1942, which applies the insights of Gestalt psychology and phenome-
nology to the problem of the relation between soul and body; and the

xiii
xiv
EDITORS’ INTRODUCTION

preface to Phenomenology of Perception (1945), in which Merleau-Ponty de-

velops his own original appropriation of the phenomenological method.
The themes of Phenomenology of Perception are further developed in “The
Primacy of Perception and Its Philosophical Consequences” (1947),
Merleau-Ponty’s presentation of this work to the Société Française de
Philosophie. In “The War Has Taken Place” (1945), an editorial from the
very first issue of Les Temps Modernes, Merleau-Ponty reflects on his gener-
ation’s turbulent lesson in the realities of politics and history. Concerning
art, this period of writings includes “Cézanne’s Doubt” (1945), a study of
artistic expression that is contemporaneous with the publication of Phe-
nomenology of Perception; and “Reality and Its Shadow” (1948), Merleau-
Ponty’s editorial introduction to Emmanuel Levinas’s essay on the rela-
tionship between art, expression, and truth.3 This brief note, in which
Merleau-Ponty contrasts Sartre’s and Levinas’s approaches to the status of
art, offers us a rare glimpse of Merleau-Ponty’s reaction to Levinas’s work.
We have also included in this first section a brief interview with Merleau-
Ponty for a popular audience, “The Contemporary Philosophical Move-
ment” (1946), in which he summarizes the aims of Phenomenology of Per-
ception and discusses his relationship with Sartre.
The second section of our volume includes writings from the period
of Merleau-Ponty’s appointment at the Sorbonne, between 1949 and 1952.
A selection from Merleau-Ponty’s lecture course on “The Child’s Rela-
tions with Others” (1951) is representative of his teaching during this
period. Several short texts demonstrate the development of his political
thinking, including “A Note on Machiavelli” (1949) and “The Adversary
Is Complicit” (1950). In the first, Merleau-Ponty rediscovers a certain
“humanism” in Machiavelli that clarifies the problem of political power
confronting contemporary Marxism. The second selection offers Merleau-
Ponty’s response to a critic of Les Temps Modernes on the question of the So-
viet forced-labor camps, indicating his “wait and see” relation to Com-
munism and to the Soviet Union prior to his rupture with Jean-Paul Sartre
in 1952. Merleau-Ponty’s editorial introduction to an essay by Michel
Crozier, “Human Engineering: The New ‘Human’ Techniques of Ameri-
can Big Business” (1951), concerns the new social psychology of propa-
ganda at work in the formation of “public opinion” in the United States.
In “Man and Adversity” (1951), his presentation at the Rencontres Inter-
nationales in Geneva, Merleau-Ponty demonstrates how the essential con-
tingency and ambiguity of the human condition are revealed by recent stud-
ies of the body, literature, and contemporary politics. The wide-ranging
discussion following this presentation, offered here in English for the first
time, clarifies Merleau-Ponty’s position on philosophical method, ambi-
guity, literature, politics, and religion. “Indirect Language and the Voices
 xv
EDITORS’ INTRODUCTION

of Silence” (1952), the most significant writing on painting and language

from this period, develops Merleau-Ponty’s theory of expression in re-
sponse to the writings of André Malraux and Sartre. Lastly, we have in-
cluded here the prospectus that Merleau-Ponty submitted for his candi-
dacy to the Collège de France, which offers the philosopher’s own account
of his achievements to date and the aims of his future work.
Our third section concerns Merleau-Ponty’s years at the Collège de
France, from 1952 to 1961, and begins with the epilogue from his second
major political work, Adventures of the Dialectic (1955), a critique of con-
temporary Marxism that Merleau-Ponty aims primarily at Sartre. Here
Merleau-Ponty rejects the notion of a pure proletarian revolution and
calls for a “new liberalism” of the non-Communist left. Merleau-Ponty’s
view of the relationship between the political and philosophical lives is
developed in two later texts: his 1958 interview with Madeleine Chapsal,
“Merleau-Ponty in Person,” and the preface to Signs (1960), both of which
set these political concerns against the backdrop of Merleau-Ponty’s later
ontological investigations. “Eye and Mind” (1961), presented here in a vir-
tually new English translation, was Merleau-Ponty’s last published essay.
We would like to point the reader to this text in particular since it is not
posthumous. It indicates, as perhaps no other text published during
Merleau-Ponty’s lifetime, the condition of his thinking at the moment
of his death. It combines his reflections on politics, art, and ontology.
Even more importantly, it seems to us, “Eye and Mind” shows us Merleau-
Ponty’s perennial concern with Descartes and, more generally, with the
classical movement of rationalism. Unless one recognizes Merleau-Ponty’s
continuing engagement with rationalism (and in particular with its idea
of a positive infinite), it is probable that one cannot understand Merleau-
Ponty’s work overall. “Eye and Mind” shows us clearly—though one could
see this point as early as The Structure of Behavior—that Merleau-Ponty’s fi-
nal idea of the flesh, which is a mixture of finitude and infinity, comes
from Descartes’ descriptions of the union of the mind and body in the
“Sixth Meditation.” Of course, we are including the famous culminating
chapter of The Visible and the Invisible (drafted during 1960 and 1961) pre-
cisely because it presents the flesh as “The Intertwining—The Chiasm.”
Finally and most significantly for the scholar, we present here previously
unpublished working notes from the period of The Visible and the Invisible
in both French and English. We selected these notes on the basis of two
criteria. On the one hand, we selected notes that are relatively readable
and therefore relatively easy to understand due to their completeness. On
the other hand, we selected notes according to content, that is, ones that
elaborate on ideas found in Merleau-Ponty’s other last writings, including
“Eye and Mind” and The Visible and the Invisible.
xvi
EDITORS’ INTRODUCTION

By contextualizing Merleau-Ponty’s writings on the philosophy of art

and politics within the overall development of his thought, our volume al-
lows the reader to see both the breadth of Merleau-Ponty’s contribution
to twentieth-century philosophy and the convergence of the various
strands of his reflections. We hope, furthermore, that this variety of texts
conveys something of the flavor of Merleau-Ponty’s manner of engage-
ment and philosophical style. The volume serves, then, as a comprehen-
sive introduction to Merleau-Ponty’s thought, suitable for the student or
the general reader. The volume also provides new resources for the
scholar. In the first place, all of the existing English translations have been
revised. In this process, we have aimed to make the texts terminologically
consistent. Additionally, five of the selections appear here in English
translation for the first time. Most importantly, the previously unpub-
lished working notes from Merleau-Ponty’s final period bring into relief
new relationships and developments in his last reflections. Therefore, the
volume you are about to read presents not only a comprehensive view of
Merleau-Ponty’s thinking, but also, we hope, a new view on his thinking.
THE MERLEAU-PONTY READER
Part 1

The Pre-Sorbonne Period

(Preceding 1949)
Discovering Diverse Content Through
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No. of Female No. of Female
Number Number of Number Number of Number Number of
States. Students preparing Students preparing
of Students. of Students. of Students.
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Male. Female. Classical. Scientific. Male. Female. Classical. Scientific. Male. Femal
Alabama 6 436 333 69 10 20 753 88
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950
Louisiana 1 146 344 1 53 10 652 3
Maryland 4 46 769 2 144 1 23 1,115 58
(271)
Mississippi 2 85 85 7 222 388 6 10 56
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2 80 79 6 238 248 5 54 1,85
Carolina 2,692
South (135)
1 40 27 2 3 163 140 10 10 78
Carolina 834
Tennessee 6 339 449 11 20 7 549 439 7 25 1,191 1,52
(200)
Texas 6 140 368 1 6 462 482 5 16 1,23
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1 80 95 5 16
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41 2,163 4,806 219 79 82 4,650 4,315 180 44 288 14,286 14,5
 APPENDIX D.
To Article VII.—Woman in Medicine.

LIST OF MEDICAL ESSAYS AND COMMUNICATIONS WRITTEN BY WOMEN PHYSICIANS

BETWEEN 1872 AND 1890.

A.

Abdominal section, a case of. Anita Tyng.

Æsthesiometry, with new instrument. Grace Peckham.—N. Y. Med. Record, 1885.
Alexander’s operation, two cases.—N. Y. Med. Record, 1888.
Amyl Nitrite in dysmenorrhœa. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Record, 1875.
Anal occlusion, an unusual case. Susan Dimock.—Record, 1875.
Anencephalous monster. Mary Putnam.—Archives Brown-Sequard, 1872.
Antagonism of medicines. Ibid.—Archives of Medicine, 1881.
Aphasia, with special loss of nouns. Ibid.—Journal Mental and Nervous Dis., 1886.
Apoplexia neonatorum. Sarah McNutt.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1885.
Apostoli’s clinic, report of. Mary Hobart.—Boston Med. and Surg. Jour., 1889.
Apostoli’s clinic, report of. Alice T. Beall.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1889.
Atropine, lecture on. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Record, 1873.

B.

Blood, is it a living fluid? Frances Emily White.—Record, 1883.

Botanical notes. Mary K. Curran.—Proceedings California Academy of Sciences, 1889.
Basilar kyphosis, its relations to certain cerebral deformities. Sara A. Post.—Record, 1889.
Bacteria, their rôle in fermentation and putrefaction. Emma Sutro Merritt. Trans. Med. Soc. California, 1890.
Biology, practical study in. Mary Putnam Jacobi, address at Massachusetts State Med. Soc.—Boston Med. and Surg.
Journal, 1889.
Brain tumor. Ibid.—Wood’s Reference Handbook Medical Sciences.

C.

Catamenial decidua, microscopic examination of. Jeannette Greene.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1882.
Cerebrum, multiple tumors of, case of in a child. Sarah J. McNutt.—Trans. Am. Neurological Ass’n.
Cirrhosis liver with splenic tumor in a child. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Archives Pediat., 1889.
Cold pack and massage in treatment of anæmia. Mary Putnam Jacobi and Victoria White.—Archives of Medicine, 1880.
Colpo-hysterectomy for cancer. Sara A. Post.—Am. Jour. Med. Sciences, 1886.
Conjunctivitis, new method of treating. Elizabeth Sargent.—Trans. Med. Soc. of California, 1890.
Cutaneous irritation and effect on pulse. Sara A. Post.—N. Y. Med. Record, 1883.
Chlorine in diphtheria. Caroline Conkey.—Record, 1884.
Camphor, case of fatal poisoning by. Mary J. Finley.—Record, 1887.
Cerebro-spinal meningitis, case of. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Record, 1877.
Cocculus indicus, an experimental study. Ibid.—N. Y. Med. Jour., 1887.

D.
Deformities, brain and cord. Sara A. Post.—Keating’s Cyclopœdia Children’s Diseases.
Dermoid cysts, two cases aspiration followed by inflammation. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1883.
Diphtheria and croup, comparison. Ibid.—Record, 1877.
Digestibility as test of food value. Sara A. Post.—Diet Gazette, 1888.
Diseases of children, classification by development. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Boston Med. and Surg. Jour., 1881.

E.

Endometritis, studies in. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1885.

Empyema, a case of, with new device for measuring chest by plaster casts. Ibid.—Med. News, 1890.
Electricity in obstetrics. Mary W. Moody.—Trans. Med. Soc. California, 1888.
Episiotomy, a plea for. Anna Broomall.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1878.
Epithelioma vulva, following long-standing pruritus, operative cure. Elizabeth Cushier.—Record, 1879.
Exercise for women, as illustrated by a study of circus riders. Sara A. Post.—Record, 1884.

F.

Fibroid tumor of uterus removed by Thomas’s scoop. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Am. Jour. Med. Sciences, 1880.
Fibroid tumor successfully treated by electricity. Ibid.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1888.
Fatty degeneration of new-born children (Buhl’s disease). Ibid.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1878.

H.

Hernia of diaphragm, congenital. Anna Broomall.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1879.

Hot and cold drinks. Sara A. Post.—Record, 1888.
Hysterectomies, recent, for cancer. Ibid.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1888.
Hydrocele in a female. Ellen A. Ingersol.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1882.
Hydro-nephrosis, fatal case in a parturient woman. Helen Bissell.—Record, 1887.
Hysteria, some considerations on. Mary Putnam Jacobi. 1888.
Hysteria, post-epileptic. Ibid.—Journal Nervous and Ment. Disease, 1888.
Hysterical locomotor ataxia. Ibid.—Archives of Medicine, 1883.
Hysterical fever. Ibid.—Journal Nervous and Mental Diseases, 1890.
Hygiene as basis of morals. Francis Emily White.—Popular Science Monthly, 1889.
Hysterical coma, case. Elizabeth Peck.—N. Y. Med. Record, 1888.
Heart, anomalous malformation of. Mary Putnam.—Record, 1872.
Hæmatocele, anterior, case. Fanny Berlin.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1888.

I.

Influence of city life on health and development. Grace Peckham.—Journal Social Science Assoc.
Infancy in the city.—Popular Science Monthly, 1886.
Inflated ring pessary. Sara A. Post.—Med. Record, 1887.
Instruments for electro-massage. Ibid.—Record, 1880.
Iodoform in diabetes. Ibid.—Archives of Medicine, 1884
Intra-cranial hæmorrhage. Sarah J. McNutt.—Quarterly Bulletin Post-Graduate Clinical Society, August, 1884.
Infantile paralysis, pathogeny of. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1874.
Infantile paralysis. Ibid.—Pepper’s Archives of Medicine, Philadelphia, 1885.
Intra-uterine therapeutics. Ibid.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1889.
Inversion uterus, acute spontaneous. Araminta V. Scott.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1880.
Intestinal obstruction, rare case of. Mary Putnam.—Record, 1872.
 K.

Kinesio neuroses of childhood. Grace Peckham.—Journal Mental and Nervous Dis., 1884.
Knee-chest position. Mary S. Whelstone.—Am. Jour. Obst., 1886.

L.

Language study, physiological place for, in curriculum education. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Journal Psychology, 1888.
Local reflex symptoms in uterine disease (analysis 2000 cases) Grace Peckham.—Record, 1888.
Lupus or esthiomene of the vulva, a case. Ibid.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1887.
Loco weed, its toxicity. Mary G. Day.—N. Y. Med. Jour., 1889.

M.

Mania, acute, after operations. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Record, 1889.

Macerated fœtus as complication of labor. Sara A. Post.—Record, 1889.
Mastitis. Julia A. Post.—Record, 1885.
Matter and mind. Frances Emily White.—Popular Science Monthly, 1887.
Muscle and mind. Ibid.—Ibid., 1889.
Morals, evolution of. Ibid.—Open Court, 1889.
Moner to man. Ibid.—Popular Science Monthly, 1884.
Mechanical restraint of the insane. Alice Bennett.—Medico-Legal Journal, 1883.
Meningocele, rare case of. Sarah J. McNutt.—Quarterly Bulletin Post-Graduate Clinical Society, 1887.
Menstrual subinvolution or metritis of non-parturient uterus. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1885.
Metritis, chronic, and parturient subinvolution. Ibid.—Ibid. August, 1885.
Menstruation, new theory of. Ibid.—Ibid., June, 1885.
Menstruation, question of rest in. Theory. Boylston prize essay, 1876.—Ibid.
Miliary tuberculosis and endometritis, case of. Ibid.—Record, 1875.
Microcephalus, case of. Ibid.—Record.
Menstrual bodies, anomalous in oöphoritis. Mary Dixon Jones.—N. Y. Med. Jour., 1890.
Metallo-therapy. Grace Peckham.—Archives of Medicine, 1883.
Mirror writing. Ibid.—Record, 1886.
Mineral water in diseases of children. Isabel Lowry.—N. Y. Med. Record, 1888.
Midwifery cases, analysis of 187 in private practice. Marie Zakrzewska.—Boston Med. and Surg. Journal, Dec., 1889.
Myoma, uterine, 13 lbs., removal. Mary Dixon Jones.—Am. Jour. Obstet.
Myxœdema, case of, with microscopic examination of cord. Elizabeth Cushier.—Archives Med., 1882.

N.

Nephritis, acute diffuse, following intestinal catarrh. Sarah J. McNutt.—Archives Pediatrics, 1885.
Nervousness of Americans. Grace Peckham.—Journal Social Science.
Negative pulse of veins. Sara A. Post.—Record, 1883.

O.

Ovarian complications of endometritis. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1886.

Ovaries, hemorrhage into. Ibid.—Record, 1872.
Ovariotomy for double ovarian tumor with tubercular peritonitis. Mary S. Whelstone.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1886.
Ovaries and tubes, support in treatment of. Sara A. Post.—N. Y. Med. Jour., 1887.

P.
 Paquelin cautery, value of. Sarah A. Dolley.—Trans. Monroe Co. Med. Soc., 1879.
Paralysis in puerperal state, two cases. Imogene Bassett.—Jour. Nerv. Dis., 1880.
Parovarian cyst with twisted pedicle attended by persistent uterine hemorrhage. Elizabeth Cushier.—N. Y. Med. Jour.,
1884.
Pemphigus neonatorum, epidemic of. Eleanor Kilham.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1889.
Pericarditis in a child. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Record, 1873.
Perineo-rectal laceration, extensive, of 32 years’ standing, cure by operation. Victoria A. Scott.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1883.
Pontine tumor, or diffuse brain sclerosis? Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Jour. Nerv. Dis., 1889.
Placenta, waxy degeneration of. Jeannette Greene.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1880.
Placenta, hyaline degeneration. Sara A. Post.—Trans. Am. Gyn. Assoc., 1888.
Poisoning by sulphate of iron, case. Lucy M. Hall.—N. Y. Med. Jour., 1883.
Prolapsus, complete, and Lefort’s operation, three cases. Fanny Berlin.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1881.
Prophylaxis of insanity. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Archives Med., 1881.
Pseudo-muscular hypertrophy. Ibid.—Pepper’s Archives.
Pseudo-negative sphygmographic trace. Sara A. Post.—Archives of Medicine, 1884.
Persistence in individual consciousness. Frances Emily White.—Penn. Monthly, 1878.
Protoplasm. Ibid.—Popular Science Monthly, 1881.
Pulse tracing, showing cardiac inhibition during sudden pain. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Archives Medicine, 1879.
Psychical Society, English; critical digest of proceeding. Grace Peckham.—Jour. Ment. Dis., 1888.
Periodical insanity among women. Alice Bennett.—Medico-Legal Jour., 1883.
Primary Education. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Popular Science Monthly, 1886.

Q.

Quinine, effect of, on cerebral circulation. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Archives of Medicine, 1879.
Quinine, indications for, in pneumonia. Ibid.—N. Y. Med. Jour., 1887.

R.

Relations of the sexes. Frances Emily White.—Westminster Review, 1879.

Restiform body, section of. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Record, 1873.
Rhythmical myoclonus. Grace Peckham.—Archives Med., 1883.
Rotary spasm, nocturnal, a case. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Jour. Ment. Dis., 1880.

S.

Salpingitis, etiology and treatment of. Marie Mergler.—Trans. Illinois State Med. Soc., 1888.
Septicæmia and pyæmia. Mary Putnam.—Record, 1872.
Sternum, trephining, case of. Ibid.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1881.
Specialism in medicine. Ibid.—Archives of Medicine, 1882.
Spinal myelitis and meningitis in children. Ibid.—Keating’s Cyclopædia, 1890.
Spastic double hemiplegia of cerebral origin. Sarah J. McNutt.—Am. Jour. Med. Science, 1885.
Surgical notes in hospital for women and children. Charlotte Blake Brown.—Pacific Med. Jour., 1889.
Syphilitic brain disease, a case, with autopsy. Lucy M. Hall.—N. Y. Med. Jour., 1884.

T.

Therapeutics children’s diseases. Sarah J. McNutt.—Quarterly Bulletin Post-grad. Clin. Soc., 1884.
Typhoid fever, two peculiar cases. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Archives Med., 1884.

U.
Urethra, rare case of absence of. Sara A. Post.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1885.
Uterus, rudimentary, two cases of. Susan Dimock.—Record, 1874.
Uterine appendages, removal of, five cases. Mary Dixon Jones.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1888.
do. Ibid.—Record, 1885–1886.

W.

Woman’s place in nature. Francis Emily White.—Pop. Science Monthly, 1875.

Women in professions. Ibid.—Penn Monthly.
Wormian bones, their effect in childbirth. Grace Peckham.—Record, 1888.
do. Ibid.—Wood’s Handbook Medical Sciences.
 APPENDIX E.
To Article X.—Woman in the State.

THE CIVIL RIGHTS OF WOMEN.

Women born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of
the United States and of the State wherein they reside. The right of suffrage is regulated in each State by
its own law, subject to Article XV. of the Amendments to the constitution of the United States. When the
right to vote is denied to any of the male inhabitants of a State, being twenty-one years of age and
citizens of the United States, except for participation in rebellion or crime, the representation of such
State in Congress is proportionately reduced; but there is no penalty attached to the denial of the right of
suffrage to women. The constitutions of all the States, except Wyoming, specify that the elective
franchise is confined to males. This relates to the right of voting for the federal electors and the State
legislature and executive, and statutes permitting women to vote in local elections are deemed to be
constitutional. In many States women may vote at the election of school officers or upon any measure
relating to schools. In Wyoming and in the Territory of Utah women vote in all respects like men.
Woman suffrage also existed in the Territory of Washington, but was rejected at the election for the
adoption of the constitution, when Washington became a State. The right of women to vote is by the
constitution of South Dakota to be submitted by the legislature to the electors at the first general election
after the admission of the State. The constitutions of Colorado, Wisconsin, and North Dakota provide
that the legislature may at any time extend the right of suffrage to women, such enactment to take effect,
if approved by a majority of the electors, at a general election.
In the absence of special statute or of the necessity for special license, it would seem that there is
nothing to prevent an unmarried woman from engaging in any occupation she may choose. In Georgia
and Louisiana, however, the statute declares that women cannot hold any civil office or perform any civil
functions, unless specially authorized by law. The constitution of California provides that no person shall
on account of sex be disqualified from entering upon or pursuing any lawful business, vocation, or
profession; and in Illinois there is a law that no person shall be debarred or precluded from any
occupation, employment, or profession (except military) on account of sex. But this does not extend or
modify the right of women to hold office, nor does it enable or require them to serve on juries or to labor
in the streets. Military, jury, police, patrol, and road duties are generally specifically confined to males.
The constitution of Missouri specifies that the Governor and members of the legislature must be male,
and in other States such a restriction follows from the requirement that office-holders shall be chosen
from among electors. Certain offices, such as that of recorder of deeds, notary public, etc., may in many
States be held by women, and in many States women may hold any office under the school law. In
Massachusetts, the office of overseer of the poor may be held by a woman.
At common law, a married woman, however, had in general no capacity to contract, and hence could
not engage in business or follow an independent vocation; but the common law disabilities, imposed
upon married women, have been very generally removed by statutes. In Louisiana and North Carolina,
however, the contracts of a married woman are declared to be generally void, and so says a statute of
Georgia, which seems, however, to be overruled by constitutional provision, as judicially construed. In
Alabama and New Mexico a married woman may contract, provided she have her husband’s assent, and
in certain cases this is allowed in Louisiana. In Illinois a wife may make all kinds of contracts, except
that she may not enter into a partnership without her husband’s consent, and in South Carolina it is held
that the law does not empower a married woman to enter into a partnership. But in most of the States, a
married woman may as a general rule make all kinds of contracts as if she were unmarried. In
Mississippi, Oregon, and Washington, all the civil disabilities peculiar to married women, except as to
voting and holding office, have been expressly swept away. In about a dozen States there is a certain
process, such as recording a certificate, etc., by which a married woman can become a “sole trader,” or
carry on business in her own name; but in as many other States she can do this without any formalities.
In all the States, the real property of a woman, and in most of the States her personal property, upon her
marriage, remain her separate property; and so generally remains all property acquired by the wife after
marriage; and over this separate property a married woman has now, in nearly all the States, more or
less complete control. Louisiana, however, is peculiarly conservative in this respect, and in Texas,
Florida, and Idaho, the husband has the management and control of all the wife’s separate property. The
property claimed by married women must, by the laws of several States, be specially registered. In many
States a married woman can convey her own real estate, without her husband joining in the conveyance;
but in a narrow majority of the States the husband must, as a rule, join with the wife to make a valid
transfer. In most of the States a married woman may prosecute or defend suits concerning her own
property, as if unmarried; and in about half of the States she may in all cases sue and be sued without
joining the husband. As a prevailing rule, the husband is not liable for the debts of the wife, except those
incurred for necessaries for herself or the family, nor is he now liable for her torts; neither is the wife’s
property liable for the debts of the husband, but her own debts may be enforced against her own
property. In many States contracts between husband and wife are now valid, though in some States they
are still void at law.
Married women have, as a rule, the same right to dispose of their property by last will and testament
as they have to convey it during their life-time; but in some States, as Maryland, their right so to do is
restricted in certain respects. In many States a wife cannot by her will deprive her husband of a certain
share of her property. The laws of descent and of intestate succession vary diversely in the several States.
In Tennessee it is expressly provided that absolute equality shall be observed in the division of estates of
deceased persons dying intestate, and no difference of sex is known in the laws of succession in North
Carolina and Louisiana. In many States the distributive shares of husband and widow, and their
respective rights of curtesy and dower, are similar; but in other States there are complicated differences;
in New York, for instance, the husband being favored with respect to personal property, and the wife
being better protected with regard to real estate. In Louisiana women are declared incapable of being
witnesses to wills.
The laws of California, the Dakotas, Georgia, New Mexico, Ohio, and Idaho expressly enact that the
husband is the head of the family, and that the wife is subject to him. The constitution of Kansas,
however, declares that the legislature shall provide for women equal rights with the husband in the
possession of their children. Such equality is also provided by the laws of Washington. In Maine,
California, the Dakotas, and Georgia, the father is declared to have the right to the custody of his minor
child. In Louisiana, in case of difference between the parents, the authority of the father prevails. The
common law authority of the husband and father is, with modifications, upheld in most of the States, at
least until abandonment, separation, or divorce.
The duty of the husband at common law to support the wife finds further statutory recognition in acts
making the husband’s failure to support the wife cause for absolute or limited divorce. Alimony is
usually granted to the wife on a divorce for the husband’s fault. In North Carolina, Kentucky, and Texas,
divorce is granted for adultery only when committed by the wife, unless the husband abandon the wife
and live in adultery with another woman.
While women, and particularly married women, still in the world of activity, often labor under
disabilities imposed upon them by law for their protection and benefit—“so great a favorite is the female
sex of the laws of England”—it must be admitted that in the course of a century woman has made a great
advance in the direction of personal freedom. When Blackstone wrote, the husband became entitled by
marriage to all the personal property of the wife, and to the rents and profits of her lands, and the very
being or legal existence of the woman was suspended during marriage, or at least was incorporated and
consolidated into that of the husband, under whose wing, protection, and cover she performed
everything. The emancipation of married women has been gradually, silently, successfully accomplished.
—Ed.
 APPENDIX F.—Bibliography.
The following works will be found useful by those who wish to pursue further the subjects treated in
the foregoing chapters.

ADAMS, OSCAR FAY

Handbook of American Authors. Boston, 1884.

BOONE, RICHARD G.

Education in the United States. New York, 1889.

BRACKETT, ANNA C. AND OTHERS

Education of American Girls. New York, 1886.

CAMPBELL, HELEN

Prisoners of Poverty. Boston, 1887.

Anne Bradstreet. Boston, 1891.

CLARKE, E. H.

Sex in Education. Boston, 1873.

DALL, CAROLINE H.

Life of Dr. Marie Zakrzewska; a Practical Illustration of Woman’s Right to Labor. Boston.

DODGE, COLONEL RICHARD IRVING

Our Wild Indians. Hartford, 1882.

ELLET, E. F.

Women of the American Revolution. Philadelphia, 1853.

ENGLES, FREDERICK

Condition of the Working Classes in England in 1844. Translated by Florence Kelly Wischnewetsky. New York, 1887.
GREELEY, HORACE

Recollections of a Busy Life. New York, 1867.

GRISWOLD, R. W.

Female Poets of America. New York, 1849.

D’HERICOURT, MME.

La Femme Affranchie. Paris.

HIGGINSON, THOMAS WENTWORTH

Common Sense about Women. Boston, 1882.

Women and Men. New York, 1887.

HOWE, JULIA WARD AND OTHERS

Sex and Education. Boston, 1874.

JACKSON, HELEN HUNT (“H. H.”)

A Century of Dishonor. New York, 1881.

JACKSON, SHELDON, D.D.

Alaska. New York, 1880.

LARCOM, LUCY

The Story of a New England Girlhood. Boston, 1889.

LEAKE, GENERAL G. B.

Protection of Law for Indians.

LIVERMORE, MARY A.

My Story of the War. Hartford, 1888.

LOWELL OFFERING

MANYPENNY, COLONEL GEORGE

 Our Indian Wards. Cincinnati, 1880.

MARTINEAU, HARRIET

Society in America. New York, 1837.

MILL, JOHN STUART

Subjection of Women. New York, 1870.

OWEN, G. W.

The Indian Question.

PANCOAST, HENRY S.

The Indian before the Law.

PENNY, VIRGINIA

Think and Act: Men and Women: Work and Wages. Philadelphia, 1868.

REPORT OF INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF WOMEN HELD IN WASHINGTON, D. C., 1888.

Washington, 1888.

RIGGS, REV. STEPHEN R., D.D.

Mary and I. Chicago, 1880.

ROBINSON, H. H.

Massachusetts in Woman Suffrage Movement. Boston, 1881.

SEDGWICK, C. M.

Letters from Abroad to Kindred at Home. New York, 1841.

SIMS, MARION

Story of My Life. New York, 1884.

STANTON, THEODORE

The Woman Question in Europe. New York, 1884.

STEDMAN, E. C.

Poets of America. Boston, 1885.

STEDMAN, E. C. AND HUTCHINSON, E. M.

Library of American Literature. New York, 1887–1890.

TIFFANY, REV.

Life of Dorothea Dix. Boston, 1889.

WILLARD, FRANCES E.

Autobiography.

WOLLSTONECRAFT

The Rights of Women. Boston, 1890.

 INDEX.

Abolitionists, character of, 261.

See Garrison, Wm. Lloyd
Adams, Abigail, 257;
quoted, 5, 15;
on intellectual opportunities for girls in her time, 13;
rare abilities of, 15
Adams, Charles F., quoted on co-education, 26
Adams, Hannah, 108
Adamson, Sarah, 158
Affiliated college, the, 41, note, 42, note.
See Collegiate instruction for women; Evelyn College; Barnard
College
Agricultural College Act, the, 57
Albert Lea College, 64, note
Alcott, Abby May, 265
Alcott, Louisa M., 123
American Revolution, woman in, 255
Angell, President, quoted on co-education, 78
Anthony, Susan B., 132, 264, 269, 397
Antioch College, 38, 70
Anti-Slavery women, Work of, 392
Aspasia, 249
Associations:
Co-operative Building, of Boston, 343
New York Moral Reform, 359
Society of Ethical Culture, Relief Works of, 357, note
Visiting Nurse Society, 357
Astell, Mary, 253
Avila, Saint, and the educated woman of to-day, 53

Bar Associations, woman’s international, 243

Barbauld, Mrs., quoted on education of women, 28
Barnard College, 40, note, 41, note;
history of, 44
Barney, Susan Hammond, 365;
chapter by, 359
Bartlett, President, quoted on co-education, 26
Barton, Clara, 266;
chapter by, 411;
life of, 411, note
Bascom, John, quoted on co-education, 80
Beecher, Henry Ward, and woman suffrage, 265
Bittenbender, Ada M., chapter by, 218
Blackwell, Rev. Antoinette Brown, 130, 264, 267;
first woman ordained, 212, note
Blackwell, Dr. Elizabeth, 147, 149, 150, 151, 156, 170, 172, 266, 348;
first woman of modern times to receive medical diploma, 152
Blackwell, Emily, 149, 152, 154, 156, 170, 172
Bologna, University of, admission of women to, 253;
women in, 13
Bonney, Mary L., 377, 385
Boone, Richard G., quoted, 13
Booth, Mary L., 132
Boston Athenæum open to women, 27
Boston Lyceum open to women, 27
Boston University, 39
Botta, Anna Lynch, 124
Bowles, Rev. Ada C., chapter by, 206
Bradstreet, Anne, 108
Bradwell, Myra, 222
Brent, Margaret, 220
Brooks, Rev. Charles T., 37
Brooks, Maria Gowen, 111
Bryn Mawr College, 49
Bryn Mawr Preparatory School, the, 103
Burnett, Frances Hodgson, 121

Call, Emma, 188

Campbell, Helen, 318;
quoted, 320
Cary, Alice, 124
Channing, Rev. William H., and woman suffrage, 265
Chapman, Maria Weston, 398
Charity, necessity for discrimination, 333;
old and new methods compared, 334
Cheney, Ednah Dow, 265;
chapter by, 346
Child, Lydia Maria, 111, 128, 262, 397
Children’s Aid Society, the, of Boston, 332;
of Pennsylvania, 325
Christian Association, Young Women’s, 290, 337
Cincinnati Wesleyan Woman’s College, the, 62
Civilization, three curses on, 403
Civil War, effect of, 265;
influence on education in South, 93;
on the wage-worker, 285
Cleveland, Emmeline, 157, 162
Clubs, girl’s, 339.
See Associations; Unions
Co-education, arguments against, 78;
at Columbian University, 96;
at Cornell University, 79;
at Massachusetts Inst. Technology, 52;
at University of Michigan, 78;
at Northwestern University, 80;
at University of Mississippi, 96;
at University of Wisconsin, 80;
at Tulane University, 97;
at Vanderbilt University, 98;
conditions of pioneer life favorable to, 71;
in graduate study, 176, note;
in medical schools, 173;
in medicine, 176;
in West, 61, 65;
social effects and tendencies of, 81;
number of students in Southern colleges, 98
College, the, influence of, in community, 60
College degrees and State legislatures, 41, note
College faculties, absence of women in, 87
College settlement, 340.
See Neighborhood Guild
Colleges for women, function of, 64;
in the South, 101;
in the West, 61
Collegiate Alumnæ, Association of, standard adopted by, 83, 94
Collegiate Instruction for Women, Society for, 39, 40, note, 41, note
Columbia College, and education of women, 41;
chartered, 260, note
Columbian University, 95
Comstock, Elizabeth, 363
Cone, Helen Gray, chapter by, 107
Cooke, Rose Terry, 124
Co-operation among women, value of, 295
Co-operative industries, 300
Cooper Institute, 288
Cornell University, 47
Corporations, women in, 251
Corson, Dr. Hiram, 178
Cotton-gin, influence of, 280;
invention of, 279
County Medical Society of Philadelphia, 177
Craddock, Charles Egbert. See Murfree, Miss
Crandall, Prudence, 392
Craper, Margaret, 128
Criminals, care of, 359
Croly, Mrs. D. G., 131
Cummings, Joseph, quoted on co-education, 80

Dame-school, the, 7
Davis, Rebecca Harding, 120
Dawes, Hon. H. L., 387
Deaconesses, order of, 357, note
Deland, Margaret, 119
Dickinson, Anna, 266, 397
Dickinson, Mary Lowe, 385
Dickinson, Susan E., chapter by, 128
Dimock, Susan, 166
Dix, Dorothea, 193, 324, 362
Dodge, Mary Mapes, 123, 137

Eastman, Mary F., chapter by, 3

Education, prime motive to the encouragement of, in America, 5;
in West, relation of government to, 55
Education, Woman in, Daniel Defoe on, 253;
in the Eastern States, 3;
in the Southern States, 89;
in the Western States, 52
Elective system of education, influence on co-education, 76
Eliot, President, quoted on co-education, 26
Elizabeth, Queen, 253
Elizabethan era, woman in, 254
Ellet, Elizabeth F., 128
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, quoted on education of women, 30;
and woman suffrage, 264
Evelyn College, 41, note
Everett, Prof. William, quoted on co-education, 26
Exchanges, woman’s, of New York, 295

Factory, the influence of, 280;

laws, disregard of, 316
Farmers’ Alliance, the, 300, note
Fletcher, Alice C., 375
Foley, Margaret, 283
Foltz, Clara S., 237
Foote, Mary Hallock, 121
Foster, Abby Kelly, 396
Foster, Hannah Webster, 109
Franklin, Christine Ladd, chapter by, 89
Free schools, admission of girls to, 5;
first in United States, 12;
founding of the system, 5;
not originated in America, 12;
French and Indian wars, woman in, 255
Fry, Elizabeth, 359, 363
Fuller, Margaret. See Ossoli

Gage, Mrs. Frances D., 130

Garrison, Helen E., 398
Garrison, William Lloyd, 261, 263, 269
Geneva, Treaty of, code, 416;
nations adopting, list of, 417
Gilbert, Linda, 363
Gilder, Jeannette L., 137
Goodale, Elaine, quoted, 390
Goodell, R. Lavinia, 226, 232
Gordon, Laura de Force, 239
Granger Association of Western Farmers, 300
Green, Mrs. Nathaniel, the inventor of cotton-gin, 280
Greenwood, Grace, 129
Gregory, Samuel, 142
Grew, Mary, 397
Grey, Lady Jane, quoted, 6
Grimké sisters, 128, 262, 392
Gymnasiums. See Physical Culture

Hamilton, Gail, 286

Hale, Sarah Josepha, 128
Hall, Mary, 229
Harvard Annex, the. See Collegiate Instruction for Women
Harvard College, founding of, 4, 260, note
Harvard Medical School, 185
Heck, Barbara, 208, 209
H. H. See Jackson, Helen Hunt
Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 269;
and woman suffrage, 265
Higher education, defects of, in West, 83;
for women in the South, 93
Homes for working women, 293
Homes for unfortunates, 328
Hopper, Isaac T., Home, 361
Hospitals, admission of women students to, 189, 190, note;
admission of women physicians to, 191, 192, 353;
admitting women students, list of, 348;
earliest known, 346;
Mt. Sinai, first to appoint woman physician, 190;
New England, 156, 165, 354;
for women, Chicago, 167;
first in world, 153;
Minneapolis, 168;
 New York Infirmary, 153;
Philadelphia, 165;
San Francisco, 168
Howard, Blanche Willis, 121
Howard, Caroline, 110
Howard, Grace, 389
Howe, Elias, inventor of the sewing-machine, 285
Howe, Julia Ward, 124, 132, 215, 269;
introduction by, 1
Hunt, Harriet K., 147, 148
Huntingdon, Countess of, 209
Hutchinson, Anne, 348;
begins work of women in Christian ministry, 206
Huxley, quoted on education, 38
“Hypatia,” 249

Indian Association, national, 384

Indian petition, 380
Indian Treaty-keeping and Protective Association, organization of,
381
Indiana, University of, admission of women to, 72
Indians, care of, 373
Industrial education in the South, 104;
New York association, 336
Industrial schools for girls, Dorchester, Mass., 331;
the Wilson, 288.
See Cooper Institute
Industry, woman in, 276;
arguments against, 287;
average weekly earnings of, in cities, 312;
 condition of, 303;
state interference in condition of wage-earners, 315;
state legislation for protection of, 319
Insane asylums, admission of women physicians to, 193, 194;
women physicians in, 195, 351
Inventive faculty, the, a gift of the American woman, 279
Italy, women in, 13

Jackson, Helen Hunt, 121, 374

Jacobi, Dr. Mary Putnam, 191;
chapter by, 139;
first woman admitted to the Paris École de Médecine, 184, note
Johnson, Mrs. E. C., 364
Joshee, Dr. Amandibai, 353
Journal, first medical, 141, note
Journalism, woman in, 128
Jurors, women as, 244

Kempin, Dr. Emile, 234

Kepley, Ada H., first woman graduate of law school, 233
Kilgore, Carrie Burnham, 235
Kindergarten system, the history of, in America, 335
Knights of Labor, the, women in, 299

Labor, a respect for, the foundation of democracy, 1

Lamb, Martha J., 17
Larcom, Lucy, 124, 283
Latin School for Girls, the, 23;
opening of, 27
Law, woman in, 218;
admission to Supreme Court, 225;
and the Roman Forum, 218;
in England, 219;
influence at bar, 243
Law schools for women, admission to, 233, 238
Lazarus, Emma, 125
Lee, Ann, 208
Leicester Academy, first for girls in New England, 18
Literature, woman in, 107
Livermore, Mary A., 132, 269;
chapter by, 245
Lockwood, Belva Ann, 224, 239
London University, women admitted to medical school, 148, note
Longevity, of college graduates, statistics of, 35
Lowell, Josephine Shaw, 365;
chapter by, 323
Lowell, Maria White, 124
Lowell Mills, the, 281;
contrasted with factories in large cities, 283
Lutes, Annie Cronise, 236
Luther. See Reformation
Lyon, Mary, a pupil of Emerson, 30;
biographical sketch of, 34

Man-midwifery, crusade against, 142

Mann, Horace, and co-education, 38, 70;
and normal schools, 37
Mansfield, Arabella A., first woman to obtain admission to the bar,
221
Martia, Queen of London, 250
Martineau, Harriet, 29, 268
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 52
McNutt, Dr. Sarah, 191
Medical Education Society, Female, 151
Medical schools, first to admit women, 145;
co-education in, See Co-education
Medical schools for women:
Baltimore, 175
Boston University, 146
Buffalo, 175
Chicago, 173
Cooper, 175
Johns Hopkins, 176
New York, 170
Pennsylvania, 146
Philadelphia, 157
Syracuse University, 175
University of Michigan, 173
Medical Society, Philadelphia County, passes resolutions of
excommunication, 162
Medicine, woman in, 139;
annual incomes, 200;
capacity for surgery, 202;
census of 1880, number registered, 197;
characteristics of, 201.
See Surgery, woman in, Hospitals, Insane asylums
Methodism, founder of American. See Heck, Barbara
Methodists, progressiveness of, in education, 61
Methodist University, the, 99
Meyer, Annie Nathan, 44
Midwifery, exclusive control of, by women, 140;
relation of men to, 140
Ministry, woman in, 206;
admission to theological schools, 212, 214, 215, 217;
ministerial conference, 215;
opening of Hartford Theological Seminary, 212;
order of deaconesses, 212;
order of sisterhoods, 213;
in the primitive Church, 216;
recognition in Methodist Episcopal Church, 210,
in Baptist Church, 211,
in German Lutheran Church, 212,
in Methodism, 209,
in Roman Catholic Church, 208,
in Universalist Church, 214,
in Presbyterian Church, 211.
See Oberlin College
Mississippi, University of, 95
Missouri, University of, 75
Mitchell, Prof. Maria, 45, 91, note
Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley, quoted, 6
Moravian Brethren, the, found first private institution in America to
give girls better advantages than common schools, 17;
and secondary education of girls, 92
More, Hannah, and female education, 29
Mott, Lucretia, 207, 262, 263, 264, 395
Moulton, Louise Chandler, 132
Mount Holyoke Seminary, 149;
founding of, 35
Murfree, Miss, 122

Nashville College for young Ladies, the, 100

Nationalism explained, 321
National Woman Suffrage Convention, the first, 264
Neighborhood Guild, the, 340
Nicholson, Mrs. E. J., 133
Nightingale, Florence, 347, 354
New York Infirmary. See Hospitals for women
Normal schools, defect of, in West, 85;
history of system in America, 37;
importance of, 36;
in the South, 104;
primitive beginnings in West, 73
Northwestern University, 76
Nurses, and colored women in South, 358;
past and present contrasted, 354;
training schools for, 354;
training schools for, statistics of, 356

Oberlin College, 266; admits women theological students, 212.

See Co-education
Ossoli, Margaret Fuller, 114, 129;
work for prison reform, 361

Pacific Dispensary. See Hospitals for women

Palmer, Alice Freeman, 47
Parish, Anne, 344
Parker, Theodore, and woman suffrage, 264
Peabody, Elizabeth, 335
Penn Charter School, the, 17
Pennsylvania, University of, admission of women to, 50
Penny, Virginia, 286
Perry, M. Fredrika, 233
Philanthropy—woman in, care of the criminal, 359;
 care of the Indian, 373;
care of the sick, 346;
charity, 323;
difference between past and present methods, 293
Phelps, Elizabeth Stuart, 119
Phelps, Mrs. Lincoln, 91
Phillips, Ann Green, 398
Phillips, Wendell, and woman suffrage, 265
Physical Culture, Normal Institute for, 38
Physicians, women, in State institutions, 351;
in insane asylums, 193
Police matrons, 367, 368
Porter, President, quoted on co-education, 26
Postmasters, women as, 230
Preparatory departments, connection with colleges deplored, 71
Press Association, Woman’s International, 133;
Woman’s National, 135
Prescott, Harriet, 118
Preston, Anne, 157, 163, 165
Prison Association, New York, 328, 360;
Rhode Island, 362
Prisons, reformatory at Sherburne, 351, 364;
reformatory for women and girls, 363
Professions, the keystone to the arch of woman’s liberty, 2
Public speaking by women, first in America, 393;
protests against, 394

Quakers, influence of, 207

Quincy, Josiah, quoted, 21
Quinton, Amelia Stone, 385;
chapter by, 373

Red Cross Society, American amendment to, 419;

not an order, 413;
Origin and Application of, 411
Reformation, influence of, 254
Ripon College, 59
Rhine, Alice Hyneman, chapter by, 276
Robinson, Lelia J., 228
Robinson, Mrs. H. H., 283
Rowson, Susanna, 109

Sanitary Commission, organization of, 166

Schools for girls, first grammar school, 9;
for Indians, 373
School suffrage, States conferring, 271
Secondary instruction in the South, 103
Sectarianism in the college, 59
Sedgwick, Catherine, 115
Semi-colleges, 94, 99
Sewall, Lucy, 166
Sewall, May Wright, 135;
chapter by, 52
Sewing-machine, the influence of, 285
Seymour, Mary F., 137
Shakers, essential doctrines of, 208
Sick, care of, 346
Sigourney, Lydia H., 110
Silk industry in America, 278
Smith College, 46
Smith, Hannah Whitall, quoted, 388
Smith, Sydney, quoted on education of women, 29
Socialism defined, 320, note
Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 132, 263, 269
State boards, women on, 324, 365
State Charities Aid Association, the, of New York, 324
State medical societies admitting women, summary of, 188;
of Massachusetts, admission of women to, 187;
of Philadelphia, admission of women to, 183
State recognition, value of, 173
State universities, argument for, 88;
origin in, 56;
democracy of, 56;
in West, table of, 57
State, Woman in the, 245
Stephens, Ann S., 128
Stevenson, Dr. Sarah Hackett, 183, 192
Stoddard, Mrs., 118
Stone, Lucy, 132, 264, 269, 397
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 116, 397
Straw industry, the, 278
Stuarts, reign of, in England, and disrespect for womanly
intelligence, 6
Sullivan, Margaret Buchanan, 134
Surgery, women in, list of operations performed by, 203.
See Medicine, woman in
Swarthmore College, 50
Sweden, education in, 13
Swisshelm, Jane G., 129, 264
Syracuse University, 48

Teachers, first recognition of women, 11

Temperance Union, Woman’s Christian, 137, 270, 399;
and the public school, 402;
character of meetings, 401;
methods of organization, 402;
prison department of, 365
Terhune, Mrs., 120
Texas, University of, 95
Thompson, Mary H., 167, 174
Troy Female Seminary, 149;
founding of, 33
Tulane University, 95
Tyler, Moses Coit, quoted on co-education, 79

Unions: Illinois Woman’s Alliance, 343;

Protective Agency for Women and Children, of Chicago, 342;
Woman’s National Industrial, 137;
women’s educational and industrial, 339;
Working Woman’s Protective, 291
Unions, trades, influence on women workers, 303;
women in, 301
Universalist Church first to open theological schools to women, 214
University Education of Women, the, Massachusetts Society for, 25.
See Higher Education

Vassar College, 45, 266

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