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Math multi-digit numbers

The document outlines various mathematical concepts including multi-digit multiplication using the lattice method, long division for 3 to 4 digit numbers, the order of operations (PEMDAS), exponential notation, prime and composite numbers, divisibility rules, greatest common factor (GCF), and least common multiple (LCM). Each section provides definitions, examples, and key points to help understand these mathematical principles. The content is structured to facilitate learning and application of these concepts in problem-solving.

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Aceziel Mae Bandajon
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6 views

Math multi-digit numbers

The document outlines various mathematical concepts including multi-digit multiplication using the lattice method, long division for 3 to 4 digit numbers, the order of operations (PEMDAS), exponential notation, prime and composite numbers, divisibility rules, greatest common factor (GCF), and least common multiple (LCM). Each section provides definitions, examples, and key points to help understand these mathematical principles. The content is structured to facilitate learning and application of these concepts in problem-solving.

Uploaded by

Aceziel Mae Bandajon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1. Multi-digit multiplication (Lattice method) - is a 2.

Label the lattice:


visual technique for multiplying large numbers by
Write the digits of one number along the top row and
breaking down the process into smaller steps, using
the digits of the other number down the left column.
a grid-like structure (called a lattice) where you
multiply each digit individually and then add the 3. Multiply and fill the boxes:
results along diagonals to find the final product; it's
essentially an alternative to traditional long Multiply each digit in the row by each digit in the
multiplication, making it easier to manage complex column and write the product in the corresponding box
calculations with multiple digits. within the lattice.

Visual representation: 4. Add diagonals:

The lattice is a grid where each box represents the Starting from the bottom right corner, add the numbers
multiplication of one digit from each number. in each diagonal line, carrying over to the next diagonal
if needed.
Breaking down steps:

It separates the multiplication process into smaller,


manageable steps by multiplying each digit individually
and then adding the results along diagonals.

Place value awareness:

The lattice helps maintain proper place value by


aligning digits correctly within the grid.

How to use the lattice method:

1. Draw the lattice:

Create a grid with rows and columns according to the


number of digits in each number you are multiplying.

2. Division 3 to 4 numbers - refers to the Multiply the divisor by the number you just wrote down
mathematical process of dividing a number with 3 and subtract the result from the first digit of the
or 4 digits by another number, usually using the dividend.
method called "long division" which breaks down
Bring down the next digit from the dividend and repeat
the division into smaller, manageable steps,
the process until you reach the end of the dividend.
allowing you to divide large numbers
effectively; essentially, it's the process of splitting a
large number (between 1000 and 9999) into equal
parts by another number.

Key points about dividing 3 to 4 digit numbers:

Method: Most commonly, long division is used for


dividing numbers in this range.

Steps in long division:

Write the dividend (the number being divided) inside


the division symbol and the divisor (the number
dividing) outside.

Divide the first digit of the dividend by the divisor and


write the result above the division line.
3. Order of operations - the order of operations
are the rules that tell us the sequence in which we
should solve an expression with multiple
operations. The order is PEMDAS: Parentheses,
Exponents, Multiplication, and Division (from left to
right), Addition and Subtraction (from left to right).

4. Exponential natation - Exponential notation is an For example, 5 ×103 is the scientific notation for
alternative method of expressing numbers. the number 5000, while 3.25×102is the
 Exponential numbers take the form an, where a scientific notation for the number 325.
is multiplied by itself n times. Similarly, 3.25×10-2 would represent
A simple example is 8=23=2×2×2.
 In exponential notation, a is termed the base
while n is termed the power or exponent or
index.
 Scientific notation is a specific example of
exponential numbers, 10 is almost always used
as the base number.
Thus 103 means 10×10×10, while 10-3 is the
notation for the reciprocal of 103 namely
1/1000.
 The other name for this mathematical format
is standard form ( you may have come across
this in GCSE mathematics).
 Expressing numbers which are not whole
powers of 10 in scientific notation often
requires a further multiplier, termed
the coefficient (C), giving the expression in the
form C ×10n.

5. Prime and composite numbers - A "prime  Every number that is not prime is considered
number" is a whole number greater than 1 that composite.
can only be divided evenly by 1 and itself, while
a "composite number" is a whole number
greater than 1 that can be divided evenly by
numbers other than 1 and itself; essentially, a
prime number has only two factors (1 and
itself), whereas a composite number has more
than two factors.

Example:

Prime numbers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11

Composite numbers: 4, 6, 8, 9, 10

Key points about prime and composite numbers:

 The number 1 is considered neither prime nor


composite.
6. Review on Divisibility rules - a shortcut Divisible by 11: Alternately add and subtract the digits
method to determine if a whole number is from left to right; if the result is divisible by 11, then the
divisible by another number without performing number is divisible by 11.
long division, by simply examining its digits
Benefits of using divisibility rules:
based on specific patterns; essentially, it allows
you to quickly check if a number can be divided Fast and efficient: They provide a quick way to check if
evenly by another number without having to a number is divisible by another without needing to
calculate the division fully. perform complex calculations.
Key points about divisibility rules: Mental math practice: Utilizing divisibility rules can help
improve mental math skills.
How they work:
Understanding number properties: By learning
Each divisibility rule looks at specific digits or
divisibility rules, you gain insight into the patterns and
combinations of digits within a number to identify if it
relationships between numbers.
follows a certain pattern that indicates divisibility by a
particular number.

Examples of divisibility rules:

Divisible by 2: If the last digit of a number is even (0, 2,


4, 6, or 8), then the number is divisible by 2.

Divisible by 3: If the sum of the digits in a number is


divisible by 3, then the number is divisible by 3.

Divisible by 5: If the last digit of a number is 0 or 5, then


the number is divisible by 5.

7. Greatest Common Factor - The greatest


common factor (GCF) of a set of numbers is the
largest factor that all the numbers share. For
example, 12, 20, and 24 have two common
factors: 2 and 4. The largest is 4, so we say that
the GCF of 12, 20, and 24 is 4. GCF is often used
to find common denominators.
8. Least Common Multiple - LCM is the short common multiple of 2 and 3.
form for “Least Common Multiple.” The
So, what is LCM in math? The LCM of two numbers is
least common multiple is defined as the
smallest multiple that two or more numbers the smallest number divisible by both numbers.
have in common. One prime application of LCM is finding the lowest
common denominator (LCD) of two or more fractions. It
For example: Take two integers, 2 and 3. plays a significant role in adding, subtracting, and
comparing two or more fractions.
Multiples of 2: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20….

Multiples of 3: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30 ….

6, 12, and 18 are common multiples of 2 and 3. The


number 6 is the smallest. Therefore, 6 is the least

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