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Stoichiometry

The document covers stoichiometry, the study of quantities in chemical reactions, emphasizing the importance of balancing equations and using mole ratios. It provides guidelines for calculating masses of reactants and products, as well as examples of gas stoichiometry involving volume ratios. Key concepts include the mole definition, molar mass calculations, and conversions between mass, moles, and volume.

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2 views

Stoichiometry

The document covers stoichiometry, the study of quantities in chemical reactions, emphasizing the importance of balancing equations and using mole ratios. It provides guidelines for calculating masses of reactants and products, as well as examples of gas stoichiometry involving volume ratios. Key concepts include the mole definition, molar mass calculations, and conversions between mass, moles, and volume.

Uploaded by

taha.ali3735
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Stoichiometry

“In solving a problem of this


sort, the grand thing is to be
able to reason backward. This
is a very useful
accomplishment, and a very
easy one, but people do not
practice it much.”
Sherlock Holmes, in Sir Arthur
Conan Doyle’s A Study in Scarlet

Stoichiometry - The study of quantities


of materials consumed and produced
in chemical reactions.
CA Standards
Students know how to describe chemical reactions by
writing balanced equations.

Students know the quantity one mole is set by defining


one mole of carbon 12 atoms to have a mass of exactly
12 grams.

Students know one mole equals 6.02 ´ 1023 particles


(atoms or molecules).

Students know how to determine the molar mass of a


molecule from its chemical formula and a table of atomic
masses and how to convert the mass of a molecular
substance to moles, number of particles, or volume of
gas at standard temperature and pressure.

Students know how to calculate the masses of reactants


and products in a chemical reaction from the mass of one
of the reactants or products and the relevant atomic
masses.
Calculating Masses of
Reactants and Products
1. Balance the equation.
2. Convert mass or volume to
moles, if necessary.
3. Set up mole ratios.
4. Use mole ratios to calculate
moles of desired substituent.
5. Convert moles to mass or
volume, if necessary.
Working a Stoichiometry
Problem
6.50 grams of aluminum reacts with an
excess of oxygen. How many grams of
aluminum oxide are formed.

1. Identify reactants and products and


write the balanced equation.
4 Al + 3 O2 2 Al2O3
a. Every reaction needs a yield sign!
b. What are the reactants?
c. What are the products?
d. What are the balanced coefficients?
Working a Stoichiometry
Problem
6.50 grams of aluminum reacts with an
excess of oxygen. How many grams of
aluminum oxide are formed?

4 Al + 3 O2  2Al2O3

6.50 x 2 x 101.96 ÷ 26.98 ÷ 4 12.3 g Al2O3


=
6.50 g Al 1 mol Al 2 mol Al2O3 101.96 g Al2O3
= ? g Al2O3
26.98 g Al 4 mol Al 1 mol Al2O3
Gas Stoichiometry #1
If reactants and products are at the
same conditions of temperature and
pressure, then mole ratios of gases
are also volume ratios.
3 H2(g) + N2(g) 
2NH3(g)
3 moles H2 + 1 mole N2  2 moles
NH
3 3liters H + 1 liter N2  2 liters NH3
2
Gas Stoichiometry #2
How many liters of ammonia can be
produced when 12 liters of hydrogen
react with an excess of nitrogen?

3 H2(g) + N2(g)  2NH3(g)

12 L H2 2 L NH3
= 8.0 L NH3
3 L H2
Gas Stoichiometry #3
How many liters of oxygen gas, at STP,
can be collected from the complete
decomposition of 50.0 grams of
potassium chlorate?
2 KClO3(s)  2 KCl(s) + 3
O2(g)

50.0 g KClO3 1 mol KClO3 3 mol O2 22.4 L O2


122.55 g KClO3 2 mol KClO3 1 mol O2

= 13.7 L O2
Gas Stoichiometry #4
How many liters of oxygen gas, at
37.0C and 0.930 atmospheres, can be
collected from the complete
decomposition of 50.0 grams of
potassium
2 KClOchlorate?
(s)  2 KCl(s) + 3
3
O2(g)
50.0 g KClO3 1 mol KClO3 3 mol O2
= 0.612
122.55 g KClO3 2 mol KClO3 mol O2

L atm
nRT (0.612mol)(0.082
1 )(310K)
V  molK
= 16.7 L
P 0.930atm

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