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HTML and Excel

The document provides a comprehensive guide on HTML and CSS for web development, detailing elements such as the head and body sections, styling, and hyperlinking. It also covers spreadsheet modeling, including creating and editing models, functions, sorting, filtering data, and best practices for data presentation. Key practices emphasize the importance of proper structure in HTML, effective styling with CSS, and efficient organization in spreadsheets.

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anushkaprakash489
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11 views

HTML and Excel

The document provides a comprehensive guide on HTML and CSS for web development, detailing elements such as the head and body sections, styling, and hyperlinking. It also covers spreadsheet modeling, including creating and editing models, functions, sorting, filtering data, and best practices for data presentation. Key practices emphasize the importance of proper structure in HTML, effective styling with CSS, and efficient organization in spreadsheets.

Uploaded by

anushkaprakash489
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HTML and Excel- Paper-3

ICT(0417)
By Anushka Prakash

1. HTML in the Content Layer


Head Section

 Attach external CSS using <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">.


 Use <meta> tags for:
o Charset: <meta charset="UTF-8">

o Description: <meta name="description" content="Your Page


Description">
o Keywords: <meta name="keywords" content="keyword1, keyword2">

o Author: <meta name="author" content="Your Name">

o Viewport: <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,


initial-scale=1.0">
 Define the default target for links: <base target="_blank"> (opens links in a
new tab).
Body Section
 Tables:
o <table>, <thead>, <tbody>, <tr>, <th>, <td>

o Adjust cells using rowspan and colspan.

o Define table width, height in pixels or percentages.

o Apply inline styles: style="border: 1px solid black; width: 50%;".

 Objects:
o Insert images: <img src="image.jpg" alt="Description" width="300"
height="200">
o Insert audio: <audio controls><source src="audio.mp3"
type="audio/mpeg"></audio>
o Insert video: <video controls width="400"><source src="video.mp4"
type="video/mp4"></video>
 Div & Text Styling:
o Use <div> to group elements and apply CSS classes.

o Apply heading styles <h1>, <h2>, <h3>.

o Use <p> for paragraphs and <li> for lists.

 Bookmarks & Hyperlinks:


o Create a bookmark: <a id="section1"></a>

o Link to a bookmark: <a href="#section1">Go to Section 1</a>

o Link to another page: <a href="page2.html">Next Page</a>

o Link to an external website: <a href="https://www.example.com"


target="_blank">Visit Site</a>
o Email link: <a href="mailto:[email protected]">Send Email</a>

2. CSS in the Presentation Layer


Creating Stylesheets
 Use external CSS: style.css
 Attach in <head>: <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
CSS Properties
 Background:
o background-color: #f0f0f0;

o background-image: url("background.jpg");

 Font Styling:
o font-family: Arial, sans-serif;

o font-size: 16px;

o color: #333;

o text-align: center;

o font-weight: bold;

o font-style: italic;

 Table Styling:
o table { border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; }

o th, td { border: 1px solid black; padding: 8px; text-align: left; }


 Classes:
o .highlight { background-color: yellow; font-weight: bold; }

o .center { text-align: center; }

Lists
 Ordered List: <ol><li>Item 1</li><li>Item 2</li></ol>
 Unordered List: <ul><li>Item 1</li><li>Item 2</li></ul>
 Styling: ul { list-style-type: square; }
Adding Comments in CSS
 Use /* Comment here */ to explain sections of CSS.
Saving Styles
 Save as style.css with proper formatting.
 Ensure correct hierarchy of CSS rules for proper application.

3. File Paths and Hyperlinking


File Paths
 Relative Path: Used for linking local files.
o <a href="folder/page.html">Go to Page</a>

 Absolute Path: Should not be used for local files.


o Example (Avoid): <a
href="C:/Users/Username/Documents/page.html">.
Anchors & Bookmarks
 Use <a id="bookmark"></a> to create a bookmark.
 Link to it using <a href="#bookmark">Jump to Section</a>.
Targeting Links
 _self (default, opens in the same window)
 _blank (opens in a new tab)
 _parent (opens in parent frame)
 _top (opens in full window)
 Named window: <a href="page.html" target="myWindow">Open in
myWindow</a>
3. Spreadsheet Modeling

Creating and Editing a Spreadsheet Model

 Insert/Delete: Cells, rows, columns.


 Merge cells for better layout.
 Create formulae using cell references.
 Replicate formulae using absolute and relative cell references.
 Use arithmetic operators: +, -, *, /, ^ (indices).
 Define named cells and ranges for easier reference.

Functions & Formulae

 Basic Functions:
o SUM(range), AVERAGE(range), MAX(range), MIN(range).
o ROUND(value, decimals), INT(value), COUNT(range).
 Lookup Functions:
o LOOKUP(value, range), VLOOKUP(value, table, col_index, false).
o HLOOKUP(value, table, row_index, false), XLOOKUP(value,
lookup_array, return_array).
 Conditional Logic:
o IF(condition, value_if_true, value_if_false).
o Nested functions for complex operations.

Sorting and Filtering Data

 Sort by single/multiple criteria (ascending/descending).


 Search using AND, OR, NOT, >, <, =, >=, <=, <>.
 Use wildcards * and ? for flexible searches.

Presenting Data

 Display formulae or values.


 Adjust row height, column width, wrap text.
 Hide/display rows and columns.
 Format cells: text color, cell color, bold, italic, shading.
 Numeric formatting: decimal places, currency, percentage.
 Apply conditional formatting based on cell values.

Printing & Page Layout


 Set page orientation: Portrait or Landscape.
 Define print area and control number of pages.
 Show/hide gridlines, row and column headings.

Summary of Best Practices

 Use correct HTML structure for web pages.


 Apply CSS for proper styling and presentation.
 Organize and structure spreadsheet data efficiently.
 Use appropriate functions and formulae for calculations.
 Validate data for accuracy and formatting.
 Ensure print settings and display properties are optimized.

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