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Demography

Demography is the statistical study of populations, including their distribution by age and sex, represented graphically by population pyramids. Key concepts include the age dependency ratio, which compares non-working to working-age populations, and population density, which measures the number of people per area. Factors influencing population density include physical aspects like land and resources, as well as human factors such as political stability and economic opportunities.

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4 views

Demography

Demography is the statistical study of populations, including their distribution by age and sex, represented graphically by population pyramids. Key concepts include the age dependency ratio, which compares non-working to working-age populations, and population density, which measures the number of people per area. Factors influencing population density include physical aspects like land and resources, as well as human factors such as political stability and economic opportunities.

Uploaded by

iambismann
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Demography

DEFINITION OF DEMOGRAPHY:

Demography refers to the systematic, statistical study and analysis of the


population

Population pyramid
A population pyramid is the graphical representation of the distribution of
the population by sex, and age group. It takes the shape of a pyramid
when the population is growing. Population pyramids are also known as
age pyramids because it is a graphical representation of age.
Age dependency ratio
The age dependency ratio is the sum of the young population (under age
15) and elderly population (age 65 and over) relative to the working-age
population (ages 15 to 64). Non-working age : Working age

Population density
Patterns of population density help us understand the demographic
characteristics of any area. It is important to note that each unit of land
can only support a limited number of people efficiently. To learn about
the demography of an area better, it is essential to note the population
density of that area.
Population density is the ratio between the number of people
to the area of the land. It is measured in persons per square
kilometer or km².

Factors affecting population density


● Physical factors: Space constraints, land topography, resources,
climate, water supply, relief, vegetation, soils, and availability of
natural resources and energy.

● Human factors: Social, political, and economic factors such as


better political stability, war or peace, better job opportunities,
lifestyle related factors, etc.

Birth rate: The number of births per 1000 people. Formula:


(Number of births per year / Total population) x 1000

Death rate: The number of death per 1000 people. Formula:


(Number of deaths per year / Total population) x 1000

Net migration: The average number of people moving into a country


minus the average amount of people moving out per 1000 people.

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