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2 Fundamentals of DC Machines Part 2

The document discusses the fundamentals of DC machines, focusing on simple loop generators and the functioning of commutators. It compares lap winding and wave winding in terms of construction, efficiency, and applications, highlighting advantages and disadvantages of fractional pitched coils. Key concepts such as commutator pitch, pole pitch, and coil span are also introduced.

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begarinagaiah59
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12 views

2 Fundamentals of DC Machines Part 2

The document discusses the fundamentals of DC machines, focusing on simple loop generators and the functioning of commutators. It compares lap winding and wave winding in terms of construction, efficiency, and applications, highlighting advantages and disadvantages of fractional pitched coils. Key concepts such as commutator pitch, pole pitch, and coil span are also introduced.

Uploaded by

begarinagaiah59
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fundamentals of DC

Machines – Part 2
Dr. S. THANGALAKSHMI
SIMPLE LOOP GENERATOR
FUNCTIONING OF COMMUTATOR
CONSTRUCTION OF DC GENERATOR
Basis For Comparison Lap Winding Wave Winding
The coil is lap back to the succeeding The coil of the winding form the
Definition
coil. wave shape.
The end of the armature coil is The end of the armature coil is
Connection connected to an adjacent segment on connected to commutator segments
the commutators. some distance apart.

The numbers of parallel path are The number of parallel paths is equal
Parallel Path
equal to the total of number poles. to two.
Parallel Winding or Mulitiple
Other Name Two-circuit or Series Winding.
Winding
EMF Less More
Number of Brushes Equal to the number of parallel paths. Two
Progressive and Retrogressive wave
Types Simplex and Duplex lap winding.
winding
Efficiency Less High
Additional Coil Equalizer Ring Dummy coil
High (because more conductor is
Winding Cost Low
required)
In low voltage, high current In high voltage, low current
Uses
machines. machines.
DUMMY COILS
COMMUTATOR PITCH

It is always a whole number.


COMMUTATOR PITCH
POLE PITCH

Distance between the centres of adjacent poles.


COIL SPAN OR COIL PITCH
FULL PITCHED AND FRACTIONAL PITCHED COILS
FULL PITCHED AND FRACTIONAL PITCHED COILS
ADVANTAGES - FRACTIONAL PITCHED COILS

• Waveform of induces EMF can be approximately made into


a sine wave and losses due to harmonics can be totally
reduced or eliminated.
• Conductor material, copper, is saved in the back and in the
front due to less copper span.
• Fractional slot winding or fractional coils can /be used which
in turn reduces losses due to the tooth ripple.
• Mechanical strength of the coil is increased.
DISADVANTAGES - FRACTIONAL PITCHED COILS

The disadvantages of using short-pitch winding is that, the total


voltage around the coils is somewhat reduced. In order to
compensate for this reduction in Generated EMF, more number
of turns and therefore more copper is required.
SIMPLEX LAP WINDING
SIMPLEX WAVE WINDING

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