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Name: Class: Date:

Chapter 01 - Supply Chain Management: An Overview

Ch 01

Test Bank for Supply Chain Management: A Logistics

Perspective, 11th Edition, C. John Langley, Jr., Robert A.
Novack Brian J. Gibson John J. Coyle
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1. The first decade of the twenty-first century was a period of rapid change for organizations, especially businesses.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True

2. An organization practicing sustainable supply chain management expects its suppliers to conform to the same
sustainability standards it holds.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True

3. Globalization has had little effect on consumers.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False

4. Supply and demand has become less volatile as managers have become more adept at controlling the elements.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False

5. Outsourcing is a fairly new concept.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False

6. Sustainability reporting is a growing practice, either mandatory or voluntarily, due to the demand for transparency in
the supply chains.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True

7. It is predicted that social networks such as Facebook and Twitter will influence supply chains because of their impact
on customer demand and the speed of information transfer.
a. True
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Name: Class: Date:

Chapter 01 - Supply Chain Management: An Overview

Ch 01

b. False
ANSWER: True

8. Best-in-class companies have developed a more flexible production schedule that allows for making inventory
adjustments in 48 to 72 hours.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False

9. Beginning in the late 1970s and into the 1980s, the US transportation industry was deregulated. The net result was a
less competitive environment.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False

10. Most retailers are essentially supply chain companies since they:
a. dominate the consumer market.
b. own their warehouses and trucks.
c. buy products produced by others.
d. engage in off-shore sourcing.
ANSWER: c

11. Which of the following is not one of the external forces driving the rate of change and shaping our economic and
political landscape?
a. Government policy
b. Technology
c. Environmental concerns
d. Globalization
ANSWER: c

12. Outsourcing involves:

a. moving company facilities away from the home office.
b. conducting business on a global scale.
c. obtaining materials, parts, products, and services from other companies.
d. building a factory in another country.
ANSWER: c

13. Identify the proper sequence of the three "flows" in the supply chain.
1. Product
2. Cash
3. Information
a. 1, 2, 3
b. 1, 3, 2
c. 2, 1, 3
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
Name: Class: Date:

Chapter 01 - Supply Chain Management: An Overview

Ch 01

d. 3, 2, 1
ANSWER: b

14. The demographics of our society has changed because:

a. the "Baby Boom" generation is aging.
b. of the increase in two-career families and single-parent households.
c. of immigration.
d. birth rates have changed.
ANSWER: b

15. The Supply Chain Concept:

a. is very new and considered cutting edge technology.
b. is highly dependent on computerization.
c. is not always well understood by senior managers.
d. is developed from the previous physical distribution concept.
ANSWER: d

16. Logistics, in its simplest form,

a. is a military term, as it was developed originally to supply the battlefield.
b. combines inbound logistics with the outbound logistics of physical distribution.
c. is another term for transportation management.
d. does not involve customer service or other related functions.
ANSWER: b

17. Ten years ago, Southwest Auto Parts would ship a standard number of various parts to all of its 147 locations once a
month. Today, Southwest’s more sophisticated inventory system monitors the stock at each location and adjusts the
number of each part accordingly in the monthly shipment to each store in order to prevent under- or overstocking the
stores on any given part. Within an integrated supply chain, this is an example of change in:
a. product flow.
b. information flow.
c. cash flow.
d. demand flow.
ANSWER: d

18. Which of the following flows only one way as illustrated in the Integrated Supply Chain—Basics figure?
a. Information
b. Products and services
c. Financials
d. None of these answers
ANSWER: d

19. Henderson Air manufactures heating and air conditioning units. Once a day, Henderson’s computerized inventory
system monitors the number of bolts and other fasteners the company needs to maintain production. If the amount of any

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3

Name: Class: Date:

Chapter 01 - Supply Chain Management: An Overview

Ch 01
type of fastener in inventory dips below preset standards, the computer automatically sends an order for more fasteners to
Acme Fastener and Tool. This is an example of:
a. information flowing backward from the customer to the supplier.
b. information flowing forward from the supplier to the customer.
c. information flowing laterally between the customer and the supplier.
d. information flowing forward from the customer to the supplier.
ANSWER: a

20. Acme Fastener and Tool had a six-hour work stoppage yesterday, which means the company does not have its usual
number of fasteners stored in inventory. Concerned that the inability to fulfill all current orders may have an adverse
effect on some customers, Acme’s account executives are notifying all customers, including Henderson Air, that there
could potentially be a small delay in delivering some orders. This is an example of:
a. information flowing backward from the customer to the supplier.
b. information flowing forward from the supplier to the customer.
c. information flowing laterally between the customer and the supplier.
d. information flowing backward from the supplier to the customer.
ANSWER: b

21. The challenge to develop and sustain an efficient and effective supply chain(s) requires organizations to address a
number of issues. Which of the following is not included in them?
a. Complexity
b. Inventory deployment
c. Inventory carrying costs
d. Technology
ANSWER: c

22. Which of the following is not part of the Supply Chain network?
a. Plants
b. Stores
c. Terminals
d. Distribution centers
ANSWER: b

23. Complexity in the supply chain is caused by:

a. the number of SKUs.
b. locations of customers and suppliers.
c. transportation requirements.
d. all of these answers.
ANSWER: d

24. Don is comparing quotes from two different shippers. One shipper has offered a lower price but will require three
weeks to ship his products, while the other has offered to deliver the goods to his customer in 10 days, but for a higher
price. Don is evaluating:
a. outbound logistics versus inbound logistics.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4
Name: Class: Date:

Chapter 01 - Supply Chain Management: An Overview

Ch 01

b. cost performance versus schedule performance.

c. cost versus value.
d. profit versus customer service.
ANSWER: c

25. Performance measurement is important because:

a. it allows firms to rate competitors.
b. without it, managers would not know how the global economy is doing.
c. companies presently operating in the European Economic Community need to understand how its competitors
are doing.
d. lower-level metrics in an organization must connect directly to the high-level performance to achieve goals.
ANSWER: d

26. A critical outcome of the supply chain is to deliver:

a. profits.
b. the right product to the right place.
c. cost/value.
d. on management's expectations.
ANSWER: b

27. What is the significance of Globalization in Supply Chain Management?

ANSWER: Arguably, globalization is the most frequently cited change factor by business leaders, and it has replaced
the post-World War II Cold War as the dominant driving force in world economics. The concept of the
global marketplace or global economy has taken on new meaning for all enterprises (profit and nonprofit;
small, medium, and large; products or services) and for individual consumers during the last two decades.
Overall, globalization has led to a more competitively intense economic and geopolitical environment. This
environment manifests itself in opportunities and threats, both economic and political. Some individuals
have implied that there is no "geography" in the current global environment (figuratively speaking) or,
perhaps more aptly, that time and distance have been compressed.

28. Explain how today's consumers are empowered and how they impact Supply Chain Management.
ANSWER: Today's consumers are more enlightened and educated, and they are empowered more than ever by the
information that they have at their disposal from the Internet and other sources. Their access to supply
sources has expanded dramatically beyond their immediate locale by virtue of catalogs, the Internet, and
other media. They have the opportunity to compare prices, quality, and service. Consequently, they demand
competitive prices, high quality, tailored or customized products, convenience, flexibility, and
responsiveness. They tend to have a low tolerance level for poor quality in products and services.
Consumers also have increased buying power due to higher income levels. They demand the best quality at
the best price and with the best service. These demands place increased challenges and pressure on the
various supply chains for consumer products.

29. Describe the concept of an "integrated logistics management" that begins with the supplier's supplier and ends with the
final consumer, including both outbound-related factors and inbound-related factors. What are the benefits to considering
outbound and inbound logistics as a whole?
ANSWER: Supply chain management can be viewed as a pipeline or conduit for the efficient and effective flow of
products, materials, services, information, and financials from the supplier's suppliers through the various

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5

Name: Class: Date:

Chapter 01 - Supply Chain Management: An Overview

Ch 01

intermediate organizations or companies out to the customer's customers, or a system of connected networks
between the original vendors and the ultimate final consumer. Some of the factors related to inbound logistics
include more efficient transportation planning and global sourcing of materials and supplies. The extended
enterprise perspective of supply chain management, which considers inbound and outbound logistics as a
whole, represents a logical extension of the logistics concept, providing an opportunity to view the total
system of interrelated companies for increased efficiency and effectiveness.

30. Discuss how globalization and consolidation in supply have increased complexity.
ANSWER: Globalization and consolidation in supply chains have increased the complexity for organizations in terms of
SKUs, customer and supplier locations, transportation requirements, trade regulations, taxes, and so forth.
Companies need to take steps to simplify, as much as possible, the various aspects of their supply chains. For
example, the number of SKUs has expanded for many companies, which exacerbates problems for inventory
management and order fulfillment. Consequently, companies have been rationalizing SKUs to eliminate the
slow movers and items that do not contribute to profitability. Locations also need to be analyzed to eliminate
high-cost or duplicative operations. Customer service levels need to be rationalized, as do vendors or supplier
alternatives. Layers of complexity develop and may seem necessary, but organizations need to continually
evaluate those areas of complexity by evaluating processes, training people, and exploiting technology.

31. Discuss how Performance Measurement can affect Supply Chain Management.
ANSWER: Most organizations have measures of performance or metrics in place to analyze and evaluate their efficiency
and progress over different time periods. Sometimes, such measures are used for setting baseline performance
objectives or expected outcomes, for instance, orders filled and shipped per day. Measurement is important,
and at this juncture, it is important to recognize that lower-level metrics in an organization must connect
directly to the high-level performance measures of the organization and the supply chain, which are usually
net profit, return on investment, or assets and cash flow. In some instances, metrics are set that appear logical
for the subunit of the organization but are suboptimal for the overall organization or supply chain. For
example, the warehouse manager who is measured by the cost per cubic foot of units stored will be motivated
to fill the warehouse to the ceiling.

32. What is the role of Transportation Management in connection with Supply Chains?
ANSWER: Transportation can be viewed as the glue that makes the supply chain model function. The critical outcomes of
the supply chain are to deliver the right product, at the right time, in the right quantity and quality, at the right
cost, and to the right destination. Transportation plays an important role in making these "rights" happen.
Another aspect of the importance of transportation is related to some of the strategies that are being used by
companies to remain competitive in today's economy—for example, just-in-time inventory, lean logistics and
manufacturing, and scheduled deliveries. The challenge has been exacerbated by economic changes among
transportation providers; shortages of drivers, higher fuel costs, and changes in driver hour regulations have
led to what some individuals have called a transportation crisis or the "perfect storm." Transportation has gone
from being a readily available commodity to potential users, especially in the 1990s, to today where
transportation is scarce in some market areas.

33. Of the 11 specific challenges to supply chain management discussed in the chapter, which one do you think is the
most significant or would have the greatest impact on an organization? Provide at least one general example to support
your answer.
ANSWER: Students’ answers will vary, but must demonstrate thoughtful analysis and be supported by one or more
examples. The 11 challenges are: supply chain networks, complexity, inventory deployment, the abundance of
data, cost versus value, organizational relationships, performance measurement, technology, transportation
management, supply chain security, and talent management.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6

Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
 THE GREAT MATCH-BOX MYSTERY
PART ONE
I wonder—has any one ever made a psychoanalytical study of the
habits of the Match-box family?
By Match-box family I mean the yellow and black, self-sufficient
variety that arrive from the grocer in packages of a dozen and are at
once torn apart and distributed (like kittens or missionaries) to every
point of the compass.
Each box has its own special territory, and there it should stand,
ready to the last match for any sudden emergency, such as the re-
animation of the just-gone-out pipe, or the finding of the eyeglasses
in the dark that their owner may be able to read the time on his
radium-faced wrist-watch, or a thousand and one things.
There are indeed a thousand and one good and sufficient reasons
(apart from its being its plain duty) why a match-box should always
be on the job, and like the thousand and one cures for rheumatism
not one of them (unless it be a horse-chestnut in the pocket) can be
relied upon to work.
I sometimes think “a thousand and one” must be an unlucky
number.
The greater the need of its services the less likely is the match-
box to be in that particular place where any number of witnesses will
testify upon oath they had seen it only a moment before.
What is the strikeology of it? Have match-boxes that perverted
sense of humor that finds expression in practical jokes? No, it is
nothing like that. Would that it were! It is something less easy to
explain. It is something sinister—something rather frightening.
 . . . .
I am a devout reader of detective stories and with much study of
their methods have come to regard myself as something of a sleuth,
in a purely theoretic way of course; nevertheless I have always
hoped some day to put my theories to the test, and here was the
chance. I would find out where the match-boxes go, I would follow
their trail to the bitter end, even if it led to the door of the White
House itself!
. . . .
First I made a careful blue-print plan of the flat in which I (and the
match-boxes) live, marking plainly in red ink all the doors, windows,
fire-escapes (fire-escapes are most important); dumbwaiters,
closets, trapdoors (there weren’t any but I put them in to make it
more professional); then—but why go into all the thousand and—
there’s that unlucky number again—the thousand and two minute
and uninteresting details? You would only skip them and turn to the
last paragraph to end the horrible suspense and learn at once what I
discovered. * * *

PART TWO

Synopsis of Previous Chapter. Having observed that

Match-boxes, placed in every room of the house,
invariably disappear in a few hours, the narrator
resolves to solve the mystery even though the trail
should lead straight to the White House in Washington.
Accordingly he makes a plan of all the rooms, closets,
etc., and searches every possible hiding-place, but no
trace of the Match-boxes is found.

What can have become of them! I have searched every corner of

every room in the house—Stay! There is one room I have overlooked
—the Haunted Room in the West Corridor, haunted by the ghosts of
dead cigarettes, unfinished poems and murdered ideas. It is my
study (or studio, as the occasion may be). With trembling hand on
the porcelain door-knob, I pause to recall the secret combination.
In vain I rack my brain to remember the secret combination of my
study door. Then suddenly it flashes upon me that long ago I wrote
it down in the address book I carried in my pocket.
There are twelve pockets in the suit I am wearing. Fearfully I go
through the twelve pockets and many are the lost treasures and
forgotten-to-mail letters I find, but no Address Book! Wait! there is
still another pocket! One I never use—the thirteenth pocket!
With the deliberation of despair I empty the Thirteenth Pocket of
its contents—a broken cigarette, two amalgamated postage stamps,
a device for cleaning pipe bowls, some box-checks for The Famous
Mrs. Fair, four rubber bands, a fragment of an Erie time-table and—
the Address Book!
On the last page of the Address Book is the Combination, written
in a pale Greek cipher, but still legible, grasping the porcelain door-
knob firmly between my thumb and four fingers I scan the cipher
eagerly. De-coded, it reads as follows—Twist knob to the right as far
as possible and push door.
. . . .
With heart beating like a typewriter I obeyed the directions to the
letter, and to my intense relief the door yielded and in another
moment I was in the room!
And there, scattered over the surface of my desk like surprised
conspirators, feigning ignorance of one another’s presence, were
twelve yellow Match-boxes!
How they mastered the combination of the door and got into the
room, I shall not attempt to explain. I am only an amateur
Detective.
All I know is that Match-boxes, though they be scattered to the
ends of the house (or World), always get together in some one
place.
Perhaps it is for safety, they get together.
I have always wondered why they are called Safety Matches.
Perhaps that is the reason!
 ARE CATS PEOPLE?

I
f a fool be sometimes an angel unawares, may not a foolish query
be a momentous question in disguise? For example, the old
riddle: “Why is a hen?” which is thought by many people to be the
silliest question ever asked, is in reality the most profound. It is the
riddle of existence. It has an answer, to be sure, but though all the
wisest men and women in the world and Mr. H. G. Wells have tried
to guess it, the riddle “Why is a hen?” has never been answered and
never will be. So, too, the question: “Are Cats People?” seemingly so
trivial, may be, under certain conditions, a question of vital
importance.
Suppose, now, a rich man dies, leaving all his money to his eldest
son, with the proviso that a certain portion of it shall be spent in the
maintenance of his household as it then existed, all its members to
remain under his roof, and receive the same comfort, attention, or
remuneration they had received in his (the testator’s) lifetime. Then
suppose the son, on coming into his money, and being a hater of
cats, made haste to rid himself of a feline pet that had lived in the
family from early kittenhood, and had been an especial favorite of
his father’s.
Thereupon, the second son, being a lover of cats and no hater of
money, sues for possession of the estate on the ground that his
brother has failed to carry out the provisions of his father’s will, in
refusing to maintain the household cat.
The decision of the case depends entirely on the social status of
the cat.
Shall the cat be considered as a member of the household? What
constitutes a household anyway?
 The definition of “Household” in the Standard Dictionary is as
follows: “A number of persons living under the same roof.”
If cats are people, then the cat in question is a person and a
member of the household, and for failing to maintain her and
provide her with the comfort and attention to which she has been
used, the eldest son loses his inheritance. Having demonstrated that
the question “Are Cats People?” is anything but a trivial one, I now
propose a court of inquiry, to settle once for all and forever, the
social status of felis domesticus.
And I propose for the office of judge of that court—myself!
In seconding the proposal and appointing myself judge of the
court, I have been careful to follow political precedent by taking no
account whatever of any qualifications I may or may not have for
the office.
For witnesses, I summon (from wherever they may be) two great
shades, to wit: King Solomon, the wisest man of his day, and Noah
Webster, the wordiest.
And I say to Mr. Webster, “Mr. Webster, what are the common
terms used to designate a domestic feline whose Christian name
chances to be unknown to the speaker?” and Mr. Webster answers
without a moment’s hesitation:
“Cat, puss, pussy and pussy-cat.”
“And what is the grammatical definition of the above terms?”
“They are called nouns.”
“And what, Mr. Webster, is the accepted definition of a noun?”
“A noun is the name of a person, place or thing.”
“Kindly define the word ‘place’.”
“A particular locality.”
“And ‘thing’.”
“An inanimate object.”
 “That will do, Mr. Webster.”
So, according to Mr. Noah Webster, the entity for which the noun
cat stands, must, if not a person, be a locality or an inanimate
object!
A cat is surely not a locality, and as for being an inanimate object,
her chance of avoiding such a condition is nine times better even
than a king’s.
Then a cat must be a person.
Suppose we consult King Solomon.
In the Book of Proverbs, Chapter XXX, verse 26, Solomon says:
“The coneys are but a feeble folk, yet they make their houses in the
rocks.”
A coney is a kind of rabbit; folk, according to Mr. Webster, only
another word for people.
That settles it! If the rabbits are people, cats are people.
Long lives to the cat!
 MLLE. FAUTEUIL

I
t is harder for a table or chair to behave naturally on the stage
than for a camel to be free and easy in a needle’s eye, or for Mr.
Rockefeller to get into Heaven (or Hell?) with the money.
What can be more pathetic than the spectacle of a helpless young
chair or table or settee starting on a stage career shining with gilt
varnish and high ambition to reflect in art’s mirror the drawing-room
manners of the furniture of real life.
Mlle. Fauteuil (that is her stage name, in private life she is just
plain Sofa) is fresh, charming and of the best manufacture. She
appears nightly in a Broadway theater, yet she has attracted no
attention. She has received no press notices.
Certainly this is from no lack of charm on her part. Her legs are
delightful. In the contemplation of their gilded curves, one scarcely
notices that she has no arms or that her back is slightly curved, and
her upholstery, a brocade of the season before last.
In a hushed papièr-mâché voice the property man told me the
story of Mlle. Fauteuil’s persecution—how, at the first rehearsal with
scenery, she occupied a perfectly proper position between the center
table and the bay window, how the Leading Lady insisted on her
being moved as she obstructed that superior person’s path when,
after writing the letter, she crosses to the window to see if her
Husband is in the garden.
Mlle. Fauteuil was then transferred to a station between the table
and the fire-place. This was all right, until the scene between the
Husband and Wife, when the Husband walks back and forth (quickly
up stage and slowly down stage), between the table and the fire-
place.
 This time it was not a case of politely requesting the intervention
of the stage-manager.
. . . .
Poor mangled Fauteuil! When she was picked up from the
orchestra pit where he had thrown her it was found that two of her
rungs were fractured and her left castor was broken clean off at the
ankle.
After half a day in the hospital without either anesthetics, flowers
or press notices, she reappeared on the left side of the stage,
between the center table and the safe. Here she was conspicuous
and happy until it was found that the Erring Son in his voyage from
the window to the safe, was compelled to take a difficult step to one
side to avoid the fauteuil.
Bandied from right to left, up stage and down stage, at last Mlle.
Fauteuil landed in her present obscure position, to the right of the
stairway pillar, where, though miserably obscure, she interferes with
nobody’s stage business.

In the interior set as now played there is only one chair with a
speaking part—this is, the Jacobean chair on which the leading man
leans when talking to the ingénue. In the first act, it faces left so
that he may show his favorite profile. In the second act, the chair is
reversed in order that the audience may enjoy his more popular and
extensively photographed left profile.
The moral of this story is that the furniture on the stage must
never appear more intelligent than the actors.
 MONEY AND FIREFLIES

O
h, yes, Money talks. We all know that, and a very noisy talker it
is and very harsh and metallic is its accent. But sometimes
money talks in a whisper, so low that it can hardly be heard.
Then is the time it should be watched, even if spies and
dictaphones must be set upon it. The money whose eloquence, we
are told, wished the shackles of Prohibition on this land of the free,
talked with such a “still small voice” that everybody (except you and
me, dear Reader) mistook it for the voice of conscience.
Speaking of money perhaps you don’t know it, but it is
nevertheless true, that the light given off by one of the many species
of Firefly is the most efficient light known, being produced at about
one four-hundredth part of the cost of the energy which is expended
in the candle flame. That is what William J. Hammer says in his book
on Radium, giving as his authority Professor S. P. Langley and F. W.
Very.
And Sir Oliver Lodge says if the secret of the Firefly were known, a
boy turning a crank could furnish sufficient energy to light an entire
electric circuit.
But to the Casual Observer there is only one variety of Firefly.…
Like Wordsworth’s primrose:

The Firefly with fitful glim

Is just a Lightning Bug to him
And it is nothing more.

In reality there are almost as many different kinds of Firefly in the

United States alone as there are varieties of the great American
Pickle.
The late Professor Hagen of Harvard College, it is said, when
enjoying the beauties of Nature one night in the company of the
Casual Observer, was aroused from an apparent reverie by the
question “Have you noticed the Fireflies, Professor?”
“Yes,” replied Professor Hagen, “I have already counted thirteen
distinct species.”
Another quite different story is told of a well-known English
actress—Cecilia Loftus, if you insist on knowing her name. It was her
first visit to America and Miss Loftus was sitting with another Casual
Observer on the piazza of a country house whose grounds were
separated from the road by a belt of trees.
“Do you see the Fireflies?” said the Casual Observer, pointing
toward the road.
“Fireflies!” exclaimed Cecilia, “why, I thought they were hansom-
cab lights!”
 CONCERNING THE TROUSER-
CREASE

I
t may perchance be questioned how long Britannia shall continue
to rule the waves, but that she will ever cease to rule the fashions
(the male fashions, I mean) is beyond the dreams of the boldest
tailor or the maddest hatter.
Nevertheless, every rule has its exception and the Rule of Fashion
is no exception to the rule that rules that every rule has its
exception.
Every once in a while, since the invention of trousers, one or
another English King has ruled that the human trouser-crease shall
crown the Eastern and Western slope instead of the Northern and
Southern exposure of the trouser-leg.
The law has never been considered by Parliament, for even the
most radical House of Commons would balk at legislation so
subversive of individual freedom, but by word of mouth, by courier,
by post, by cable, by wireless, by airplane the edict has passed
through all the nations and all the tribes to the trousermost ends of
the earth.
And with what result?
With no result whatever. As far as it has been possible to push
inquiry, it is safe to say that no trouserian biped bearing the mark of
a lateral crease has been met with in any quarter of the Globe, or,
for that matter, ever will be.
Strange, is it not, that the Tailors (proverbially the most
complacent, not to say timid, of men) should, without any plan or
program or fuss or demonstration of any sort, unite as one man—or
rather one tailor—and refuse to obey the unlimited monarch of the
male fashions of the civilized world. What is the explanation?
There are two explanations. One is Commercialism.
There is no profit to be made out of a change in the geography of
a trouser-crease. It is purely a matter of self-determination on the
part of the inhabitant of the trousers.
If there were no more financial profit to be gained by the
remaking of the creases in the map of Europe than is to be got out
of changing the trouser-crease, there would be no call for a League
of Nations.
Should some inventive tailor (inventive tailor!) devise a crease that
could be woven into the very being of the Trouser, then it would be a
very different matter. The slightest variation in the location of the
crease would cause an upheaval in the (I’m tired of the word
Trouser)—in the “Pant” market that would mean millions of dollars to
the trade.
As it is there is no money in it.
The other explanation is that the story of King Edward or King
George creasing the Royal Pants in any but the usual place is made
out of whole cloth.
But let us suppose for a moment (just for the fun of the thing)
that in some possible scheme or caprice of creation there were such
a thing as an inventive tailor.
And the inventive tailor invented a permanent trouser-crease and
planted it on the Eastern and Western frontiers of the trouser-legs.
What would be the probable effect of the innovation on the
trouser-bearing species of the human race?
In that process of advancing alternate trouser-legs we call
locomotion do we not consciously, or unconsciously, follow in the
direction indicated by the point of the crease?
 What then would happen if the crease were transferred from the
front to the sides?
The Crab alone of all living creatures exhibits in its legs a
formation that corresponds to the human trouser-crease.
This ridge-like formation or crease occurs in the side of the Crab’s
legs, not in the front as in the human species!
And the slogan of the Crab (as everyone knows) is, “First make
sure you’re right and then go sideways.”
Shall we too go sideways?

Charlie Chaplin is the only human creature whose feet go East and
West as his face travels North and his trouser-creases are so
complicated it would be difficult to classify them.
Perhaps they hold the secret of his centrifugal orientation, his
inexplicable fascination.
Who knows!
 AN OLD-FASHIONED HEAVEN

W
e have to thank an Anglican clergyman, the Rev. G. Vale Owen,
for the latest description of the Future Life of our species.
Impelled by a “gentle, steady but accumulative force” this good man
became the unwilling amanuensis of the spirit of his mother and
“other friends” and has written a description of the houses, trees,
bridges, gardens and people of the other world and their
occupations that could scarcely be improved upon by the most
imaginative motion-picture photographer, or mechanic or scrub-
woman or whoever it may be that writes the scenarios.
We of this world are still, after many thousand years of waiting,
eager for the faintest ray of light that may be thrown on the actual
conditions of what we call “the world to come,” or as the Spiritists
love to say, “behind the veil,” but for the tawdry imaginings of the
Reverend Mr. Owen the “Veil” serves only as an opaque screen upon
whose surface they flicker grotesquely like the disorderly apparitions
of a cinema projection.
As a Seer this reverend gentleman, without for a moment
questioning his sincerity, is a failure; his narrative, is childish in its
crudity and tedious as a dream told at the breakfast table.
One thing, however, is interesting, and that is to trace as we do,
through the transcendental claptrap of “rainbow brides” and white-
winged angels and the pseudo-scientific jargon of “planes,”
“vibrations,” “spheres,” and “fourth dimension,” the—shall I say
humanizing—influence of the cinema.
For the first time we learn that there are bath tubs in the Heavenly
Mansions—Bathtubs! With hot and cold water, and Dr. Owen does
not stop at bathtubs; he assures us there are also—don’t faint—
water nymphs! Can’t you see all Israel clamoring for the picture
rights!
Imagine the angelic shade of St. Anthony or Mr. Spurgeon coming
unexpectedly upon a school of water nymphs!
And how is this for a motion-picture “fade out”?
“As we knelt the whole summit of the hill seemed to become
transparent—we saw right through it and a part of the regions below
was brought out with distinctness. The scene we saw was a dry and
barren plain in semi-darkness and standing, leaning against a rock,
was a man of large stature.”
I strongly suspect that the Reverend Mr. Vale Owen is, like myself
(to my shame confess it), a motion-picture fan!
 ANOTHER LOST ART

T
hese are mournful days for the Polite Arts. One by one they are
passing away—the Art of Conversation, the Art of Paying Calls,
the Art of Letter Writing.
The Art of Conversation is no longer even a subject for
conversation. No one so much as remembers of what it died. Did it
languish and fade away into an Eternal Pause as such a dignified
gentleman of the old school as the Art of Conversation would be
expected to do—or was it murdered?
The mystery surrounding the death of the Art of Conversation has
never been properly cleared up. Some think it died of heart failure
induced by the killing modern pace. Others say it starved to death.
Others again, that it was done to death by the chewing-gum trust.
For my part, I believe the Art of Conversation talked itself to death.
It died of obesity—it grew and grew and grew until, when all the
world talked there was nobody left to listen. Then it burst.
No such mystery hangs about the death of the Art of Paying Calls.
Here it was a case of plain every-day murder—and what is more, the
murderer still lives. Millions of electric volts are pumped into him
every day, but he still lives—the more electricity we give him the
livelier he grows. He is the Telephone, and the Telephone is the
murderer of the Art of Calling.
Poor old Art of Calling! We shake our heads and murmur
perfunctory regrets—“good old chap,” and all that sort of thing, but
really in our heart of hearts, let me whisper it very low—we don’t
really miss him very much; to tell the truth, we are rather, that is to
say, quite glad he is dead. If anyone of us had had the courage of
his conviction he would have killed him long ago. To speak plainly,
the Art of Calling was a pestiferous tyrant—and he only got what he
deserved.
 MR. CHESTERTON AND THE
SOLILOQUY

“I
often talk to myself,” says Mr. G. K. Chesterton, speaking in
defense of the stage soliloquy. “If a man does not talk to
himself it is because he is not worth talking to.”
The deduction is obvious, but it is based upon false premises. If
Mr. Chesterton is worth talking to, it is certainly not because he talks
to himself. It is impossible to imagine a more foolish waste of energy
than that expended in talking to one’s self. The man who talks to
himself is twice damned (as a fool). First, for wasting speech on an
auditor who knows in advance every word he will utter. Second, for
listening to a speaker whose every word he can foretell before it is
uttered.
Mr. Chesterton’s argument, failing as it does to prove that he is
worth talking to, is still less happy as a defense of the stage
soliloquy.
A character in a play talks to himself not, as Mr. Chesterton would
have us believe, because he is worth talking to, but to enlighten the
audience on points which the inexpert playwright has otherwise
failed to make plain.
The stage soliloquy is only permissible as an indication of the
character of one who talks to himself in real life. For instance, if I
wished to dramatize G. K. Chesterton, since he often talks to himself,
I should have him soliloquize upon the stage. I might make it a
double part with two Mr. Chestertons dressed as the two Dromios.
As a stage device the soliloquy is only a confession of weakness on
the part of the playwright, and has been justly sentenced to death.
 Its only hope for a reprieve is to retain (at great expense) an ex-
president or an eminent K. C. who might argue that since the “fourth
wall” of a stage interior is removed in order that the audience may
view the actions of the players, it is therefore permissible to remove
the “fourth wall” of the players’ heads so that the audience may view
the action of their brains.
And the ex-president or the eminent K. C. would probably “get
away with it.”
 BUNK

W
hen Alexander the Great cut with his sword the Gordian Knot,
which had baffled all his efforts to untie with honest fingers, it
goes without saying that his impudent performance received the
applause of the onlookers.
As he stood there, his heavy sword still swaying from the impetus
of the stroke and exclaimed with a challenging glare at those before
him (and belike an apprehensive glance over his shoulder), “Did I or
did I not untie that knot?”—whatever might—nay, must have been
the unspoken comment that passed from eye to eye, the answer
shouted in unison, was without a shadow of a doubt the Phrygian
equivalent of “You sure did!”
For the Great God Bunk (whose worshipers are born at the rate of
one a minute) is as old as the world itself; and since we have it on
good authority that the world is a stage, even though we do not
suspect him of a hand in its making, we know the old rogue assisted
at the first dress rehearsal famous for all time for the smallness of
the cast and the inexpensiveness of the costuming.
King Gordius, whose genius contrived the unpickable knot, is now
comfortably forgotten, while Alexander who destroyed what he could
not understand, still enjoys uneasy immortality; for what is
immortality at best but the suspended sentence of Oblivion?
And the knot? The hempen hieroglyph that was never solved.
When oblivion has overtaken Alexander and even the name of
Gordius is forgotten, the world, which is surprisingly young for its
age, will still babble wonderingly of the knot that never was and
never will be untied.
Another high priest of the Great God Bunk was Christopher
Columbus, and on how frail a foundation rests his immortal fame—
nothing more than the fragile, calcareous container, (and fractured
at that) of an unborn domestic fowl.
Unquestionably the fame of Columbus rests upon his impudent
pretense of balancing an egg by crushing it violently upon the table.
To be sure, Columbus also discovered America, but in that he was
only one of a multitude. At that moment in the world’s history the
discovering of America was, like golf, something between a sport
and an obsession, everybody was discovering America. So common
was it, that only a few of the discoverers are remembered by name,
and had it not been for his famous egg-balancing fraud the name of
Christopher Columbus would surely be among the forgotten ones.
To balance an egg on its apex—though not impossible, is a tedious
and dispiriting task; and even if Columbus had accomplished it
honestly without fracturing the shell, so far from adding to his
laurels he might have lost them altogether. Queen Isabella would
never have had the patience to sit through so long and boresome a
performance, and when the Queen leaves, you know the
performance is over.
Indeed, it is quite thinkable that it was the dread of just such an
ending to his audience and the resultant stage fright reacting upon
an excitable sea-faring nature that caused Columbus to break the
egg.
The question now asks itself: Has Christopher Columbus, posing
as a clever impostor when in reality only a stage-frightened bungler,
obtained his fame under false pretenses? In unmasking his
clandestine honesty do we but prove him the greater fraud? Bunk
only knows!
Queen Dido of Carthage, on the other hand, came by her
dishonesty quite honestly—she inherited it from her royal father’s
sister Jezebel.
Yes, Jezebel, the patron sinner of half a world of womankind, was
Queen Dido’s aunt. Good or bad, what was her Aunt Jezebel’s was
also Dido’s by right of inheritance. And none of all the prophets of
the Great God Bunk was greater than this prophetess.
Did she not for certain moneys receive the title to so much land as
might be compassed by the bigness of a bull’s hide.
She did.
Did she not then carve said bull’s hide into fine strips and
therewith enclose enough real estate for the foundation of the city of
Carthage?
She did.
 THE COST OF A PYRAMID

I
f you were suddenly asked, by way of a mental test, what
particular thing or person was most closely associated in your
mind with the word strong, you would probably say a giant or an ox
unless you had been listening to a sermon whose text was the
sixteenth chapter of Judges, thirtieth verse, in which case you would
be more likely to say Samson, but the typical example of physical
strength, would hardly be an Onion.
And yet the Onion, although, like the proverbial Prophet, it may be
without honor among its fellow vegetables, is regarded by at least
one human outsider as the giant and ox and Samson combined of
the vegetable world.
Whatever your gastronomic leanings may be, let you not be
tempted to think lightly of the Onion.
Though its name be unhallowed when it appears in vulgar consort
with Tripe, and its reek abhorrent in the habitations of the lowly,
though it be viewed with contempt as a poor relation by its kinsman
the lily, the Onion has a glorious past; it has a record of achievement
that is second to none; it was, as I shall presently show, chiefly due
to the strength of Onions that at least one of the great Egyptian
Pyramids owed its existence. Even Samson might envy the record of
the Onion!
. . . .
When I tell you that the Pyramids of Egypt, at any rate one of
them, was built by sheer vegetable strength, you may not believe
me, but perhaps you may believe the historian Herodotus.
Herodotus found engraved on one of the Pyramids a complete
record of the exact number of onions, radishes and leeks supplied
and consumed by the workmen who piled its monstrous stones one
upon the other.[1]
And how were the Pyramids erected? By some forgotten
mechanical farce? No.
According to the late Cope Whitehouse, Engineer and
Egyptologist, the Pyramids were built from the apex downward over
the conical hills that abound in the locality, the interior of the hill
being afterwards dug away to form chambers and galleries. All of
which was accomplished by the unaided physical power of human
muscles and sinews.
And whence came this power?
It was derived mainly from the vegetable energy of Onions, leeks
and radishes transmuted by the chemistry of digestion and
assimilation to the muscles and sinews of the slaves employed in
building the Pyramid.
Furthermore, Herodotus tells us that with the engraved record of
the onions, leeks and radishes consumed by the slaves, was also the
computation of their cost which amounted to 1,600 talents of silver,
this being the total cost of the vegetable fuel for operating the
human machinery employed in the construction of the Pyramid.
And now let me ask you—what it is, this thing we call Scent, this
mysterious emanation which is the Love Message of the Rose, the
Call of the Sea, the Strength of the Onion?
You don’t know? Neither do I, no more does anybody.
Of all the five recording faculties which we human creatures share
with other animals, the sense of Smell is the most elusive, the most
penetrating. It apprises us of impending peril when all our other
wires of sensation are “busy” or “out of order” and incapable of
giving us warning. It has the mysterious power of reproducing
through the “flash back” we call memory the forgotten records of all
of the other four sense-films, and yet the scientists who can tell us
all about light waves and sound waves, and even make pictures of
them, have very little to say about the movement of the invisible
bodies whose impact upon our consciousness produces the
sensation of smell.
The terrific scent-energy hurled forth from the seemingly
inexhaustible storage battery of an Onion or a Tuberose is more of a
mystery to our men of science than is the composition of the
crooked light waves from the planet Mars or the height of the flames
of the Corona, measured in a solar eclipse.
Even Dr. Einstein, to whom the movements of the heavenly bodies
are as simple as is a game of baseball to the average intellect,
cannot tell us whether the scent-atoms hurled from the Onion rush
forth in an impeccable tangent or are pitched in a hyperbolic curve.

[1] Herod.: 11, 125.

 WALTZING MICE AND DANCING
MEN

“On some men the Gods bestow Fortitude,

On others a disposition for Dancing.”

T
hus the poet Hesiod, three thousand years ago, scored with
vitriolic antithesis the Dancing man of his day⸺
And of all the days, for like the poor (and no less deplorable) the
Dancing man is always with us.
The gods had much to answer for in the days of Hesiod, and man
had much to put up with. Anything, good or evil, that befell him,
from the measles to melancholia—from fortitude to dancing—was a
gift of the gods, wished on him as a token of their high esteem, or
otherwise. All man had to do was to accept the gift, and, if it
chanced to be boils, as in the case of Job, he might be thankful it
was nothing worse.
Today we view a gift of the gods with distrust. Before giving
thanks we inspect it in the light of Science. We examine it (as a gift
horse) in the mouth. If it is a good gift, such as patience, or an
aptitude for cooking, we nurture and encourage it; if it is an
undesirable gift, like the measles, we eradicate it, or give it to
someone else as quickly as possible.
Without knowing it, Hesiod uttered a scientific truth.
That Fortitude and a Disposition to Dance are gifts of the gods is
just as true physiologically as it is poetically speaking.
 The Dancing man dances, the man of Fortitude faces a cannon—
or a musical comedy—because he is built that way. In other words,
his behavior is due to certain pathological structural conditions which
are inherited.
The behavior of the man of Fortitude is due to the poverty of
cerebral tissue in that part of the brain whose function it is to
stimulate the activity known as imagination. That is to say, he faces
the cannon without the least concern, because he can not imagine
what it will be like to have a cannon explode right in his face.
What then are the pathological conditions in the brain of the
Dancing man that cause him to dance? Unfortunately for the cause
of Science, the brain of the true Dancing man is almost as rare a
commodity as Radium. In the United States alone there is scarcely
more than a fraction of an ounce of this elusive gray tissue. To
procure even the minute quantity necessary for experimental
purposes would require the sacrifice of thousands of Dancing men.
This in these days of Antivivisection Hysteria, is out of the question.
Luckily for Science, there exists in the animal Kingdom another
creature afflicted with the same peculiar tendency to perpetual
rotation as the Dancing man.
It is but one alliterative step from the Dancing man to the Dancing
mouse.
The restlessness and almost incessant movement in circles and
the peculiar excitability of the Dancing mouse is attributed by
Rawitz, the famous physiologist, to the lack of certain senses which
compels the animal to strive through varied movements to use to
the greatest advantage those senses which it does possess.
Comparative physiologists have discovered that the ability of
animals to regulate the position of the body with respect to external
objects is dependent in a large measure upon the groups of sense
organs which collectively are called the ear.
To quote Rawitz again:
 The waltzing mouse has only one normal canal and that is the
anterior vertical. The horizontal and posterior vertical canals are
crippled and frequently they are grown together.
Panse, on the other hand, expresses his belief that there are
unusual structural conditions in the brain, perhaps in the cerebellum,
to which are due the dance movements.
When the doctors disagree what are we going to do about it?
For my part I am willing to leave it to Cicero—
“Nemo fere saltat sobrius, nisi forte insanit.”
 THE HOBGOBLIN

T
here is a Hobgoblin that stalks in the path of the athletic young
writers of the day and frightens them almost out of their wits.
The Hobgoblin is the third person singular, past tense, of the verb
“Say,” and his name is said.
The Hobgoblin said does not stalk alone; with him stalk his sisters
and his cousins and his aunts, indeed, all the said family except old
Gran’ma quoth. Old Gran’ma quoth, who is much too old to stalk,
stays at home and dreams of the good old days when she was a
verb of fashion, honored and courted by all the greatest writers of
the day.
And when her grandchildren come home in the evening and tell
how they frightened the athletic young writers almost out of their
wits, she nearly bursts her old-fashioned stays, laughing at the
drollery of it. “Egad!” she cries. “An’ I were an hundred years
younger, I’d like nought better than to take a hand myself, and lay
my stick about their backs, the young whippersnappers!”
And I for one, would like to see her do it.
How the said family ever became professional Hobgoblins, I can
not say. All I know is that, once a hardworking and highly respected
family, suddenly they found themselves shunned. There was nothing
left for them but to become hobgoblins. Now their only pleasure in life
is to see what funny antics they can make the athletic young writers
perform in trying to escape from them.
And funny they certainly are.
Here are a few specimens from some of our leading “best sellers”:
“To think I have fallen to that!” grated Gilstar with clenched teeth.
 “I get rather a good price,” Gilstar dared.
“I’ll give you twenty-five dollars,” he offered wildly.
“What are your terms?” he clucked.
But why bother about “best sellers,” when you can make almost as
funny ones at home? Here is a home-brewed one:

“Where are you going to, my pretty maid?”

“I’m going to the Doctor’s, to ask his aid,
I caught a cold when I slept in the loft,”
“Sir,” she coughed,
“Sir,” she coughed,
“I’m going to the Doctor’s sir,” she coughed.

“May I go with you, my pretty maid?”

“Oh, yes, indeed, if you’re not afraid
Of catching my cold, I shall be pleased,”
“Sir,” she sneezed,
“Sir,” she sneezed,
“Oh, yes, if you please, kind sir,” she sneezed.

“Of catching your cold I have no fear,

For I’ll take no chances, my pretty dear!”
At this the maiden was sorely ruffled,
“Sir?” she snuffled,
“Sir?” she snuffled,
“What do you mean, kind sir,” she snuffled.

“I mean I won’t kiss you, my pretty maid!”

“Nobody asked you, my smart young Blade!”
In her pocket-handkerchief, large and new,
“Sir!” she blew,
“Sir!” she blew,
“Nobody asked you, sir!” she blew.
THE VOICE OF THE PUSSY-WILLOW

O
n the first of May I took a day off and used the telephone. It is
best to take a day off if you want to get a number these times,
and the number asked for was Spring one, nine, two, two—yes,
Spring, Nineteen Twenty-Two. “There’s no such number,” said
Central; “what you want is Winter 1921.” I assured her that was the
last number in the world I desired, and after a wait of an hour or so
she gave me Blizzard 1888 on a busy wire, comparing notes with
Winter 1920, and I began to despair of ever getting my number.
I rang off and waited. I am a patient person, I waited a whole
hour to allow the wire to cool off. Then I called again and this time I
was rewarded by hearing at the other end of the wire a faint far-off,
fuzzy, mewing sound.
It was the voice of the Pussy-Willow!
It was Lawrence Sterne, wasn’t it? who wrote, “God tempers the
wind to the shorn lamb,” and it is quite a happy thought that the
gentle airs that succeed the blustering winds of March, are a
Providential concession to the tender nurslings of the April fields.
But the Pussy-Willow comes in February and early March and it
would be asking too much to expect Providence to temper the
wholesome and necessary rigors of these months for the sake of the
venturesome kittens of the Willow bough.
Who but Providence (or Mr. Hoover) could ever have thought of
the happy expedient of providing each and every Pussy-Willow, not
only in the United States but also in England, France, Belgium and
even Germany, with a warm fur overcoat!
And I verily believe that if the Pussy-Willows were lodged on the
cold wet ground instead of perched on the high and dry branches,
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