SCOPE OF ORGANIC

AGRICULTURE
UNIT3
 TERMS & TERMINOLOGIES
• Accreditation: Procedure by which an authoritative body gives a
formal recognition that a body or person is competent to carry out
specific tasks.
• Aquaculture: The managed production of aquatic plants and/or
animals in fresh, brackish or salt water in a circumscribed
environment.
• Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries Standards (BAFS): Is mandated
to develop and promote standards to ensure food safety, quality,
worker's health and welfare, environmental management, and global
competitiveness of Philippine agriculture and fishery products.
• Certification: The procedure by which a third party gives written
assurance that a clearly identified process has been methodically
assessed, such that adequate confidence is provided that specified
products conform to specified requirements.
TERMS & TERMINOLOGIES
• Crop Rotation: The practice of alternating the species or families of
annual and/or biennial crops grown on a specific field in a planned
pattern or sequence so as to break weed, pest and disease cycles
and to maintain or improve soil fertility and organic matter content.
• HACCP: Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point. A specific food
safety program to identify contamination risks and actions to
prevent exposure to such risks.
• Label: Any written, printed or graphic representation that is present
on a product, accompanies the product, or is displayed near the
product.
• Mariculture: the cultivation, management, and harvesting of
marine organisms in their natural environment (including estuarine,
brackish, coastal, and offshore waters) or in enclosures such as
pens, tanks, or channels.
TERMS & TERMINOLOGIES
• Parallel Production: simultaneous production, processing, or
handling of organic and non-organic (including transitional) crops,
livestock, and/or other agricultural products of the same or similar
(indistinguishable) varieties.
• Split Production: where only part of the farm or processing unit is
certified as organic. The remainder of the property can be (a) non-
organic, (b) in conversion, or (c) organic but not certified
Organic Crop Production
Choice of Crops and Varieties
• High-Quality Seeds and Planting Materials: Use seeds and
planting materials of certified organic quality when available
• Non-Organic Seeds: If certified organic seeds aren't
available, non-organic seeds can be used, provided they
haven't been treated with prohibited pesticides or inputs.
• Tissue Culture Seeds: Seeds and planting materials derived
from tissue culture are allowed for producing organic,
disease-free plants.
• Exceptions for Treated Seeds: Treated seeds can be used
only when required by government authorities, phytosanitary
regulations, or due to natural disasters (e.g., f loads, pest
outbreaks) that destroy the organic seed supply.
• Prohibition of GMOs: The use of genetically modified seeds
or transgenic plants is strictly prohibited.
Crop Rotations and Soil
Management Practices About

• Soil-Centered Organic Systems: Organic farming

focuses on soil health, promoting species diversity,
nutrient cycling, and minimizing soil and nutrient
losses.
• Tillage and Cultivation: The selection and use of tillage
and cultivation tools should improve or maintain soil's
physical and biological quality while minimizing
erosion.
• Conservation of High-Value Areas: Organic
management must avoid causing negative impacts in
recognized conservation and heritage areas such as
forests, wildlife protection zones, and watershed areas.
Fertilization Practices and About

Growth Regulators
Maintaining or Increasing Soil Fertility: Soil
fertility and biological activity should be
2023

enhanced through:
• Cultivation of legumes, green manures, or
deep rooting plants in multi-annual
rotation.
• Incorporation of organic material
• Use of by-products from animal
production
Pest, Disease, and Weed About

Management
Preventive Measures:
• Mechanical Control- the used of traps
• Physical Control- prinking of insects
• Use of Biological Controls - the use of predatory insect
(Trichogramma) and microbial agents (Bacillus
thuringiensis)
• Prohibition of Synthetic Pesticides: Synthetic pesticides,
including herbicides, fungicides, insecticides,
nematicides, and rodenticides, are strictly prohibited.
• Farm Equipment - Tools and equipment should be
dedicated to organic farming. If not exclusively used for
organic production, they must be thoroughly cleaned to
remove any residues of synthetic pesticides.
Soil and Water Conservation About

Soil Erosion Prevention: Measures must be taken

to prevent soil erosion and ensure water
conservation through proper management
practices.
Conservation Practices: These include grass
waterways, contour strips, diversion canals,
catch/filtration ponds, buffers, windbreaks, mulch,
and cover crops to prevent wind and water
erosion.
Water Conservation: Reasonable steps should be
taken to conserve water and avoid overuse or
depletion of water resources.
Organic Animal Production About

Animal Husbandry Management

Animal Environment Management: The environment must meet
the behavioral needs of the animals, ensuring:
• Sufficient free movement.
• Adequate fresh air and natural daylight.
• Protection from excessive sunlight, extreme temperatures,
rain, and wind.
• Adequate lying and resting areas, with natural bedding
materials for animals that require it.
• Free access to fresh water, proper feed, and pasture
• Animals that are about to give birth or have just given birth
should be separated and given necessary veterinary care.
• Sick, injured, or disabled animals should be isolated from
healthy ones as a biosecurity measure and receive veterinary
attention.
 Organic Animal Production About

Breeds and Breeding

Breeding Goals: Breeding should aim to maintain animal diversity,
with a focus on preserving and promoting indigenous or native
breeds.
Traits to Consider in Breeding:
• Reasonable productivity with low external input.
• Adaptability to local conditions.
• Longevity, good temperament, and health.
• Ability to provide good quality traits and products.
• Animals' ability to give birth with minimal veterinary assistance

Prohibited Breeding Techniques:

The following techniques are not allowed:
• Embryo transfer. Genetic engineering
• Treatments with reproductive hormones
• Semen sexing
Organic Animal Production About

Mutilations and Animal Identification

Prohibition of Mutilations: Mutilations are generally
prohibited, but exceptions are allowed in specific cases
to improve the welfare, health, hygiene, or safety of
animals.
These exceptions include:
• Castration
• Tail cutting of lambs
• Tail docking of pigs
• Beak trimming
• De-horning
• Nose and limb ringing for restraining
• Cutting of teeth.
Animal nutrition
Year 1: 50% non-organic feed, 50% organic feed.
About

Year 2: 30% non-organic feed, 70% organic feed.

Year 3: 10% non-organic feed, 90% organic feed.
Year 4 and onward: 100% organic feed.

The following ingredients/raw materials are not allowed in

organic feed formulation:
• Synthetic growth promoters or stimulants.
• Synthetic appetizers.
• Preservatives (except as processing aids)
• Artificial coloring agents.
• Urea and other synthetic nitrogen compounds.
• Slaughter waste and other deceased animal parts.
• Droppings, dung, or other manure
Organic Aquaculture About

Aquaculture is the cultivation of aquatic

organisms in controlled aquatic environments
for any commercial, recreational, or public
purpose.
-breeding, rearing, and harvesting of fish,
shellfish, algae, and other organisms in all types
of water environments.
Organic fish farming or Organic aquaculture is an
ecosystem-based management system, which was
developed as a potential substitute to address
environmental constraints faced by intensive
aquaculture.
Types of Organic Aquaculture About

Freshwater Aquaculture refers to raising

and breeding aquatic animals (fish,
shrimp, crab, shellfish, etc.) and plants for
economic purposes by the use of ponds,
reservoirs, lakes, rivers, and other
inland waterways (including brackish
water), which play an important role in
the aquaculture industry. Most of the
utilized species used in freshwater
aquaculture in the Philippines are Nile
Tilapia, Milkfish, carps, catfishes, and
freshwater prawn.
Types of Organic Aquaculture About

2. Brackish Aquaculture Brackish water

aquaculture is also called coastal
aquaculture. It is a rapidly expanding
farming activity in the overall fisheries
development. Milkfish – Most milkfish
species are produced in the western
Visayas, central Luzon, northwestern Luzon,
and western Mindanao.

Estuarine: Brackish but more on freshwater

Brackish: Brackish that is more on saltwater
Types of Organic Aquaculture About

3. Mariculture (Marine Aquaculture)

Cultivation, management, and harvesting
of marine organisms in their natural
environment
The Mariculture Park Program was
introduced by the Bureau of Fisheries and
Aquatic Resources (BFAR), the fisheries
arm of the Philippine government, for
efficient and regulated mariculture
operation, at the same time provide
employment and alternative livelihood to
the marginalized fisherfolks.
Benefits of Organic Aquaculture
About

• Organic aquaculture does not allow mangrove

deforestation for shrimp cultivation
• Organic aquaculture encourages polyculture
production system, promotes the use of
indigenous/endemic species under the extensive and
semi-intensive culture systems, reduces/minimizes
inputs of artificial ingredients, prohibits the use of
genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
• Organic aquaculture effectively protects the health of
consumers by reducing the overall exposure to harmful
chemicals and antibiotics.
Constraints of Organic Aquaculture
About

• Organic yields are significantly lower

• Converting conventional aquaculture to organic is a complex
multidimensional operation. The development of nutritionally
efficient diets using organic sources of ingredients is a
challenge.
• Longer culture periods, lack of local organic market posts,
contamination, lack of continuous fingerlings supply, lack of
awareness on the principles and standards, minimal support
from the local government, and high standards and
certification costs. (Negros Occidental)
Best food for Aquaculture:Aboutinsects, planktons, fishmeal,
detritus- bacteria, planktons, worms, insects, snails.

Philippine Aquaculture products: seaweeds, tilapia, shrimp,

carp, oyster, mussell

Method best for Aquaculture Farming

Closed System- where the water is being treated and used
for more multiple production cycle.
Examples of products of Aquaculture Farming: Oysters,
shrimps, clams, mussell.
Organic
processing and
Handling
Services 1

General Principle

Organic processing and handling provides consumers with

Services 2
nutritious, high-quality supplies of organic products, and
organic farmers with a market without compromise to the
organic integrity of their products.
Requirements:
7.1.1 Handlers and processors shall not co-mingle organic products with non-organic
products.
7.1.2 Handlers and processers shall ensure traceability in the organic processing and
handling chain.
7.1.3 All organic products shall be clearly identified as such and processed, stored
and transported in a
Services 1
way that prevents substitution by or contact with conventional
products through the entire process.
7.1.4 When non-organic products are prepared or stored in the preparation unit, the
operator shall inform the control body.
7.1.5 The handler or processor shall take all necessary measures to prevent organic
products from Services
being2 contaminated by pollutants and contaminants, including the
cleaning, decontamination, or if necessary, disinfection of facilities and equipment.
7.1.6 The handler or processor shall identify and minimize risks of environmental
pollution resulting from their activity.
7.1.7 Processors shall respect the principles of good manufacturing practices. This
shall include maintaining appropriate procedures based on identification of critical
processing steps.
INGREDIENTS
• Organic processed products are made from organic ingredients.

Requirements:

7.2.1 All ingredients used in an organic processed product shall be organically

Services 1
produced except for those additives and processing aids that appear in Appendix 4.

Services 2
Processing Methods
General Principle
Organic processing and handling provides the consumer with high quality supplies
of organic products without compromise to the integrity of the products and
protects the environment.
Requirements: Services 1
7.3.1 Techniques used to process organic products shall be biological, physical, and
mechanical in nature. Any additives, processing aids, or other material that reacts
chemically with organic products or modifies it must appear in Appendix 4 and shall be
used in accordance with noted restrictions.
7.3.2 Extraction Services
shall only
2 take place with water, ethanol, plant and animal oils, vinegar,
carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. These shall be of a quality appropriate for their purpose.
7.3.3 Substances and techniques shall not be used that:
a. reconstitute properties lost by the processing and storage of organic products;
b. conceal negligent processing;
c. or may otherwise be misleading as to the true nature of these products. Water may be
used for re-hydration or reconstitution.
7.3.4 Irradiation is not permitted for any ingredient or the final
product.
7.3.5 Filtration equipment shall not contain asbestos or utilize
techniques or substances that may contaminate the product.
Filtration agents and adjuvants are considered processing
aids and therefore must appear in Appendix 4.
7.3.6 The following
Services 1 conditions of storage are permitted (for
allowed substances in these conditions, see Appendix 4):
a. controlled atmosphere;
b. temperature control;
c. drying;
d. humidity regulation.
Services 2

7.3.7 Intentional manufacture or use of nanomaterials in

organic products is prohibited.
7.3.8 Equipment surfaces and utensils that might come into
contact with organic products shall be free of nanomaterials,
unless there is verified absence of contamination risk.
Labeling
General Principle
Organic products are clearly and accurately labeled as organic.
Requirements:
8.1.1. Products produced in accordance with this standard may be labeled as organic.
8.1.2 Labels must identify
Services 1 the following:
a. the person or company legally responsible for the product
b. the body that assures conformity to the applicable organic standard.
8.1.3 Processed products shall be labeled according to the following minimum
requirements:
a. Where 95 to 100% of the ingredients (by weight) are organic, the product may be
Services 2

Labeled as “organic”.
b. Where less than 95% but not less than 70% of the ingredients (by weight) are
organic, these product cannot be labeled as “organic”, but phrases such as “made
with organic ingredients” can be used, provided the proportion of organic
ingredients is clearly stated.
Labeling
c. Where less than 70% of the ingredients (by weight) are organic, the product
cannot be labeled as “organic”, nor bear phrases such as “made with organic
ingredients” on the package front, nor bear any certification body seal, national
logo, or other identifying mark which represents organic certification of a product or
product ingredients, but individual ingredients may be called “organic” in the
Services 1
ingredients list.

Notes on calculating percentages:

Water and salt are not included in the percentage calculations of organic
ingredients. Services 2

8.1.4 All ingredients of a multi-ingredient product shall be listed on the product label
in order of their weight percentage. It shall be apparent which ingredients are of
organic certified origin and which are not. All additives shall be listed with their full
name. If herbs and/or spices constitute less than 2% of the total weight of the
product, they may be listed as “spices” or “herbs” without stating the percentage.
Wild Collection
Wild collection, also known as wild harvesting
or foraging, refers to the gathering of
naturally occurring plants, fungi, or other
products from their natural habitat rather
than from cultivated fields. In organic
agriculture, wild collection plays an important
role in sustainable resource use, biodiversity
conservation, and providing organic-certified
raw materials for food, medicine, and
cosmetic industries.
Principles of Wild Collection in Organic Agriculture
1. Sustainability & Ecosystem Protection
• Harvesting must be done in a way that ensures the regeneration of the
species.
• Collection areas should not be overexploited, and harvesting should leave
enough plants to reproduce naturally.
• Collection should not disturb the habitat or associated species.
2. Certification & Organic Standards
• Wild-collected products can be certified organic if they meet specific
standards such as those set by EU Organic Regulations, USDA Organic, or
IFOAM (International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements).
• The collection area must be free from prohibited chemicals (pesticides,
herbicides, synthetic fertilizers) for a defined period (usually 3 years).
• Collectors must keep records of the location, volume, and methods used for
harvesting.
3. Biodiversity Conservation
• Harvesting methods should promote the health of the ecosystem
and protect endangered species.
• Collectors must follow guidelines that prevent habitat
destruction, such as rotation of harvesting areas and respecting
growth cycles.
4. Ethical & FairTrade Considerations
• Wild collection often involves indigenous communities or local
harvesters. Ethical sourcing should ensure fair wages, safe
working conditions, and respect for traditional knowledge.
• Certification programs like Fair Wild integrate fair trade principles
with sustainability.
5. Traceability & Quality Control Wild-collected products must
be properly documented to ensure transparency in sourcing.
Quality control measures such as drying, processing, and
storage must follow organic certification guidelines.
Examples of Wild-Collected Organic Products
• Herbal & Medicinal Plants – e.g., chamomile, wild thyme,
licorice root.
• Mushrooms & Truffles – e.g., morels, porcini, chanterelles.
• Fruits & Berries – e.g., wild blueberries, acai, sea buckthorn.
• Resins & Gums – e.g., frankincense, myrrh.
• Seaweed & Algae – e.g., kelp, spirulina.
Special Food Products
WHAT IS SPECIAL FOODPRODUCT?
Special food products are often grown using
specific cultivation methods, and they may have
unique nutritional or health benefits as well as
distinct flavors, textures, or appearances that make
them desirable to consumers.
EXAMPLE OF SPECIAL
FOOD PRODUCTS IN
AGRICULTURE
Organic Produce
Organic produce contains fewer pesticides. Organic food is
often fresher Organic food is GMO-free. Organic farming tends
to be better for the environment.

Super Food
superfoods are foods that have a very high nutritional density. This means
that they provide a substantial amount of nutrients and very few calories.
They contain a high volume of minerals, vitamins, and antioxidants.
Example: berries (acia berries, blue berries, kale and auinoa and many
more
Heritage Grains
Heritage Grains are grains that were grown before
the introduction of intensive, scientific plant breeding
in the mid 1900s.They were developed over years of
selective seed saving and only growing the plants
that were healthy and productive.

Examples: wheat, oats, rice, millet....

Artisanal Cheese and Meats
Artisanal food encompasses breads, cheeses, fruit
preserves, cured meats, beverages, oils, and vinegars
that are made by hand using traditional methods by
skilled craft workers, known as food artisans.

Examples: aged cheddar, prosciutto, and salami.

Non - Food Products About

Organic agriculture extends beyond food production to include a variety of

non-food products that are produced sustainably and without synthetic
chemicals. These products align with eco-friendly practices and contribute
to a more sustainable environment.

Website Phone Number

Organic Fibers and Textiles About

Organic Cotton – Grown without synthetic pesticides or

genetically modified seeds, used in clothing, bedding, and
towels.
Organic Wool – Sourced from sheep raised on organic
pastures without synthetic hormones or chemical
Website Phone Number
treatments.
Hemp Fiber – A sustainable alternative used in textiles, ropes,
and biodegradable plastics.
Organic Silk – Produced using natural, non-toxic methods
without harming the environment.
Organic Personal Care and About

Cosmetics
Organic Soaps and Shampoos – Made with natural oils,
herbal extracts, and essential oils.
Organic Skincare Products – Includes creams, lotions,
and serums made from Website
plant-based ingredients.
Phone Number

Organic Essential Oils – Used in aromatherapy, massage,

and skincare.
Herbal Toothpaste – Free from fluoride and synthetic
additives
 Organic essential oil

Herbal toothpaste
Organic skin care

Organic soap and shampoo

Organic Herbal and Medicinal
About

Products
Organic Herbal Teas and Extracts – Used for medicinal
and wellness purposes.
Ayurvedic and Traditional Remedies – Based on
Website Phone Number
organic herbs and plants.
Homeopathic Medicines – Prepared using organic
plants and minerals.
 Ayurvedic and
Traditional Remedies

Organic herbal teas

and extract
Production of Organic Inputs About

Organic farming requires specialized inputs that comply with organic

standards to enhance soil fertility, plant health, and sustainability.

Organic Fertilizers
Compost – Decomposed organic matter, including kitchen waste
and farm residues.
Website Phone Number
Vermicompost – Nutrient-rich organic fertilizer produced by
earthworms.
Green Manure – Cover crops like clover and alfalfa that enrich the
soil.
Bone Meal & Fish Emulsion – Natural sources of phosphorus and
nitrogen.
Organic Pest About and Disease
Management

Neem Oil – A natural pesticide and fungicide.

Biological Control Agents – Beneficial insects
Website Phone Number

like ladybugs and parasitoid wasps.

Companion Planting – Growing plants
together to repel pests naturally.
Botanical Extracts – Garlic, chili, and other
plant-based sprays to deter pests.
Organic Soil Amendments About

Biochar – Enhances soil fertility and carbon

sequestration.
Rock Phosphate & Lime – Natural mineral sources
Website Phone Number

for soil health.

Seaweed Extracts – Rich in micronutrients and
growth stimulants.
Organic Animal Feed About

Non-GMO, Chemical-Free Feed – Ensuring

livestock are raised organically.
Legume-Based Feeds – Alfalfa, soybean
Website Phone Number

meal, and other organic protein sources.

Organic Mineral Supplements – Natural
sources of essential minerals for livestock.
THANK
YOU
Reference

PNS/BAFS 07:2016 Philippine National Standard for Agriculture

https://noap.da.gov.ph/brief-background-on-organic-agriculture/
https://www.ifoam.bio/news/organic-agriculture-act-amended-philippines