Grammar summary UNIT 6

PURPOSE so as to
so as to + infinitive w ithout to.
We use the following structures to express the purpose of I turn my email o ff for several hours a day so as to be able
doing something. to concentrate.
(In order) to The negative is so as n ot to.
(in order) to + infinitive. To alone is less formal than in I always keep my phone switched on so as n o t to miss a
order to. call.
We stopped the car to change a fiat tyre.
They put a guard at the entrance In o rd e r to prevent So as (not) to is always followed by an infinitive without to,
anyone from entering. no n a tte r what time is being referred to.
In o rd e r to prevent anyone from entering, they put a guard They moved to Manhattan so as to be closer to Melanie's
at the entrance. office.
I carry my laptop with me so as to m ake good use of the
The negative is in order not to. time on the train.
We hurried in o rd e r n o t to be late. Curing the conference, we'll have a day o ff in the middle
so (that) / in o rd e r (that) so as to a llo w everyone to see a bit of Venice.
so (that) / in order (that) + a statement. So that is less to avoid/prevent
formal than in order that, and is more commonly used. Avo;d and prevent are both used to indicate the purpose of
They are often used with auxiliary verbs such as can or an action taken to make something not happen.
(more formally) may.
Please keep your phone switched on so th a t we can We use to avoid to talk about an action we take so that
contact you if necessary. something else doesn’t happen.
The company paid for the party in o rd e r th a t everyone V/e took Flower Road to a void the traffic on George Street.
could attend. We use to p re v e n t... (from) + fng to talk about an action we
In informal English, we can omit that after so. take to stop a problem before it happens.
I always keep my phone switched on so I can be contacted The windows are closed to p re v e n t rain from damaging
easily. the floors.
Let me know when you're in town so we can meet up. fo r
Present tense verbs can be used after so (that) and in order We use for + noun to describe the purpose of an action or
(that) to refer to the future: thing.
Can you give this to Sheila now so th a t she has it at next Eric keeps these water bottles fo r em ergencies
week's meeting?
For also can be used to describe a purpose that includes
When you land in New York tomorrow, call Edward so he
someone else’s action.
doesn't w o rry about you.
We bought a phone fo r Liz to use when she visits.
When so (that) and in order (that) are used to talk about the
past, would and could are usually used before the verb.
We warned everyone about the virus so th a t their
computers w o u ld n 't be damaged.
He arrived in Moscow on a Friday in order that he could
have the weekend to see the sights.
We gave him a microphone so that he'd be more audible in
the big hall.

Note that so that and in order that are often used with a new
subject.

In very formal English, we can use might.

They provided each worker with an electronic ID card
so th a t they m ig h t track their movements at work.

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ex ercises 6 w e have f to prevent
(a) ________________ fires
1 Complete the sentences with these expressions.
(b) --------------------------- a strict no-smoking policy.
for in order not in order to is for 7 th is / i s fo r
so as so that to avoid to prevent (a) ________________ door
(b) ________________ emergency use only.
1 I check email only twice a d a y __________________ 8 I/To
myself from wasting too much time dealing with it. (a)__________________ start work at seven o'clock.
2 Jaime saves time by starting work at 7.30 a.m. ( 4 ________________ avoid rush hour traffic.
_________________ the morning rush hour.
3 I’m trying to gel more organized__________________ 4 Choose the correct options to complete the sentences.
work more efficiently. 1 The road was closed for about six hours so that / so as
4 I'd like to meet you next w eek__________________we to they could repair it.
can discuss our deadlines. 2 I usually take the stairs to avoid / prevent the crowded iilt.
5 We decided to extend the deadline 3 Could you leave your phone number so that Mr Jones
to take the pressure off the team. can / will call you back?
6 This notebook__________________ recording the 4 I'm trying to be very quiet so as not / in order to disturb
names of the people who attend the workshop. Kevin's meeting in the next office.
7 The time management software I use 5 I'd like to meet Elsa to / for find out what her plans are.
work has helped me a lot. 6 In order that / In order to we can seat everyone, we've
8 __________________ to waste time on social rented two extra tables and some chairs.
networking, I never use social media when I'm at work. 7 I left the garage unlocked for / so Ollle to put the car away.
2 Match the tw o parts of the sentences. 8 Ring the beil when you arrive so Davina would know /
knows you’re there.
1 Please let me know your schedule so that
2 This meeting room is for 5 Join the two sentences using the expression o f purpose
in brackets.
3 Please be on time so as not to
4 To keep the meeting brief. 1 They didn't want to miss the flight. They set off for the
5 Please turn off your phone in order to airport early, (so as not to)
6 Order your lunch before the session to avoid 2 More scholarships have been offered. More people will
a marketing department meetings only, study engineering, (in order that)
b please stay on topic, 3 I gave him my mobile number. He can text me. (so that)
c we can plan the meeting, 4 Smokers block the entrance. We put up ‘no smoking'
d wasting time during the break, signs, (prevent)
5 I'm distracted by the noise of people around me. I wear
e minimize interruptions,
f delay the start of the meeting. headphones at work, (avoid)
6 I don't usually drink coffee but I keep some In the house.
3 Choose the best position (a or b) for the words in bold. Visitors drink it. (for)
1 I / in o rde r to 6 Correct the mistake in each sentence.
(a) _______________ work more efficiently
(b) _______________ answer email only twice a day.
1 I went to the library in order find some peace and quiet.
2 Mike / so th a t he
2 i set my alarm for six so as I would be on time for work
(a) _______________ works late on Friday nights
(b) _______________ can take the weekend off.
3 We / so as n ot to disturb 3 Lei’s lake a different route so avoid the road works.
(a) _______________ other customers,
4 You should lock your bike to prevent thieves from steal it.
(b) ._______________ would kindly request that you
switch off your mobile.
4 I / in order n ot to 5 l wear these clothes for run

(a) _______________ forget appointments

6 In order to not to lose them. I always put my keys In the
(b) _______________ set an alarm on my phone.
5 Dean and Lola are / to avoid same place at home.
(a) ________________practising their presentation
(b) ------------------------ making any big mistakes when
they give it tomorrow.