Selina Solutions For Class 10 Maths Unit 2 – Algebra

Chapter 11: Geometric Progression

Exercise 11(A) Page No: 152

1. Find which of the following sequence form a G.P.:
(i) 8, 24, 72, 216, ………
(ii) 1/8, 1/24, 1/72, 1/216, ………
(iii) 9, 12, 16, 24, ………
Solution:

(i) Given sequence: 8, 24, 72, 216, ………

Since,
24/8 = 3, 72/24 = 3, 216/72 = 3
⇒ 24/8 = 72/24 = 216/72 = ……….. = 3
Therefore 8, 24, 72, 216, ……… is a G.P. with a common ratio 3.

(ii) Given sequence: 1/8, 1/24, 1/72, 1/216, ………

Since,
(1/24)/ (1/8) = 1/3, (1/72)/ (1/24) = 1/3, (1/216)/ (1/72) = 1/3
⇒ (1/24)/ (1/8) = (1/72)/ (1/24) = (1/216)/ (1/72) = ……….. = 1/3
Therefore 1/8, 1/24, 1/72, 1/216, ……… is a G.P. with a common ratio 1/3.

(iii) Given sequence: 9, 12, 16, 24, ………

Since,
12/9 = 4/3; 16/12 = 4/3; 24/16 = 3/2
12/9 = 16/12 ≠ 24/16
Therefore, 9, 12, 16, 24 …… is not a G.P.

2. Find the 9th term of the series: 1, 4, 16, 64, …..

Solution:

It’s seen that, the first term is (a) = 1

And, common ratio(r) = 4/1 = 4
We know that, the general term is
tn = arn – 1
Thus,
t9 = (1)(4)9 – 1 = 48 = 65536

3. Find the seventh term of the G.P: 1, √3, 3, 3 √3, …..

Solution:

It’s seen that, the first term is (a) = 1

And, common ratio(r) = √3/1 = √3
We know that, the general term is
tn = arn – 1
Thus,
t7 = (1)(√3)7 – 1 = (√3)6 = 27
 Selina Solutions For Class 10 Maths Unit 2 – Algebra
Chapter 11: Geometric Progression
4. Find the 8th term of the sequence:

Solution:

The given sequence can be rewritten as,

3/4, 3/2, 3, …..
It’s seen that, the first term is (a) = 3/4
And, common ratio(r) = (3/2)/ (3/4) = 2
We know that, the general term is
tn = arn – 1
Thus,
t8 = (3/4)(2)8 – 1 = (3/4)(2)7 = 3 x 25 = 3 x 32 = 96

5. Find the 10th term of the G.P. :

Solution:

The given sequence can be rewritten as,

12, 4, 4/3, …..
It’s seen that, the first term is (a) = 12
And, common ratio(r) = (4)/ (12) = 1/3
We know that, the general term is
tn = arn – 1
Thus,
t10 = (12)(1/3)10 – 1 = (12)(1/3)9 = 12 x 1/(19683) = 4/ 6561

6. Find the nth term of the series:

1, 2, 4, 8, ……..
Solution:

It’s seen that, the first term is (a) = 1

And, common ratio(r) = 2/ 1 = 2
We know that, the general term is
tn = arn – 1
Thus,
tn = (1)(2)n – 1 = 2n - 1
 Selina Solutions For Class 10 Maths Unit 2 – Algebra
Chapter 11: Geometric Progression

Exercise 11(B) Page No: 154

1. Which term of the G.P. :

Solution:

In the given G.P.

First term, a = -10
Common ratio, r = (5/√3)/ (-10) = 1/(-2√3)
We know that, the general term is
tn = arn – 1
So,
tn = (-10)( 1/(-2√3))n – 1 = -5/72

Now, equating the exponents we have

n–1=4
n=5
Thus, the 5th of the given G.P. is -5/72

2. The fifth term of a G.P. is 81 and its second term is 24. Find the geometric progression.
Solution:

Given,
t5 = 81 and t2 = 24
We know that, the general term is
tn = arn – 1
So,
t5 = ar5 – 1 = ar4 = 81 …. (1)
And,
t2 = ar2 – 1 = ar1 = 24 …. (2)
Dividing (1) by (2), we have
ar4/ ar = 81/ 24
r3 = 27/ 8
r = 3/2
Using r in (2), we get
 Selina Solutions For Class 10 Maths Unit 2 – Algebra
Chapter 11: Geometric Progression
a(3/2) = 24
a = 16
Hence, the G.P. is
G.P. = a, ar, ar2, ar3……
= 16, 16 x (3/2), 16 x (3/2)2, 16 x (3/2)3
= 16, 24, 36, 54, ……

3. Fourth and seventh terms of a G.P. are 1/18 and -1/486 respectively. Find the G.P.
Solution:

Given,
t4 = 1/18 and t7 = -1/486
We know that, the general term is
tn = arn – 1
So,
t4 = ar4 – 1 = ar3 = 1/18 …. (1)
And,
t7 = ar7 – 1 = ar6 = -1/486 …. (2)
Dividing (2) by (1), we have
ar6/ ar3 = (-1/486)/ (1/18)
r3 = -1/27
r = -1/3
Using r in (1), we get
a(-1/3)3 = 1/18
a = -27/ 18 = -3/2
Hence, the G.P. is
G.P. = a, ar, ar2, ar3……
= -3/2, -3/2(-1/3), -3/2(-1/3)2, -3/2(-1/3)3, ……
= -3/2, 1/2, -1/6, 1/18, …..

4. If the first and the third terms of a G.P are 2 and 8 respectively, find its second term.
Solution:

Given,
t1 = 2 and t3 = 8
We know that, the general term is
tn = arn – 1
So,
t1 = ar1 – 1 = a = 2 …. (1)
And,
t3 = ar3 – 1 = ar2 = 8 …. (2)
Dividing (2) by (1), we have
ar2/ a = 8/ 2
r2 = 4
r=±2
Hence, the 2nd term of the G.P. is
 Selina Solutions For Class 10 Maths Unit 2 – Algebra
Chapter 11: Geometric Progression
When a = 2 and r = 2 is 2(2) = 4
Or when a = 2 and r = -2 is 2(-2) = -4

5. The product of 3rd and 8th terms of a G.P. is 243. If its 4th term is 3, find its 7th term
Solution:

Given,
Product of 3rd and 8th terms of a G.P. is 243
The general term of a G.P. with first term a and common ratio r is given by,
tn = arn – 1
So,
t3 x t8 = ar3 – 1 x ar8 – 1 = ar2 x ar7 = a2r9 = 243
Also given,
t4 = ar4 – 1 = ar3 = 3
Now,
a2r9 = (ar3) ar6 = 243
Substituting the value of ar3in the above equation, we get,
(3) ar6 = 243
ar6 = 81
ar7 – 1 = 81 = t7
Thus, the 7th term of the G.P is 81.
 Selina Solutions For Class 10 Maths Unit 2 – Algebra
Chapter 11: Geometric Progression

Exercise 11(C) Page No: 156

1. Find the seventh term from the end of the series: √2, 2, 2√2, …… , 32
Solution:

Given series: √2, 2, 2√2, …… , 32

Here,
a = √2
r = 2/ √2 = √2
And, the last term (l) = 32
l = tn = arn – 1 = 32
(√2)( √2)n – 1 = 32
(√2)n = 32
(√2)n = (2)5 = (√2)10
Equating the exponents, we have
n = 10
So, the 7th term from the end is (10 – 7 + 1)th term.
i.e. 4th term of the G.P
Hence,
t4 = (√2)(√2)4 – 1 = (√2)(√2)3 = (√2) x 2√2 = 4

2. Find the third term from the end of the G.P.

2/27, 2/9, 2/3, ……., 162
Solution:

Given series: 2/27, 2/9, 2/3, ……., 162

Here,
a = 2/27
r = (2/9) / (2/27)
r=3
And, the last term (l) = 162
l = tn = arn – 1 = 162
(2/27) (3)n - 1 = 162
(3)n - 1 = 162 x (27/2)
(3)n - 1 = 2187
(3)n - 1 = (3)7
n-1=7
n = 7+1
n=8
So, the third term from the end is (8 - 3 + 1)th term
i.e 6th term of the G.P. = t6
Hence,
t6 = ar6-1
t6 = (2/27) (3)6-1
t6 = (2/27) (3)5
t 6 = 2 x 32
 Selina Solutions For Class 10 Maths Unit 2 – Algebra
Chapter 11: Geometric Progression
t6 = 18

3. Find the G.P. 1/27, 1/9, 1/3, ……, 81; find the product of fourth term from the beginning and
the fourth term from the end.
Solution:

Given G.P. 1/27, 1/9, 1/3, ……, 81

Here, a = 1/27, common ratio (r) = (1/9)/ (1/27) = 3 and l = 81
We know that,
l = tn = arn – 1 = 81
(1/27)(3)n – 1 = 81
3n – 1 = 81 x 27 = 2187
3n – 1 = 37
n–1=7
n=8
Hence, there are 8 terms in the given G.P.
Now,
4th term from the beginning is t4 and the 4th term from the end is (8 – 4 + 1) = 5th term (t5)
Thus,
the product of t4 and t5 = ar4 – 1 x ar5 – 1 = ar3 x ar4 = a2r7 = (1/27)2(3)7 = 3

4. If for a G.P., pth, qth and rth terms are a, b and c respectively; prove that:
(q - r) log a + (r - p) log b + (p - q) log c = 0
Solution:

Let’s take the first term of the G.P. be A and its common ratio be R.
Then,
pth term = a ⇒ ARp – 1 = a
qth term = b ⇒ ARq – 1 = b
rth term = c ⇒ ARr – 1 = c
Now,

On taking log on both the sides, we get

log( aq-r x br-p x cp-q ) = log 1
⇒ (q - r)log a + (r - p)log b + (p - q)log c = 0
- Hence Proved
 Selina Solutions For Class 10 Maths Unit 2 – Algebra
Chapter 11: Geometric Progression

Exercise 11(D) Page No: 156

1. Find the sum of G.P.:
(i) 1 + 3 + 9 + 27 + ………. to 12 terms
(ii) 0.3 + 0.03 + 0.003 + 0.0003 +….. to 8 terms.
(iii) 1 – 1/2 + 1/4 – 1/8 + …….. to 9 terms
(iv) 1 - 1/3 + 1/32 – 1/33 + ……… to n terms

(v)

(vi)
Solution:

(i) Given G.P: 1 + 3 + 9 + 27 + ………. to 12 terms

Here,
a = 1 and r = 3/1 = 3 (r > 1)
Number of terms, n = 12
Hence,
Sn = a(rn - 1)/ r – 1
⇒ S12 = (1)((3)12 - 1)/ 3 – 1
= (312 – 1)/ 2
= (531441 – 1)/ 2
= 531440/2
= 265720

(ii) Given G.P: 0.3 + 0.03 + 0.003 + 0.0003 +….. to 8 terms

Here,
a = 0.3 and r = 0.03/0.3 = 0.1 (r < 1)
Number of terms, n = 8
Hence,
Sn = a(1 - rn )/ 1 - r
⇒ S8 = (0.3)(1 - 0.18 )/ (1 – 0.1)
= 0.3(1 – 0.18)/ 0.9
= (1 – 0.18)/ 3
= 1/3(1 – (1/10)8)

(iii) Given G.P: 1 – 1/2 + 1/4 – 1/8 + …….. to 9 terms

Here,
a = 1 and r = (-1/2)/ 1 = -1/2 (| r | < 1)
Number of terms, n = 9
Hence,
Sn = a(1 - rn )/ 1 - r
⇒ S9 = (1)(1 - (-1/2)9 )/ (1 – (-1/2))
= (1 + (1/2)9)/ (3/2)
= 2/3 x ( 1 + 1/512 )
 Selina Solutions For Class 10 Maths Unit 2 – Algebra
Chapter 11: Geometric Progression
= 2/3 x (513/512)
= 171/ 256

(iv) Given G.P: 1 - 1/3 + 1/32 – 1/33 + ……… to n terms

Here,
a = 1 and r = (-1/3)/ 1 = -1/3 (| r | < 1)
Number of terms is n
Hence,
Sn = a(1 - rn )/ 1 - r

(v) Given G.P:

Here,
a = (x + y)/ (x – y) and r = 1/[(x + y)/ (x – y)] = (x - y)/ (x + y) (| r | < 1)
Number of terms = n
Hence,
Sn = a(1 - rn )/ 1 - r
 Selina Solutions For Class 10 Maths Unit 2 – Algebra
Chapter 11: Geometric Progression

(vi) Given G.P:

Here,
a = √3 and r = 1/√3/ √3 = 1/3 (| r | < 1)
Number of terms = n
Hence,
Sn = a(1 - rn )/ 1 - r

2. How many terms of the geometric progression 1 + 4 + 16 + 64 + …….. must be added to get sum
equal to 5461?
Solution:

Given G.P: 1 + 4 + 16 + 64 + ……..

Here,
a = 1 and r = 4/1 = 4 (r > 1)
And,
 Selina Solutions For Class 10 Maths Unit 2 – Algebra
Chapter 11: Geometric Progression
Sn = 5461
We know that,
Sn = a(rn - 1)/ r – 1
⇒ Sn = (1)((4)n - 1)/ 4 – 1
= (4n – 1)/3
5461 = (4n – 1)/3
16383 = 4n – 1
4n = 16384
4n = 47
n=7
Therefore, 7 terms of the G.P must be added to get a sum of 5461.

3. The first term of a G.P. is 27 and its 8th term is 1/81. Find the sum of its first 10 terms.
Solution:

Given,
First term (a) of a G.P = 27
And, 8th term = t8 = ar8 - 1 = 1/81
(27)r7 = 1/81
r7 = 1/(81 x 27)
r7 = (1/3)7
r = 1/3 (r <1)
n
Sn = a(1 - r )/ 1 - r
Now,
Sum of first 10 terms = S10

4. A boy spends Rs.10 on first day, Rs.20 on second day, Rs.40 on third day and so on. Find how
much, in all, will he spend in 12 days?
Solution:

Given,
Amount spent on 1st day = Rs 10
Amount spent on 2nd day = Rs 20
And amount spent on 3rd day = Rs 40
It’s seen that,
10, 20, 40, …… forms a G.P with first term, a = 10 and common ratio, r = 20/10 = 2 (r > 1)
The number of days, n = 12
Hence, the sum of money spend in 12 days is the sum of 12 terms of the G.P.
 Selina Solutions For Class 10 Maths Unit 2 – Algebra
Chapter 11: Geometric Progression
Sn = a(rn - 1)/ r – 1
S12 = (10)(212 - 1)/ 2 – 1 = 10 (212 - 1) = 10 (4096 - 1) = 10 x 4095 = 40950
Therefore, the amount spent by him in 12 days is Rs 40950

5. The 4th term and the 7th term of a G.P. are 1/27 and 1/729 respectively. Find the sum of n terms
of the G.P.
Solution:

Given,
t4 = 1/27 and t7 = 1/729
We know that,
tn = arn – 1
So,
t4 = ar4 – 1 = ar3 = 1/27 …. (1)
t7 = ar7 – 1 = ar6 = 1/729 …. (2)
Dividing (2) by (1) we get,
ar6/ ar3 = (1/729)/ (1/27)
r3 = (1/3)3
r = 1/3 (r < 1)
In (1)
a x 1/27 = 1/27
a=1
Hence,
Sn = a(1 - rn)/ 1 - r
Sn = (1 – (1/3)n )/ 1 – (1/3)
= (1 – (1/3)n )/ (2/3)
= 3/2 (1 – (1/3)n )

6. A geometric progression has common ratio = 3 and last term = 486. If the sum of its terms is
728; find its first term.
Solution:

Given,
For a G.P.,
r = 3, l = 486 and Sn = 728

1458 – a = 728 x 2 = 1456

Thus, a = 2

7. Find the sum of G.P.: 3, 6, 12, …., 1536.

 Selina Solutions For Class 10 Maths Unit 2 – Algebra
Chapter 11: Geometric Progression
Solution:

Given G.P: 3, 6, 12, …., 1536

Here,
a = 3, l = 1536 and r = 6/3 = 2
So,
The sum of terms = (lr – a)/ (r - 1)
= (1536 x 2 – 3)/ (2 - 1)
= 3072 – 3
= 3069

8. How many terms of the series 2 + 6 + 18 + ….. must be taken to make the sum equal to 728?
Solution:

Given G.P: 2 + 6 + 18 + …..

Here,
a = 2 and r = 6/2 = 3
Also given,
Sn = 728
Sn = a(rn - 1)/ r – 1
728 = (2)(3n - 1)/ 3 – 1 = 3n – 1
729 = 3n
36 = 3n
n=6
Therefore, 6 terms must be taken to make the sum equal to 728.

9. In a G.P., the ratio between the sum of first three terms and that of the first six terms is 125:
152.
Find its common ratio.
Solution:

Given,
 Selina Solutions For Class 10 Maths Unit 2 – Algebra
Chapter 11: Geometric Progression

Therefore, the common ratio is 3/5.