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Language and Media A Resource Book for Students 2nd
Edition Rodney H Jones Digital Instant Download
Author(s): Rodney H Jones, Sylvia Jaworska, Erhan Aslan
ISBN(s): 9781138644410, 1138644412
Edition: 2
File Details: PDF, 13.96 MB
Year: 2021
Language: english
‘Language and Media is an invaluable resource for anyone interested in learning more
about media discourse. It provides a clear foundation in relevant theoretical concepts,
balanced with plenty of engaging examples. In addition, the sections featuring exten-
sion activities and key readings make this an ideal course textbook.’
Camilla Vasquez, University of South Florida

‘This book is a key volume for the new media age: updating, assessing, and expanding
our understanding of media and the many ways language and communication dy-
namics operate across a changed and changing mediascape. The authors characterize
native online media features such as memes, viral spreads, surveillance capacities, and
resistance; as well as resituate longstanding elements of media research such as stories,
participation frameworks, production dimensions, and representation. It is definitely
the go-to resource for understanding the media now.’
Colleen Cotter, Queen Mary University of London
LANGUAGE AND MEDIA

Routledge English Language Introductions cover core areas of language study and are
one-stop resources for students.
Assuming no prior knowledge, books in the series offer an accessible overview
of the subject, with activities, study questions, sample analyses, commentaries, and
key readings—all in the same volume. The innovative and flexible ‘two-dimensional’
structure is built around four sections—introduction, development, exploration, and
extension—which offer self-contained stages for study. Each topic can also be read
across these sections, enabling the reader to build gradually on the knowledge gained.
This second edition of Language and Media:
❑ Provides an accessible introduction and comprehensive overview of the major
approaches and methodological tools used in the study of language and media.
❑ Focuses on a broad range of media and media content from more traditional print
and broadcast media formats to more recent digital media formats.
❑ Incorporates practical examples using real data, including newspaper articles,
press releases, television shows, advertisements (print, broadcast, and digital),
blogs, social media content, internet memes, culture jamming, and protest signs.
❑ Includes key readings from leading scholars in the field, such as Jan Blommaert,
Sonia Livingstone, David Machin, Martin Montgomery, Ruth Page, Ron Scollon,
and Theo van Leeuwen.
❑ Offers a wide range of activities, questions, and points for further discussion.

This book emphasizes the increasingly creative ways ordinary people are engaging
in media production. It also addresses a number of urgent current concerns around
media and media production/reception, including fake news, clickbait, virality, and
surveillance.
Written by three experienced teachers and authors, this accessible textbook is an
essential resource for all students of English language and linguistics.

Rodney H. Jones is Professor of Sociolinguistics, University of Reading, UK.

Sylvia Jaworska is Associate Professor of Language and Professional Communication,

University of Reading, UK.

Erhan Aslan is Lecturer in Applied Linguistics, University of Reading, UK.

ROUTLEDGE ENGLISH LANGUAGE INTRODUCTIONS

S E R I E S C O N S U LT A N T: P E T E R S T O C K W E L L
Peter Stockwell is Professor of Literary Linguistics in the School of English at the
University of Nottingham, UK, where his interests include sociolinguistics, stylistics
and cognitive poetics. His recent publications include The Cambridge Handbook of
Stylistics (2014), Cognitive Grammar in Literature (2014) and The Language and
Literature Reader (2008).

F OU N D I N G E D ITO R : RO N A L D C A RT E R
Ronald Carter (1947–2018) was Research Professor of Modern English Language in
the School of English at the University of Nottingham, UK. He was the co-founder
of the Routledge Applied Linguistics, Routledge Introductions to Applied Linguistics
and Routledge Applied Corpus Linguistics series.
TITLES IN THE SERIES:

Child Language
Jean Stilwell Peccei

Sociolinguistics
Peter Stockwell

Researching English Language

Alison Sealey

Stylistics, Second Edition

Paul Simpson

Global Englishes, Third Edition

(previously published as World Englishes)
Jennifer Jenkins

Pragmatics, Third Edition

(previously published as Pragmatics and Discourse)
Joan Cutting

Introducing English Language, Second Edition

Louise Mullany and Peter Stockwell

Language and Law

Alan Durant and Janny HC Leung

English Grammar, Second Edition

Roger Berry

Language and Power, Second Edition

Paul Simpson, Andrea Mayr and Simon Statham

Discourse Analysis, Second Edition

Rodney Jones

Practical English Phonetics and Phonology, Fourth Edition

Beverley Collins, Inger M. Mees and Paul Carley

History of English, Second Edition

Dan McIntyre

Language and Media, Second Edition

Rodney H. Jones, Sylvia Jaworska, and Erhan Aslan

For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge.com/series/RELI

LANGUAGE AND MEDIA A
B
A Resource Book for Students

C
Second Edition

D
RODNEY H. JONES, SYLVIA JAWORSKA,
AND ERHAN ASLAN
Second edition published 2021
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN

and by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

© 2021 Rodney H. Jones, Sylvia Jaworska, and Erhan Aslan

The right of Rodney H. Jones, Sylvia Jaworska, and Erhan Aslan to be identified as authors of this work has
been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any
electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and
recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used
only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

First edition published by Routledge 2009

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Jones, Rodney H., author. | Jaworska, Sylwia, author. | Aslan, Erhan, author.
Title: Language and media: a resource book for students /
Rodney Jones, Sylvia Jaworska and Erhan Aslan.
Description: 2nd edition. | Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2020. |
Series: Routledge English language introductions |
Revised edition of: Language and media: a resource book for students /
Alan Durant and Marina Lambrou. 2009. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020013891 (print) | LCCN 2020013892 (ebook) |
ISBN 9781138644397 (hardback) | ISBN 9781138644410 (paperback) |
ISBN 9781003084211 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Mass media and language. | English language—Discourse analysis. |
Discourse analysis.
Classification: LCC P96.L34 J66 2020 (print) | LCC P96.L34 (ebook) |
DDC 302.2301/4—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020013891
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020013892

ISBN: 978-1-138-64439-7 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-1-138-64441-0 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-08421-1 (ebk)

Typeset in Minion Pro

by codeMantra

Visit the companion website: https://routledgetextbooks.com/textbooks/reli/

HOW TO USE THIS BOOK

The Routledge English Language Introductions are ‘flexi-texts’ that you can use to suit
your own style of study. The books are divided into four sections:

A Introduction—sets out the key concepts for the area of study. The units of this sec-
tion take you through the foundational concepts, providing you with an initial toolkit
for your own study. By the end of the section, you will have a good overview of the
whole field.

B Development—adds to your knowledge and builds on the key ideas already intro-
duced. Units in this section also introduce key analytical tools and techniques. By the
end of this section, you will already have a good and fairly detailed grasp of the field,
and will be ready to undertake your own exploration and thinking.

C Exploration—provides examples of language data and guides you through your

own investigation of the topic or area. The units in this section will be more open-
ended and exploratory, and you will be encouraged to try out your ideas and think for
yourself, using your newly acquired knowledge.

D Extension—offers you the chance to compare your expertise with key readings in
the area. These are taken from the work of important writers, and are provided with
guidance and questions for your further thought.
You can read this book like a traditional textbook, ‘vertically’ straight through from
beginning to end. So, you would establish a broad sense of the key ideas by reading
through section A and deepen your knowledge by reading section B. Section C would
then present you with one or more Activities to test out different aspects of your broad
knowledge. Finally, having gained a good level of competence, you can read the sec-
tion D extracts from books and scholarly articles about language and media. However,
the Routledge English Language Introductions have been designed so that you can read
them in another dimension, ‘horizontally’ across the numbered units. For example,
units A1, B1, C1, and D1 constitute a strand, then developing your knowledge, then
testing out and exploring some key ideas, and finally offering you a key case study to
read. The strand across A2, B2, C2, D2, and the other strands 3, 4, 5, and so on, all
work in the same way. Reading across the strands will take you rapidly from the key
concepts of a specific topic to a level of expertise in that precise topic, all with a very
close focus. You can match your way of reading with the best way that you work. The
glossarial index at the end will help to keep you orientated.
This book covers the vast field of the Language and Media. Strand 1 gives a general
introduction to media and mediation. Strands 2–4 provide tools that students can use
to analyze media texts in terms of their structure, style, and used a semiotic mode.
viii HOW TO USE THIS BOOK

Strands 5 and 6 focus on the production and use of media texts. Strands 7–9 deal more
with the psychological, social, and political dimensions of language and media.
Media are dynamic and rapidly changing and affect our lives in a variety of ways:
nearly every observation we have made about language and media in this book is likely
to change as new media or new ways of using old media develop. The real aim of this
book is to provide you with the basic background to be able to engage in debates about
language and media and to assemble a toolkit of analytical techniques that will help
you to understand the media you use in your everyday life and how they affect how
you talk, how you think, and how you interact with others. If you wish to know more
about the ways this topic fits into or relates to other approaches to the study of English,
other books in the RELI series such as Introducing English language: A resource book
for students by Louise Mullany and Peter Stockwell, Discourse analysis: A resource book
for students by Rodney H. Jones, and Language and power: A resource book for students
by Paul Simpson, Andrea Mayr, and Simon Statham.
The RELI books do not aim to replace your teacher or lecturer, but instead they offer
both student and expert a resource for you to adapt as you think most appropriate. You
will want to take issue with what is presented here, test out the assumptions, and—we
hope—feel motivated to read and explore further. There is always space for tutors to
mediate the material and for students to explore beyond the book.
CONTENTS

Contents cross-referenced xii

List of figures xv
List of tables xvii
Acknowledgements xix

A Introduction: key topics in

the study of language and media 1
1 Language and mediation 2
2 Media, modes, and materialities 8
3 Media, genre, and style 14
4 Media storytelling 21

B Development: approaches
to language and media 61

C Exploration: analyzing language and media 133

x C ontents

D Extension: readings in language and media 195

References 259

Glossarial index 277

Index 291
  C ontents 
CROSS-REFERENCED

I N T R O D UC T I O N D E V E LO P M E N T
A Key topics in the study of B Approaches to language
language and media and media

1 Language and mediation Language, mediation, and sites

of engagement
2
62

2 Media, modes, and materialities Making meaning with modes

and materialities
8 68

3 Media, genre, and style Analyzing genres and styles in media

14 77

4 Media storytelling Telling and retelling stories

21 84

5 Media and discourse processes Production formats and discourse

representation
28
91

6 Audiences, interaction, and participation Participation frameworks

34 99

7 Media and the attention economy Virality and memetics

41 107

8 Truth, lies, and propaganda Persuasive discourse and media rhetoric

48 115

9 Media, censorship, and resistance Censorship and semiotic democracy

55 123

References

Glossarial
index

Index
C ontents  CROSS-REFERENCED

E X P LO R AT I O N EXTENSION
C Analyzing language and media D Readings in language and media

Media uses and users Media, mediation, and mediated 1

discourse (Ruth Finnegan; Sonia
134
Livingstone; Ron Scollon)
196

Analyzing intersemiotic relations Global modes and future modes (David 2

Machin and Theo van Leeuwen; Astrid
140 Esslin)
202

Analyzing news stories and Media talk and media genres (Martin 3
media interviews Montgomery; Paola Catenaccio)
149 211

Analyzing narratives in the media Media storytelling and the shaping of 4

reality (Michael Toolan; Ruth Page)
157 216

Analyzing media production Media production (Colleen Cotter; Eva 5

Gredel)
162 222

Analyzing participation in media Participation frameworks and surveillant 5

media (Anne O’Keeffe; Rodney H. Jones)
169
228

Analyzing spreadable media Spreadability: from news language 7

to internet memes (Monika Bednarek
174
and Helen Caple; Piia Varis and Jan
Blommaert)
234

Detecting biased, fallacious, Political rhetoric and fake news 8

and fake news (Martin Montgomery; Johan Farkas and
179 Jannick Schou)
245

Offensive language & tactics Resistance and citizen journalism 9

of resistance (Paolo Peverini; Rodney H. Jones and
185 Neville C.H. Li)
252

References

Glossarial
index

Index
FIGURES

B5.1 An automatically generated post on Facebook 92

xvifigures

C2.1 HSBC advertisement 1 140

C2.2 HSBC advertisement 2 142
C2.3 Selfie 1 144
C2.4 Selfie 2 144
C2.5 Snapchat image 1 145
C2.6 Snapchat image 2 145
C2.7 Screenshot 1 147
C2.8 Screenshot 2 147
C2.9 Screenshot 3 147
C2.10 Screenshot 4 147
C3.1 Advertorial for Natural Findings Skin Cream 156
C5.1 Caesar salad 164
C5.2 Five pillars of Wikipedia 167
C6.1 ‘See it. Say it. Sorted.’ Poster 172
C7.1 Negativity theme in the Grumpy Cat Meme 175
C7.2 Image macro template 176
C9.1 Greenpeace subvert 1 188
C9.2 Greenpeace subvert 2 188
C9.3 Greenpeace subvert 3 189
C9.4 Protester at the 2017 Women’s March in Washington D.C. 190
C9.5 Anti-Trump Rally, London, July 2018 191
C9.6 Anti-Trump Rally, London, July 2018 191
C9.7 Anti-Trump Rally, London, July 2018 192
C9.8 Umbrella Movement, Hong Kong, September–December 2014 192
C9.9 Umbrella Movement, Hong Kong, September–December 2014 193
C9.10 Umbrella Movement, Hong Kong, September–December 2014 193
D2.1 Office space 204
D2.2 Freedom 206
D7.1 British wartime propaganda poster 238
D7.2 Keep calm and call Batman 239
D7.3 Keep calm and drink beer 240
D7.4 I can has cheezburger? 241
D7.5 President and a possible voter having cheezburger 241
D7.6 I has a dream 242
D7.7 Keep calm and remove the arrow from your knee 243
D7.8 Skyrim scene ‘Then I took an arrow in the knee’ 243
TABLES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Every effort has been made to trace copyright holders and to obtain their permission
for the use of copyright material. The publisher apologizes for any errors or omissions
in the above list and would be grateful if notified of any corrections that should be
incorporated in future reprints or editions of this book.
Discovering Diverse Content Through
Random Scribd Documents
 contra Cristianos prelati legibus suis positiuis
instituunt et prosequntur.

Capm. vi. Ante sue mortis tempus dedit atque reliquit

330 Pacem discipulis Cristus habere suis;
Et quia tunc solum cupiebant nil nisi Cristum,
In Cristi pace cuncta tulere pie.
Set quia nunc mundum cupiunt tantummodo
vanum,
Que sibi sunt mundus bella ministrat eis;
Et quia belligeram ducit clerus modo vitam,
Auctor eos pacis non iuuat ipse deus.
Dixerat ad Petrum Cristus, ‘Quicumque virorum
Percutit in gladio, fine peribit eo’:
Nec poterit falli fateor sentencia Cristi,
340 Quamuis sit cleri mortifer ensis ibi.
Percuciunt ense; si quisque repercutit, inde
Dampnat eum libri lex positiua noui.
Predicat en Petrus, set pugnat papa modernus,
Hic animas, alius querit auarus opes:
Hic fuit occisus pro iure dei, tamen alter
Occidit, neque ius sic habet ipse deus:
Simplicitate fidem non viribus excitat vnus,
Alter et in pompis prouocat arma magis.
Vult Deus vt non sit temeraria nostra querela,
350 Set mala que patimur vindicet illa deus:
Hostiles acies inimicaque vinximus ora,368
Cum vindex nostras nesciat ira vias.
Mollibus in rebus non se probat accio Cristi,
Tempore set duro se probat alta fides:
Militat in Cristo pia que pacientia tristi
Materiam vere tempore laudis habet.
Cristus erat paciens, probra dum tulit omnia, set
nos
De facto minimo commouet ira modo.
Omne vigebat opus, dum cleri nobiliores
360 Cuncta sub arbitrio deseruere dei;
 Ipsa vetus pietas plantare fidem dabat, et nunc
Extirpat vindex ira superba patrum.
‘Non gladius saluat, et qui sperabit in arcu
Non saluatur eo,’ testificante Dauid:
Set nos Dauiticam variamus tradicionem,
Dumque sacerdotis sit gladiata manus.
Archa vetus Moysi valuit, nobisque valebit
Arcus qui populum tensus in orbe ferit.
In celo posuit deus arcum, sit quod ibidem
370 Federis in signum pacis ad omne genus;
Nos tamen in terris nostrum dum tendimus arcum,
Pacis in exilium signa cruoris habet.
Adiuuet ipse deus quos vult, set noster in armis
Saluus erit clerus militis acta tenens.
Criste, tua forti Sathanam virtute 369Nota hic370
ligasti, de bello Cleri
Quem nos de clero soluimus ecce tempore Regis
nouo; Ricardi in
Flandria, quia
Ipse solutus enim soluit tunc non solum
quoscumque ligatos, seculares set
Quo sua vota deo soluere nemo eciam
venit. regulares
Abbatem monachus nescit, nec presbiteri in
claustra priorem373 guerris371
ibidem
Ordinis in forma iam retinere mortalibus
380 queunt; quasi Laici
A dextro latere meretricem dumque spoliantes372
sacerdos insisterunt.
Et gladium leua promptus ad arma
tenet.
Quis tali melius est consignatus in orbe,
Forcior armatus, vt bene bella ferat?
Tempore quo cohitum natura mouet, pecus omne
Prouocat ex facili bella furore suo:
Set si causa sit hec, sumat qua presbiter arma,
Longior a pace pugna perhennis erit.
Militis officium non aris thurificare
 390 Est, neque presbiteri publica bella sequi.
Si valet in bello clerus sibi ferre triumphum,
Ammodo quid validi militis acta valent?
Quem decet orare clerum pugnare videmus,
Curam de bellis, non animabus habent.
Quid si vulneribus superaddat homo tibi vulnus,
Num dici medicus debeat ipse tuus?
Num decet aut medicum morbo superaddere
morbum,
Quo fugit interius longius ipsa salus?
Hoc experta docet natura, quod omnis in orbe
400 Qua magis infirmor, est medicina mala.
Quos reperare decet pacem, si bella
frequentent,374
Nescio quo pacis tutus inire viam.
Dicitur vt fortuna rei de fine notatur,
Rebus et in dubiis exitus acta probat:
Qualis erit finis, seu que fortuna sequetur
In cleri bellis scit magis ipse deus.

Hic loquitur qualiter clerus in amore dei et

proximi deberet pius et paciens existere et non
bellicosus.

Capm. vii. Semper in aduersis est virtus maior, et ecce

Lumen in obscuro clarius esse solet.
Nobile vincendi genus est paciencia; vincit
410 Qui patitur; si vis vincere, disce pati.
Armiger ipse tuus et signifer est tibi Cristus,
Si simplex fueris et pacienter agas.
Ense manu, iaculis, aliis pugnare iubetur,
Nos pugnare fide, spe, pietate decet.
In seruum domini nichil hostis iuris habebit,
Ordine seruato causa fauebit ei:
Sic cum doctrinis fueris completus honestis,
Tunc hostes poteris inde fugare tuos.
 Vt sis sublimis meritis accinctus in hostes,
420 Scripture iaculis hostica tela fugas.
Pro nobis pugnet Ysaïas cum Ieremia,
Cum Daniele Iohel, cum Samuele Dauid;
Lex euangelii, vox Pauli, sermo prophete,
Tres michi sunt testes, nostra stat vnde salus.
Cogitat ecce Dauid domino fundare, set audit
A domino, templum, ‘Non fabricator eris:
Es vir sanguineus, ideo dignum michi templum
Sanguine fedatus tu fabricare nequis.’
Sanguinis effusor, amplectens crimina mundi,
430 Ex bellis templum non valet esse dei:
Ecclesie sancte talis non erigit edem,
Nec sacre fidei collocat ipse domum.
Est nam mors odium, sicut scriptura fatetur;
Qui fratres odit est homicida sui:
Quomodo nos igitur, plebis de sanguine tincti,
Altaris famuli possumus esse dei?
Peccantis Cristus vult vitam, nec moriatur,
Set conuertatur, viuat vt ipse deo:
Et nos pro mundi rebus iugulamus in ense,
440 Quos Cristi sanguis viuere fecit, eos.
Quas statuit Cristus leges fuerant pietatis,
Nec peciit mundi quid nisi corda sibi;
Non cordis carnem, set quam dileccio mentem
Prestat, et has leges vendicat esse suas:
Nos tamen econtra cum sanguine carnea corda
Poscimus, vt nostra sit magis ira fera.
Nescio si mundum sub guerra vincere tali
Possumus; hoc reputo, displicet illa deo:
Namque malignantis deus ecclesiam magis odit,
450 Subque manu tali prospera nulla sinit.
Virtutem dat eis, qui mundum vincere norunt,
Ipsa fides Cristi fratris et intus amor.
Fratris amor pacem confirmat, federa seruat,
Stringit amicicias continuatque fidem:375
Fratris amor nescit aliena sitire, nec vmquam
 Que sua sunt querit, nec scit habere suum:
Fratris amor ledi non vult nec ledere querit,
Nec queritur, nec dat vnde queratur homo.
Augens merorem male vindicat ipse dolorem,
460 Dum pugnat clerus obstat et ipse deus:
Nam mundanus amor premit omni tempore
quosque,
Set diuina manus seruat ab hoste suos.376
Prima dei timor est sapiencia, prima salutis
Est via, lux prima premia prima parans:
Federe perpetuo timor amplexatur amorem,
Quem sibi consimili federe iungit amor.
Vna nequit virtus alia virtute carere,
Nam timor est et amor connumeratus idem:
Est pater, hinc amor est; est iudex, inde timetur;
470 Et timor hic et amor comoda multa ferunt.
Non timor est serui set nati, suppliciumque
Non parit, immo parat premia magna viro.
Omnis amans Cristum timet illum; qui timet ipse
Non facit excessum, prouocet vnde d e u m:
Hic amor inspirat hominem discernere celum,
Iudicat et mundi gaudia vana fore.
Est igitur mirum, modo quod discordia cleri
Non se pacificat huius amoris ope.
Litera sacra docet, virtus quod amor placet omnis,
480 Et non mundanus ambiciosus honor;
Namque suos mundus dilectores magis arcet,
Et minus in fine commoditatis habent.
In veteri lege nullas habuere Leuite
Terras, nec mundus sollicitauit eos;
Immo deo soli plebis pro pace vacare
Est et non alia sollicitudo sua.
Non est ergo bonum mundanas sumere guerras,
Cum deus est mitis et bona pacis amat.
 Hic tractat eciam qualiter non decet prelatos
contra populum Cristianum ex impaciencia
aliqualiter bella mouere; set tantum ex
precibus, deo mediante, absque ire impetu
omnem mundi deuincant377 maliciam.

Capm. viii. Inuoluens mentem meditando me stupor angit,

490 Cristi doctrina quam pietosa fuit;
Omne quod est pacis instruxit regula Cristi,
Quicquid et est belli nostra cupido mouet.
Ponit et opponit racio michi de racione,
Qualiter ex clero bellicus vnus erit.
Plures sunt cause, quod non ita fiat, et inde
Cristus in exemplum plurima verba docet:
Et si pro mundo fiat, sapiencia mundi
Arguit econtra, si videatur opus:
Nam dum pacifici fuerant nec honoris auari,
500 Omnis tunc requies glorificabat eos.
Si mundana decet mundanos bellica pugna,
Longius a clero sit tamen ille furor:
Que prosunt aliis, aliis nocuisse probantur,
Q u o d facit hunc stare, corruet alter eo:
Non bene conueniunt laicis misteria cleri,
Nec clero laici conuenit arma sequi.
Bella gerant alii, regat et paciencia clerum,
Quique tubis resonant, nos tacuisse decet.
Quo leuius cessit cuiquam victoria belli,
510 Victoris tanto gloria maior erit.
Non hiis, qui poterunt ex verbo cuncta ligare,
Expedit vt ponant quomodocumque manus:
Non opus est armis, vbi vox benedicta triumphat;
Qui vincit precibus, est sibi guerra nichil:
Quem deus in tanto promouit munere clerum,
Sollempnes satis est voce mouere preces.378
Qui sibi vult pacem, paciens in pace quiescat;
Non grauat hunc mundus quem iuuat ipse deus:
Quo casu queris, tibi respondere tenebor:
520 Qui bellator erit, bella parantur ei.
O quam perduros habet impaciencia fines,
Vnde solet preceps exitus esse grauis.
Impetus, vt memini, grauis est deformiter illis,
Quos sine iure dei propria iura regunt;
Stultaque multociens nocuit vexacio stulto,
Qui proprio capiti fine refundit onus:
Cumque suas vires quis vult preponere Cristi
Viribus, et bellum vincere credit eis,
Tanto debilior erit, et cum sic superare
530 Se putat, en victus subditur ille prius.
Vult implere viam Balaam, set trita flagellis
Et diuina videns tardat asella viam:
Quod sibi sic hominis habet impetuosa voluntas,
Denegat effectus commoditatis opus.
Quam variis vicibus humane res variantur,
Hoc docet expertus finis vbique rei:379
Quam minima causa magnum discrimen oriri
Possit, ab effectu res manifesta docet.
Rebus in aduersis opus est moderamine multo,
540 Nec decet in grauibus precipitare gradum:
Micius in duris sapiens Cato mandat agendum,
Nam nimis accelerans tardius acta facit:
Rebus in ambiguis quociens fortuna laborat,
Plus faciet paciens quam furor ille potest.
Talia rite docet, aliis dum predicat, ecce
Clerus, et econtra sic quasi cecus agit.380
Turpia doctorem fedant, cui culpa repugnat,
Nec sibi quid longo tempore laudis erit.
Nos nisi prosperitas nichil excusare valebit,
550 Quam constat nimiam nos tenuisse diu:
Extitit in letis minor et sollercia nobis,
Cernere nec cecos nostra cupido sinit.
Copia multociens hominem defraudat inanem,
Atque magis plenum causat habere famem.
Quam fuerat requies nuper sine crimine clero
Dulcis, amara modo sollicitudo docet.
 Casibus in letis magis est metuenda voluptas,
Sepius in vicium que vaga corda ruit:
Casibus in letis quam sit vicina ruina,
560 Et lapsus facilis, nemo videre potest.
Non reputet modicum modico contenta
voluntas,381
Res de postfacto que fuit ante docet:
Nec magnum reputet quisquam, quin tempore
quouis
Fortuito casu perdere possit idem.
Discant precipites et quos mora nulla retardat,
Ne nimis accelerent in sua dampna manus:
Hoc docet in clero magis experiencia facti,
Quod mundana nichil cura valoris habet.
Est homo iumentis similis, qui fulget honore
570 Vanus, et ignorat quid sit honoris onus.
Est honor ille deo, puto, quando superbia mentem
Non grauat, immo dei debita iura tenet.
‘Qui mecum non est, hic contra me reputatur,
Collector sine me spersor inanis erit’:
Hec sunt verba dei, cuius de pondere legis
Addit vel minuit lex positiua nichil.

Hic tractat quod, sicut non decet dominos

temporales vsurpare sibi regimen in
spiritualibus, ita non decet382 cleri prelatos
attemptare sibi guerras et huiusmodi
temporalia, que mundi superbia et auaricia
inducunt.

Capm. ix. Anulus et baculus sunt ius papale sequentes,

Quos velut in signum spirituale tenet;
Cesaris et ceptrum mundi sibi signat honorem,383
580 Quo quasi mundane res famulantur ei.
Papa colens animas has dampnat viuificatque,
Corpora set Cesar subdita iure regit.
 Non licet vt Cesar animas torquere valebit,
Nec de posse suo res tenet illa sibi;
Nec decet ex guerris hominum quod papa fatiget
Corpora, namque sibi non tenet illud opus:
Quisque suum faciat factum, pro quo venit ille,
Saltem qui pondus tam capitale gerit.
Qui tenet hic animas sub cura, celsior extat,
590 Et gradus anterior glorificabit eum.
Quicquid agit papa, licet, vt status ille fatetur,
Errat persona, non status ille tamen:
Nam sacer ille status mundum transcendit, et eius
Celorum claues dextera palma gerit.
Hinc aperitque polum, tetram quoque claudit
abissum,384
Que super aut subtus sunt, sua iura colunt;
Quod ligat est firmum, quod soluit eritque solutum,
Posse suum nostris sic animabus habet.
Cesaris hec que sunt, lex vt reddantur eidem
600 Vult, et vt illa dei sint tribuenda deo.
Cesaris est vt ei caput inclines, animamque
Pape, sic proprium reddis vtrique suum:
Cesar habere statum pape nequit, aut sibi papa
Cesaris imperium non propriare potest.
Cesaris hoc non est vt spiritualia temptet,
Nec decet vt papa Cesaris arma gerat:
Papa suum teneat Cesarque suum, quod vtrique
Iura coequata stent racione rata.
Si sibi presumat Cesar papalia iura,
610 Hoc non papa sinit, immo resistit ei:
Ergo quid est bellum pape quod Cesaris extat?
Nam deus ecclesie pacis amator erat.
Set quia papa suis mundum scrutatur in armis,
Inueniet similem quem petit inde modum:
Opponis mundo, mundus respondet, et illam
Quam sibi preponis rem dabit ipse tibi.
Quos prius ecclesia fundauerat ipsa fideles,385
Nunc magis impaciens dura per arma necat.
 Rusticus agricolam, miles fera bella gerentem,
620 Rectorem dubie nauita puppis amat:
Cristus amat pacem, pax vendicat et sibi clerum,
Clerus et ergo suos debet habere pios.
Turpe referre pedem nec passu stare tenaci,
Turpe laborantem deseruisse ratem;
Turpius est Cristi pro mundo iura fugare,
Qui statuunt bellum pacis adesse loco.
Omnia regna quasi, Cristi que nomen invndat,
Bella gerunt reprobis horridiora Gethis.
Sufficeret tamen hoc, quod bella forent laicorum,
630 Si non quod proprio clerus in ense ferat:
Quicquid agant laici, minus excusare valebo
Clerum, quem Cristi regula pacis habet.
Set bona que mundi fugitiua sunt velut vmbra,386
Postposito Cristo, bella nephanda mouent.
Quicquid in humanis sit spiritualiter actum,
Clerus in officio clamat habere suo:
Est et mundanis que maior gloria rebus,
Vendicat hoc gladii proprietate sui.
Sic modo fert clerus geminas quibus euolat alas,
640 Illa tamen mundi plus placet ala sibi.
Sic piper vrtice mordacis semina miscent,387
Dum clerus mundi sponsus adheret ei;
Dumque tumens mundo clerus se miscet auaro,
Quo doleat populus, fit magis egra salus.
Non satis est illis populum vexare quietum,
Set magnum bello sollicitare deum.
Est ‘Non occides’ scriptum, set in orbe manentem
Preualet hoc certum nullus habere locum.
Est vbi dic ergo ius nostrum, nonne caducis
650 Talibus in rebus quas retinere nequis?
Linea natalis matris de iure fatetur
Heredem Cristum, qua fuit ortus, humi:
Si quid in hoc mundo nobis proprium magis esset,
Pars foret hoc Cristi que titulatur ei:
Hanc tenet intrusor modo set paganus, ab illa
 Thesauris nostris nulla tributa feret.
Nos neque personas neque res repetendo
mouemus
Bella viris istis, lex ibi nostra silet:
Non ibi bulla monet, ibi nec sentencia lata
660 Aggrauat, aut gladius prelia noster agit:
Que sua sunt Cristus ibi, si vult, vendicet ipse,
Proque sua bellum proprietate ferat.
Nos ita longinquis non frangimus ocia guerris,
It neque pro Cristi dote legatus ibi;
Set magis in fratres, signat quos vnda renatos,
Pro mundi rebus publica bella damus.
Mandatum Cristi clerus quod predicet extat,
Et sibi sic lucrum spirituale gerat;
Non lego quod mundi pro lucro clerus ad arma
670 Procedat, set ibi parcat amore dei.
Sermo tamen cleri paganos nescit, vt illos
Conuertat, nec eo se iuuat ipse lucro:
Castra sibi que domos pocius lucratur et vrbes,
Pro quibus, vt vincat, forcius arma mouet.
Est sibi quod proprium, sic spirituale recusat,
Torpet et improprie quo foret ipse vigil;
Que tamen impropria Cristus sibi dixerat, i l l a
Mundi terrena propriat ipse sua:
Sic magis impropria propriat, propriisque
repugnans
680 Dispropriat clerus, que dedit acta deus.
Venit enim princeps huius mundi, famulatum
Optinet et nostrum, fert quia grande lucrum.
Cristi pauperiem mens nostra perhorret auara,
Ocia ne nostri corporis ipsa premat;
Nec sua cor mulcet humilis paciencia nostrum,388
Hoc etenim nostra pompa superba negat:
Nullus nos cinget nisi libera nostra voluntas,
Cuius habet tenera ducere frena caro.
Conditor est iuris qui spernere iura videtur,
690 Nec tenet ipse vias, quas docet esse suas;
 Crimina condempnat qui crimine primus habetur,
Corripiens alios deteriora facit.
Ipse suas maculas, qui noscere vult aliorum,
Noscat, et emendet que sua culpa parat:
Qui claues Petri gestaret vt ostia celi
Panderet, illa viris claudit in orbe prius.
Cum magis hoc penso, magis obstupefactus in illo
Sum, nam lux quicquid predicat vmbra fugat:
Vnius gustus infecit milia multa,
700 Commaculantur eo cuncta sapore malo.
Sublimo residens dux prima superbia curru,
Multa minans vultu, lumine, voce, manu:
Subsequitur liuor, turba comitatus acerba,
Pallida res, atra pestis, amara lues;
Que solet et pietas peccata remittere vindex,
Extat auaricia lucra caduca petens.
Quam grauis est pestis, quam triste superbia
nomen,
Radix peccati, fons et origo mali!
Fons fuit hec sceleris, tocius causa doloris,
710 Virtutum morbus, saltus ad yma cadens,
Hospes auaricie, paupertas prodiga, fraudis
Principium, fallax sensus, iniqus amor,
Irrequies mentis, lis proxima, mortis amica,
Perfida mens, racio deuia, vanus honor.
Hec quasi de proprio sunt apropriata superbo,
Heres et baratri primus habetur ibi:
Hoc capitale malum quo regnat egens caput omne
Conficit, et caude par facit esse sue.
Hoc caput est rerum viciis seruire coactum,
720 Liber homo didicit hoc graue ferre iugum;
Non illud domini, quod dicitur esse suaue,
Immo quod imposuit invidus hostis ei;
Non quo libertas perquiritur illa salutis,
Set quod seruili condicione premit.
Fabrica prima, decus primum, primatis honore
Preditus, est prime perdicionis opus.
 Prodolor, heu! tante dic que sit causa ruine:
Elate mentis motus origo fuit.
O mens elata, presumpcio dira, superni
730 Regis habere locum, iudicis esse parem,
Equarique suo factori, non imitari,
Equiperare deum nec bonitate sequi!
Expedit exemplis vt talibus euacuetur
Fastus, et ex humili corde paretur opus.
Incertum dimitte, tene certum, quia Cristi
Actus erat pacis, bella nec vlla mouet.
Si caput ecclesie delinquat ab ordine sacro,
Ecce nephas capitis membra nephanda parat.

Ordo sacerdotum pro Cristi nomine guerras

740 Non dedit, immo pati cum pietate solet.
Fustibus hii torti quemquam torquere recusant,
Cunctaque sic vincunt, dum pacienter agunt;
Inque bono vicere malum, quia Cristus eorum
Dux fuit, et iustis iusta petita dabat.
Quesiuit precibus bona spiritualia Petrus,
Vicit et egregie sic sua bella prece:
Hec fuit excelsi dextre victoria, cuius
Viribus efficitur quicquid adesse cupit.
Omnia namque pie moderatur, et omnia iusto
750 Pondere perpendit, dum sua vota dedit:
Sic qui prospiceret Cristi meditans pietatem,
Non tumidus fieret nec leuitate fluens.
Non fuit argentum sibi dixit Petrus et aurum,
Set preciosa magis dat sibi dona deus:
Dixerat hic claudo quod surgat, surgit et ille,
Ambulet et vadat, vadit et ipse statim.
Nunc quid erit nobis? nam si vir postulet omnis
Vt sic curemus, absque salute sumus.
Non habet elatus animus, quo digna precetur,
760 Molle cor; ad timidas dat deus immo preces.
Qui fuerat dulcis salibus viciatur amaris,
Floriger et veris floribus extat inops.
 Auro magnifici sumus et virtutis egeni,
Nam que sunt auri duximus illa sequi:
Aurum si quis habet, satis ipsum constat habere,
Est et in hoc mundo sic benedictus homo.
Influit in cleri totus quasi mundus hiatum,
Inque suas fauces aurea queque vorat:
Vt tamen inde iuuet inopes, non paruula gutta
770 Refluit, immo tenax propriat omne sibi.
Se dedit in precium Cristus pro munere plebi,
Nos tamen ingrati nostra negamus ei.
O caput ecclesie, reminiscere tempora Cristi,
Si dedit exemplis talia sicut agis.
Ipse redemit oues, a morteque viuificauit,
Quas pietatis inops tu cruciando necas.
Precipit ipse, vices per septem septuagenas
Dimittat Petrus, parcat et ipse reis;
Tu tamen ad primam gladio cum vindice culpam
780 Percutis, et nullo parcis amore viro.
Ecce Rachel plorat nec habet solamina tristis,
Dum genus ex proprio ventre reliquit eam.
O genus electum, gens sancta, quid est quod
auara
Scandala iudiciis ponis in orbe tuis?
Prodolor! ecclesie bona, que debentur egenis,
Dissipat in bellis qui dominatur eis.
Prodolor! a clero, pietatis iure remoto,
Cauda fit ecclesie qui solet esse caput;
Fitque salus morbus, fit vitaque mors, releuamen
790 Lapsus, lex error, hostis et ipse pater.

Hic querit quod, exquo prelati scribunt et

docent ea que sunt pacis, quomodo in
contrarium389 ea que sunt belli procurant et
operantur. Ad quam tamen questionem ipse
subsequenter respondet.
Capm. x. In libris cleri Rome sic scribere vidi:
‘Vt melius viuas, hec mea scripta legas.
Vis seruire deo, vis noscere qualia querit?
Hec lege, tuncque scies qualiter illud erit.
Dilige mente deum, pete, crede, stude reuereri:’
Teste libro cleri, sic iubet ipse geri.
‘Est quia vita breuis, fuge luxus corporis omnes,
Preponens anime celica dona tue:
Iusticiam serua, tua sit lex omnibus equa;
800 Hoc facias alii, quod cupis ipse tibi:
Ex toto corde dominum tu dilige, tota
Ex animaque simul sit tibi fratris amor:
Gignit nempe dei dileccio fratris amorem,
Et diuinus amor fratris amore viget.
Munera fer miseris, que Cristo ferre teneris,
Arma quibus noceas, bella nec vlla geras:
Sis pius et paciens, tua sitque modestia cunctis
Exemplum pacis, duret vt illa magis.’
Hec ita cum legi, confestim me stupor vrget,
810 Qualiter in clero bella videre queo:
Querere sic volui de clero, quis foret ille;
Qui michi responsum de racione daret.
Questio mota fuit, qua sumpta clericus vnus
Astat et oppositis prompserat ista meis;
Supponens primis quod ei sit culmen honoris
Pontificis summi, talia dixit ibi.
‘Diuidit imperium terrena potencia mecum,
Iureque celicolo subdita regna colo;
Set quia terra prope nos est celumque remotum,
820 Que magis est nobis terra propinqua placet.
Aula michi grandis, sublimis et arte decora,
Nobilis est thalamus, mollis et ipse thorus:
Vt placeant ori que postulo, de meliori
Fercula lauta cibo sunt michi, vina bibo:
Ex auium genere, de piscibus omne salubre,
Vt magis est placitum, dant michi ferre cibum:
Singula que genera vini dat potibus vua
 Optineo, quod in hiis sit michi nulla sitis.
Sunt michi carmina consona, timpana, letaque
musa,
830 Histrio dat variis cantica plena iocis:
Que mare, terra parit, meliora vel aera format,
Sunt michi prompta foro, sicut habere volo.
Est michi vinea, sunt viridaria fonte reclusa,
Que peto de mundo cuncta tenere queo:
Est michi fecundus dotalibus ortus in agris,
Pompaque castrorum, summus et vrbis honor:
Silua feras, volucres aer suscepit habendas,
Et mare quam vario pisce repleuit aquas.
Set loca non tantum nobis, nec et illa creata
840 Sufficiunt, auri sint nisi dona l u c r i.390
‘Ecce fores large, quas seruat ianitor arte,
Sic vt in has pauper nullus habebit iter:
Curia quos reprobat isto sermone repellit,
“State foras, vacui, flebitis ante fores.”
Que non dona manum presentat ianitor illam
Excludat, nostras nec sciat ipsa vias:
Qui tamen occulto cupit vt sit noster amicus,
Aurum det, sine quo victima nulla placet:
Que manus est plena, magis inuitabitur illa,
850 Stet foris et vacua, nec veneretur ita.
Omnia soluo, ligo, summo diademate regno,
Orbis ego dominus: quid michi velle magis?
Me dominum clamat, me viuens omnis adorat,
Omne solum calco sic deus alter ego.
Est thronus excelsus, quo possumus omnibus vna
Et benedicta manu, sic maledicta dare:
Sicque potestate nostra reuerenter vbique
Magnus in ecclesia, maior in orbe sumus.
‘Dicimus, et facta iam sunt, mandamus, et ecce
860 Accrescunt subiti dona creata lucri.
Que Cristus renuit suscepimus omnia regna
Mundi, que dominans gloria vana dedit:
Sic exaltati de terra traximus ad nos
 Omnia deliciis amplificata magis.
Sic status assumptus quales sumus approbat, vt
nos
Ocia plectentes qui cruciamus humum.
Suaue iugum, leue Cristus onus nobis dedit, et
nos
Pondera que mundi sunt grauiora damus:
Iura damus populis, set nos non lege tenemur,
870 Que michi lex placuit iuris habebit onus.
Iudiciis hominum non stat quod pecco per orbem,
Sic michi cuncta licent, que magis acta placent;
Et si mundus in hiis fiat michi forte rebellis,
Est mea de guerris forcior ecce manus.
Hiis quoque de causis respondeo papa, quod
omnes
Per mea terrigenos bella retrudo viros.
‘Inter discipulos fuerat discordia facta,
Norma set infantis pacificauit opus:
Nos tamen ad veram nullo moderamine pacem
880 Flectere quis poterit, hoc neque pompa sinit.
In cruce confixus patitur sua funera Cristus,
Et fuit illa viris passio vera salus:
Omnibus exemplum fuit hec paciencia Cristi,
Alterutrum socii simus vt inde pii.
Nos tamen in signum vindicte ponimus illam,
Plebis et in mortem ferre iubemus eam:
Sicque pium signum diuertimus a pietate,
Que fuit et vita, nunc noua pestis erit.
Sic modo sunt mortis nuper vexilla salutis,
890 Que tulit et pacem crux modo bella gerit:
Sicque crucem domini baiulamus, mente set vlla
Non sequimur dominum, qua tulit ipse crucem.
Quod nequit hoc virtus, supplebunt ammodo vires,
Non mos set mortis pugna parabit iter:
Nostra sinistra teret quicquid fundauerat olim
Dextra, que sic humilis non parit oua fides.
Quam collegerunt alii dispergere messem
 Tendimus, et feritas nostra vorabit humum:
Vinea sic domini nostros inculta labores
900 Non habet, estque magis bellica facta manus:
Sic magis, extrahere quem de pietate tenemur,
Sternimus in puteum de feritate bouem.
‘Quod tulerat Petrus lucrum Iudea fatetur,
Quas tulit et Paulus gens manifestat opes:
Nos neque cum vacuis manibus veniemus in auro,
Quod tamen est lucrum spirituale nichil.
Postera quicquid agat etas, iam nulla veremur
Crimina, dum mundus noster amicus erit:
Vt sit enim nomen nostrum nomen super omne,
910 Est vbi rarus honor, pugna iuuabit opus.
Ense peribit homo iuxta leges Machometi,
Eius qui nomen spernit habere sacrum:
Nos ita decretum iam ponimus ense volutum,
Nomen vt hinc nostrum presit in omne solum.
Cesaris imperio qui contradicit, amicus
Eius in hoc mundo non reputatur homo:
Sic homo, qui nomen nostrum non preficit altum,
Filius est mortis, ensis in ore reus.
‘Mittere sic gladium non pacem venimus orbi,
920 Et noua iam facimus omnia, dampna tamen.
Sic caput in membra iam seuit, et aggrauat illos,
Quos minus officio lederet ipse suo:
Sic pater in natos nunc fit magis ipse Saturnus,
Quos sua deberet lexque fouere, necat:
Sic et pastor oues, quas pascere iure tenetur
Iam vorat, et proprium predat ouile suum:
Sic ferus vt iudex agitamus secla per ignem,
Purgatique magis eris habemus opes.
Vendat enim tunicam sibi clerus et hinc emat
ensem,
930 Cesset et a sacris quilibet ordo suis:
Nomen et in terris sic nostrum magnificemus,
Vt timeant alii bella futura sibi.
Iam pastoralis baculus vertetur in hastam,
 Mitra fit in galeam, pax ruit inque necem:391
Qui prodesse velit prosit, nam nos super omnes
Preferri volumus, gestet et alter onus.
‘Sic nos, qui summi portamus nomina cleri,
Corde magis ceci duximus arma sequi:
Quicquid agant anime, nos subdere corpora mundi
940 Tendimus, et nobis lex positiua fauet;
Nam licet ex glosa gladium quod sumat vtrumque,
Quo ferat extenta bellica, nostra manus.
Ergo magis paueant omnes dedicere nobis,
In quorum bellis os ferit atque manus.
Attamen ad pacem nostram suscepimus omnes
Barbaricas gentes, ne cruciemur eis:
Contra Cristicolas pretendimus arma mouere,
Qui modo sunt ausi vix sua iura loqui.
Auriculam Petrus abscidit, vulnus et illud
950 Sanum restituit Cristus vt ante fuit;
Nostra set ira caput aufert, quo vulnere nullum
Nouimus in sanum post reuenire statum.
Est igitur Petri maior sentencia nostra,
Et gladius noster forcior ense suo.’
Sic differt Clemens nunc a clemente vocatus,
Errat et Acephalo nomine nomen habens.

Hic loquitur de prelatis illis, qui nomen

sanctum sibi presumunt, appropriant tamen sibi
terrena, nec aliis inde participando ex caritate
subueniunt.

Capm. xi. Angelus, vt legitur, sancto quandoque Iohanni

Dixit, cumque cadens alter adorat eum,
‘Tu michi, serue dei, videas ne feceris illud,
960 Immo deum toto cordis honore cole.’
‘Quem tamen in terris celestis ciuis honorem
Respuit, hunc repetit curia nostra sibi;
Flectitur inde genu, que pedes post oscula nostros
 Mulcent, vt Cristi pes foret alter ibi.’
Precipit hoc Cristus, eius quod discipulorum
Nemo patris nomen querat habere sibi:
In celo sancti proclamant ‘Sanctus’ vt illi
Qui sedet in solio dignus honore suo.
‘Nos tamen in gente nomen portamus vtrumque,
970 “O pater, o sancte,” quisque salutat, “aue!”
Extitit a Cristo data nobis magna potestas,
Vndique quam mundus amplificare studet.
Hoc sit vt esse potest: celum quicumque ligabit,
Scimus nos mundum posse ligare satis:
Nam modo lex posita bellorum ponit auara
Quod valet ecclesia vi reuocare sua.
Set quicquid clerus rapit et tenet ex alienis,
Hoc valet a clero tollere nullus homo.’
Quicquid habet clerus proprios hoc vertit in vsus,
980 De laicis partem vult set habere suam.
Hic bona cuncta sua fore dicit sanctificata,
Nec licet vt laicus mittat ad illa manus;
Partem sed laici petit ipse per omnia lucri,
Nec vult cum dampno participare suo.
Si communis amor fuerit, commune sit omne,
Quod liquet alterutrum posse iuuare virum:
Set quia iam clerus non est communis amoris,
Quicquid habet soli vult retinere sibi.
Ex veteri lege raptum sit quicquid ab hoste,392
990 Non valet illud homo sanctificare deo;
Nostra set ecclesia clerus vicinia rapta
Predat, et hec propria dicit habere sacra.
Sic multat laicum clerus, multare set ipsum
Nemo potest, et ita stant modo iura noua:
Sic non pastor oues pascit, set pastus ab ipsis
Lac vorat et vellus, alter vt ipse lupus:
Sic libras siciens libros non appetit, immo
Marcam pro Marco construit ipse libro:
Summas non summa memoratur, et optima vina
1000 Plusquam diuina computat esse sacra:
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