Huawei 5G Smart Mining Network Solution

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd

Contents

Market Insights and Industry Trends

 Global Mining Industry Overview
Market shares of major mineral-producing countries Major Mining Companies Worldwide

Source: Qianzhan Industry Research Institute

Source: Statista, Production share of key mineral commodities worldwide in 2019

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 Mining Industry – Pillar of Economy
China: World's largest producer and consumer of coal, the
South Africa: Mining – a pillar of the real economy
most important energy source
Coal production in 2020: 3.9 billion tons, record high since 2015 • 8.1% of GDP in 2019, the country’s third largest industry
Industry scale in 2020: revenue of coal companies over $300 billion, profit: $34 billion • Mineral exports: $24.8 bn
• Tax contribution: $1.7 bn

Raw coal production: • 450,000+ jobs

Energy consumption • 45% of domestic coal production supplied to Eskom for power generation
Shanxi, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia
account for over 70%
China's Energy Consumption in 2020
Coal Production by Province in 2020
18.80% 2.7% 10.20%
2.9% 2.8%

3.1% 27.7%
56.70% 6.9%
17.7% 26.0%
24.50%

Shanxi Inner Mongolia Shaanxi

Coal Clean Energy Oil
Xinjiang Guizhou Anhui
Shandong Henan Others
Source: National Bureau of Statistics of China Source: Statistics South Africa

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 Pain points: Safety Challenges, Labor and Efficiency Drive 5G Smart Mines
Mine safety has improved significantly, but there is more to do Strong demand for mobile inspection and remote control

◼ Mine safety has significantly improved. Fatalities per million tons dropped by 98.9% in 10 years.
◼ Fatalities per million tons was 0.093 in 2018, and dropped to 0.083 in 2019 (170 fatal incidents, 316
deaths) – still 5 times that of the US and 11 times that of Australia.

◼ No real-time mobile monitoring and remote control in underground mines.

◼ Wired network for video surveillance, difficult cabling, high costs
◼ Wired network for remote control of excavation & mining, wires break easily when
machines move
Source: National Conference on Coal Mine Safety Production, January 7, 2020

Tough environment, challenging labor recruitment Weak ICT infrastructure, system silos
Harsh working conditions:
◼ Dust, gas (underground mines).
◼ Three systems critical to safety that require
◼ Long hours, intense labor (3 shifts/24 hours)
communications network have independent
◼ Poor transportation, steep roads, and frequent traffic accidents
networks and poor interoperability.
Challenging labor recruitment:
◼ Underground mines: Average age of workers 42+. Young people reluctant to work underground.
◼ Systems of various standards, complex O&M
Urgently need mechanical alternatives, and intelligent technologies to reduce the number of operators
required. (50% of workers to retire in 5 years, no workers in underground mines after 10 years)
◼ Open-pit mines: Aging drivers. Young drivers don't want to work in mines. One mine gave out 20 offers
to truck drivers, only 3 accepted.

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Contents

Application Scenarios of 5G Smart Mining

 5G Empowers Open-pit Mining in all Scenarios
1 Safety Monitoring

• Real-time video monitoring

• Smart Alarm
• Incident Identification

2 Remote Control

• Remote control of drilling rigs

• Remote control of electronic shovels
• Remote control of excavators

3 Multi-use Drones

• 3D Modeling
• Inspection in blasting areas
• Ore volume measurement

4 Preventive Maintenance

• Data collection and pre-processing

• Predictive, prescriptive and preventative
reports

5 Unmanned Driving

• Unmanned driving of mining trucks

• Integrated dispatching of mining trucks
• Coordinated truck-shovel operations

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 5G Empowers Underground Mining in all Scenarios

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 Four types of 5G Smart Mining Applications
Visibility Inspection Control Communication
• Remote control of Shearer, road
• AI Intelligent patrol
• HD Video surveillance header & power shovel • Unified communications system
• AI Inspection for conveyor belt
• Remote driving of locomotive • Data collection
• Unmanned drone inspection
• Remote driving of trucks

Chamber Mining face Conveyor belt

• Robot patrol of equipment chamber (inspection) • HD surveillance (visibility) • AI inspection of conveyor belt (inspection)
• Automatic uploading of device data (communication) • Remote control of shearer (control）
• Remote control of road header (control）

Roadway
• Personnel monitoring (visibility)
• Real-time communication
(communication)

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 Visibility: 5G Allows Clear Ground Monitoring
Challenge: Inflexible deployment 5G-powered monitoring of the entire production process for
and blurry images personnel/environment/production safety

HD cameras in dangerous areas underground, real- Real-time backhaul of massive HD camera feeds from
time monitoring to avoid accidents mining face
• SD camera (480p/720p) images cannot 2 km roadway: approx. 30–50 cameras
Approx. 50–70 cameras
meet such high quality requirements 10 km conveyor belt: approx. 50–100 cameras

• Fixed network transmission, cameras

Explosion- Explosion-
cannot be flexibly deployed and cannot proof base proof base
station station
meet requirements for unmanned mines.

Network requirement
Resolution Frame rate (FPS) Encoding scheme
(recommended)
25 H.265 3Mbps
Ground monitoring
1080P 30 H.265 4Mbps
Camera feeds of entire
production process on big screen 60 H.265 8Mbps
25 H.265 8Mbps
2K 30 H.265 10Mbps
60 H.265 20Mbps
25 H.265 20Mbps
4K 30 H.265 25Mbps
60 H.265 50Mbps
Simple wireless access,
HD video surveillance Massive connection
flexible deployment

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 Inspection: 5G AI Robot Inspection for Unmanned Operation
Equipment chamber 5G+AI: Automated robot inspection

The chamber houses important equipment, such as power

distribution and communication equipment

Challenge 1: Monitor chamber environment 24*7

• Video surveillance: 24*7 surveillance;

• Thermal imaging: Equipment and cable ports;
Challenge 2: Conduct routine manual inspections to check stats
of equipment • Sound detection: AI recognition of machine running status.

Service Network requirements (recommended)

HD video – uplink (2K cameras * 2) 30Mbps
Data collection (temperature, noise, gas, smoke, etc.) 2Mbps
Image– uplink 20Mbps
Control – downlink <100ms, 1Mbps
Voice intercom – VoIP <100ms, 100Kbps

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 Drone Inspection, Geological Surveying and Mapping in Open-Pit mines
UAV inspection and guarding of blast area Geological mapping by UAV
◼ Challenge 1: Cameras are installed outside the mine boundary, and cannot ◼ Challenges: Topographical information must be promptly updated after
effectively monitor mine safety or production. mining. Currently, data such as mining location, and longitude and latitude
are manually entered into software, which generates a geo map. This is
◼ Challenge 2: Before blasting in a pit, a guard line must be drawn to prevent
both inefficient and inaccurate.
entry. Doing this manually is inefficient and cannot completely prevent unwanted
entry. Blasting still causes casualties. ◼ Solution: Drones collect aerial data, and transmit it back to the workstation
for preprocessing via a 5G network. The preprocessed data is then sent to
◼ 5G drone solution: The drones conduct routine inspections, supported by AI
the 3D modeling server to update the topographical information.
image recognition. During a blasting operation, the blast area is guarded
intelligently, and people, animals, and vehicles are automatically identified, 3D model Orthophoto map Volume of earthwork
Calculate mineral reserves and Analyze the location, mineral Use a 3D model to more easily
triggering alarms.
recoverable reserves based on type, mining method, and status and accurately calculate the
3D model to support overall management volume of earthwork.
Case: Drone inspection at Anhui Conch Cement mine and planning

Ecosystem: BUAA Institute of Unmanned System, Shenzhen Sunwin

Daily inspection and target recognition Guarding and monitoring of blast area Intelligent, Air Dwing

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 Remote control of Shearer and Roadheader
Requirement 5G: Low latency + HD video + massive sensor data, enabling remote control of shearer and road header
• Remote control: start, stop, height, speed, angle, etc.
Reduce manual work in mining and excavation to
lower risk and cost, and increase efficiency.
Ground Command Center
5G Core MEC

Ring
network

5G AR Industrial CPE 5G AR Industrial CPE

Current challenges
• Safety hazards in mining and excavation.
• Sensors cannot upload large amounts of Control/sensing signals
data: wired networks are not suitable for moving Control/sensing signals
equipment; Wi-Fi is unstable.
• Reinforced photoelectric composite cable is
expensive. Cable needs replacing periodically • Low latency: < 50 ms
due to faults caused by twisting fiber. Very costly. • Massive sensor data upload: vibration, gas, speed, location, device health, rate requirement: X Mbps
• Blurry image: Dusty environment requires HD • Densely-deployed HD cameras for real-time monitoring: Up to 1 Gbps capacity requirement at
cameras. mining face
• "Cut the cords": Address the problem of fiber twisting for the moving road header and shearer

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 Control: remote Driving of Trucks and Electric Locomotives
Challenges: Poor working conditions for mine truck drivers and electric locomotive drivers, high-risk operations. Poor visibility, limited sensor data transmission, and high network
latency all need to be addressed.

Open-pit mine: Remote driving of trucks Underground mine: Remote driving of locomotives

Inner Mongolia Baiyun Ebo open-pit mine

Shanxi Xinyan Mine
➢ Various sensors and computing units on the truck. Sensing and decision-
➢ Locomotive positioning accuracy (static) ≤ 30cm, maximum speed ≤ 4m/s.
making in the vehicle.
➢ Remote control of locomotives from ground control center via 5G.
➢ Remote control and path planning.

5G: Low-latency control + massive data transmission enable remote driving

5G AR Industrial CPE
Requirements: At least 4 1080p HD cameras and one line of control signal
Remote control/
video surveillance ✓ Remote control of trucks Scenario Rate (recommended) E2E latency (recommended)
✓ Remote control of electric HD video (6 channels) uplink 42Mbps
5G network
locomotives Remote control downlink 1Mbps < 50ms
Remote control cabin

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Contents

Network Solution (Macro and DIS Solution)

 Huawei provides premium 5G Network Infrastructure
Underground Mines: One Unified, Secure, and Ultra-large-capacity 5G Network with DIS

Unified communications network,

Carrier 5GC Cloud DC of mining eliminating information silos
company
5G + IPRAN/SPN, unified communication and
PTN/ATN data transmission
MEC

Ground

Underground Ring net

PTN/ATN PTN/ATN
Local data processing, ensuring data
PTN/ATN security
Data of coal mining enterprises locally
RHUB processed, segregated from the Internet
BBU BBU BBU
pRRU
Autonomous driving Main roadway Camera Sensor

RHUB RHUB RHUB

Coal

Chamber/
Belt pRRU
Excavation face 2: 3 DL/UL timeslot configuration, ultra-
pRRU pRRU pRRU
roadway large uplink capacity
Camera Shearer control Sensor
High-density video data collection at mining
Industrial Roadheader
Camera Patrol robot Sensor 5G AR face
Mining face CPE control

5G AR Industrial CPE

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 Huawei provides premium 5G Network Infrastructure
Open-pit Mines: Private 5G Network Enables Unmanned, Safe and Efficient Production
Control & command
Mining area 5G private network center

5GC
Coal mine cloud
5G AR Industrial Coal mine operation
CPE
Forklift

PTN/ATN

Unmanned 5G AR Industrial
truck CPE
Campus MEC

5G macro base
IPRAN ring network
station PTN/ATN
PTN/ATN

5G AR Industrial
Rotary drill
CPE
More use
cases

PTN/ATN
Industrial-grade camera Drone
(built-in 5G module) survey/inspection Remote control Remote control
seat platform
(built-in 5G module)

From communications to real-time Remote control of all services becomes a

Uplink rate up to 300–500 Mbps, latency < 50 ms, stable multi-point wireless
connectivity, large uplink bandwidth for necessity, and greatly improves intrinsic safety
access, cutting the cords
data collection and efficiency of coal mine

Remark: 5G AR are not directly applicable to vehicle-mounted scenarios and need to be reinforced with shock resistance
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 DIS is the target 5G indoor network in the next 10 years
Flexible expansion Long Term Evolution
Single Operator
Limited capacity Capacity expansion
Cell splitting
Integrated digital head: multi-band/multi-mode
Cable Ready, 5G Ready: Lowering costs and time
Ultimate experience

• Unique distributed M-MIMO in the

industry, ensuring ubiquitous
pRRU Giga Experience
Gbps experience DL Experience（%）
• Single module supports 3CC
DAS 2T DIS 4T
5Gps, evolve to 5G-A indoors
Optical/Hybrid cable 400

RHUB
Simplified deployment and O&M
200
+
52%
+
103%
+
91%
+
• Sub 3G+C-Band, Highest
Distributed M-MIMO helps
Optical fiber
Integration in the Industry 0
Hospital Shopping Mall Office
provide gigabit experience.
• Flexible capacity expansion by
soft splitting
BBU • Visualized O&M
Intelligent O&M
Ultimate Energy Efficiency
• Automatic planning and configuration
• 0 bits 0 watts • pRRU-level monitoring
• Fault visualization||Coverage visualization||Traffic
visualization

Remark: DIS-Digital Indoor System known as Huawei Lampsite Solution

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Simplified deployment

DIS-Lampsite keeps leading the industry, provide extreme experience

LampSite Pro: 4T + D M-MIMO Simplified digital architecture , TTM reduced by 40%

pRRU

Typical DAS 6-Layer Architecture DIS Simplified 3-Layer

Single-Operator Scenario Architecture
Hybrid Fiber
2 BBU+12 RRU+ 920 power splitters -40% TTM

RHUB and combiners + 600 antennas 2 BBU + 32 RHUBs +250 pRRUs

Grade 6 Antenna
BBU
Feeder
Level 5 Coupler

pRRU Highest integration in the industry Level 3 pRRU

Level 4 Power splitter

Size/weight 25%
VS 3.0

3 Bands 2L/2kG 1.5L/1.5Kg

Level 3 Combiner
VS Level 2 RHUB

Power
Consumption
40% VS 3.0
Level 1 BBU
1800 2100 3.5 GHz
Level 2
RRU RRU RRU
Distributed M-MIMO Industry's first
Level 1 BBU
experience 30%

Capacity 4X
VS features are not enabled.

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Ultimate experience

Indoor Ubiquitous Giga Experience Powered by Distributed Massive MIMO

Distributed Massive MIMO Sets a New Benchmark for
Distributed Massive MIMO Indoor Experience

User experience : + 30% average user rate Capacity : 4x the cell capacity

Distributed M-MIMO: 1Gbps everywhere 1600 4x

1400

1200

> 30% 1000 4x

• Joint beamforming gains are obtained, greatly 800
improving user experience.
600 Cell uplink capacity Cell downlink
• Spatial multiplexing MU-MIMO provides gains -90 -85 -80 -75 -70 -65 -60 capacity
Distributed M-MIMO 4T4R
and greatly increases cell capacity. 4T4R cell Distributed M-MIMO
(100MHz bandwidth, DL/UL = 8:2 )

DIS: Focus on Six Scenarios and Drive Indoor Investment

Transportation hub Large Venues Mall Hospital Colleges Hotel

Sub3G+NR all-in-one module, supporting 4T4R in one step Industry's first distributed M-MIMO to provide ultimate ubiquitous gigabit experience

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 5G-Powered Mining: E2E Network Products Overview
Suitable Products with Viettel 2.6G Frequency Band

BBU5900 pRRU (Underground) AAU (Open-pit)

RHUB
pRRU5633GR AAU5636w (194)
2.6G B41
RHUB5963e 1.8G+2.1G+TDD2.6G (194M) 64T, 320W
Power:1.8/2.1:2*250mW 2.6:4*500mW
• 8*CPRI optical ports, 442 x 310 x 43.6 mm, 6.6 kg AAU5636m (194)
• 442 x 310 x 86 mm, full configuration, 18 kg 2.6G B41
5G base station 64T, 320W

Position of a Lampsite Base Station in the Network

Networking Example (Star & Chain Topology)
Macro-Lampsite co-BBU

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Thank you. 把数字世界带入每个人、每个家庭、
每个组织，构建万物互联的智能世界。
Bring digital to every person, home and
organization for a fully connected,
intelligent world.

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All Rights Reserved.

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