PROPERTIES OF SOIL Bulk specific gravity (Gm) c. Determine the porosity 0.

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d. Determine the degree of
1. Void ratio – the ratio of the volume of voids to Gm=ϒm/ϒw
saturation 87.5%
the volume of solids
𝑽𝒗 𝒏 Critical Hydraulic Gradient e. Determine the weight of water in
e= e= kN to be added per cubic meter of
𝑽𝒔 𝟏−𝒏
𝑮𝒔−𝟏
i=ϒ’/ϒw= soil for a 100% saturation 0.44KN
𝟏+𝒆
2. Porosity – the ratio of volume of voids to the f. Compute the buoyant unit weight
total volume of the soil sample
𝑽𝒗 𝒆
n= n= PROBLEMS 4. In its natural state, a moist soil has a
𝑽 𝟏+𝒆
volume of 0.00935cu.m and weighs 178N.
1. The sample of soil weighing 30.6kg had a The oven dried weight of the soil is 154N.
3. Moisture Content- The ratio of weight of
volume of 0.0183cu.m. The sample is If Gs=2.67, determine the ff:
water to the weight of solids in a given
allowed to dry in an oven and the weight a. Moisture content 15.6%
volume of soil.
𝑾𝒘
was reduced to 27.2kg. The specific gravity b. Moist unit weight 19.04kN/m3
ω= of the solids was found to be 2.65.
𝑾𝒔 c. Dry unit weight 16.47%
Determine the ff: d. Void ratio 0.59
4. Degree of Saturation – ratio of volume of a. Moist unit weight of soil in kN/cu.m e. Porosity 0.37
water to volume of voids b. Dry unit weight of soil in kN/cu.m f. Degree of saturation 70.6%
𝑽𝒘 c. Moisture content
S= 5. For a moist soil the ff. are given:
𝑽𝒗
d. Void Ratio Vol=1.2cu.m, weight=23.04kN, water
5. Unit Weight
𝑾 e. Porosity content=8.6% and Gs=2.71. Determine the
ϒ=
𝑽 f. Degree of saturation ff:
6. Dry Unit weight 2. The moist unit weight of a soil is
𝑾𝒔 ϒ𝒎 a. Unit weight 19.2kN/cu.m
ϒd= = 19.2kN/cu.m. Given that Gs=2.69 and b. Dry unit weight 17.68kn/cu.m
𝑽 𝟏+𝝎
water content is 9.8%. Determine c. Void ratio 0.504
Other Formulas: a. Dry unit weight 17.49 d. Porosity 0.335
General Formula for Unit weight of soil b. Void Ratio 0.508 e. Degree of saturation 46.2%
ϒ=
𝑮𝒔+𝑺𝒆
ϒw c. Porosity 0.337 f. Vol. Occupied by water 0.186cu.m
𝟏+𝒆 d. Degree of saturation 51.89% 6. The moist unit weight and degrees of
Se=ωGs saturation of a soil are given in the ff. table
3. For a given soil the following are known Unit weight S
Effective/Submerged/Buoyant unit weight Gs=2.74, moist unit weight = 20.6kn/cu.m 17% 40
ϒ’= ϒsat-ϒw , and moisture content is 16.6%. 18% 65
a. Determine the dry unit weight. Determine the void ratio, Gs and Saturated
Air Content= n(1-S) 17.67 unit weight
Air void ratio = 1-S b. Determine the void ratio 0.52