Cambridge International AS & A Level

* 1 3 1 4 2 4 8 6 1 5 *

PHYSICS 9702/22
Paper 2 AS Level Structured Questions May/June 2023

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 60.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 20 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (EF/SG) 313465/2
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Data

acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 m s–2

speed of light in free space c = 3.00 × 108 m s–1

elementary charge e = 1.60 × 10–19 C

unified atomic mass unit 1u = 1.66 × 10–27 kg

rest mass of proton mp = 1.67 × 10–27 kg

rest mass of electron me = 9.11 × 10–31 kg

Avogadro constant NA = 6.02 × 1023 mol–1

molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1

Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 × 10–23 J K–1

gravitational constant G = 6.67 × 10–11 N m2 kg–2

permittivity of free space ε0 = 8.85 × 10–12 F m–1

1
( = 8.99 × 109 m F–1)
4rf0

Planck constant h = 6.63 × 10–34 J s

Stefan–Boltzmann constant σ = 5.67 × 10–8 W m–2 K–4

Formulae

uniformly accelerated motion s = ut + 12 at 2

v2 = u 2 + 2as

hydrostatic pressure ∆p = ρg∆h

upthrust F = ρgV

fs v
Doppler effect for sound waves fo = v!v
s

electric current I = Anvq

resistors in series R = R1 + R2 + ...

1 1 1
resistors in parallel = + + ...
R R1 R2

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1 (a) (i) Define pressure.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Use the answer to (a)(i) to show that the SI base units of pressure are kg m–1 s–2.

[1]

(b) A horizontal pipe has length L and a circular cross‑section of radius R. A liquid of density ρ
flows through the pipe. The mass m of liquid flowing through the pipe in time t is given by

π(p2 – p1)R 4ρt

m=
8kL
where p1 and p2 are the pressures at the ends of the pipe and k is a constant.

Determine the SI base units of k.

SI base units .......................................................... [3]

(c) An experiment is performed to determine the value of k by measuring the values of the other
quantities in the equation in (b).

The values of L and R each have a percentage uncertainty of 2%.

State and explain, quantitatively, which of these two quantities contributes more to the
percentage uncertainty in the calculated value of k.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 6]

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2 (a) State what is meant by the centre of gravity of an object.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Two blocks are on a horizontal beam that is pivoted at its centre of gravity, as shown in
Fig. 2.1.

0.45 m 0.95 m 0.35 m

horizontal
30°
beam pivot
54 N support 2.4 N T string
ground

Fig. 2.1 (not to scale)

A large block of weight 54 N is a distance of 0.45 m from the pivot. A small block of weight
2.4 N is a distance of 0.95 m from the pivot and a distance of 0.35 m from the right‑hand end
of the beam.

The right‑hand end of the beam is connected to the ground by a string that is at an angle of
30° to the horizontal. The beam is in equilibrium.

(i) By taking moments about the pivot, calculate the tension T in the string.

T = ...................................................... N [3]

(ii) The string is cut so that the beam is no longer in equilibrium.

Calculate the magnitude of the resultant moment about the pivot acting on the beam
immediately after the string is cut.

resultant moment = ................................................... N m [1]

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(c) The beam in (b) rotates when the string is cut and the small block of weight 2.4 N is projected
through the air. Fig. 2.2 shows the last part of the path of the block before it hits the ground at
point Y.

path of X
block

1.8 m
horizontal ground
Y

Fig. 2.2 (not to scale)

At point X on the path, the block has a speed of 3.4 m s–1 and is at a height of 1.8 m above the
horizontal ground. Air resistance is negligible.

(i) Calculate the decrease in the gravitational potential energy of the block for its movement
from X to Y.

decrease in gravitational potential energy = ....................................................... J [2]

(ii) Use your answer to (c)(i) and conservation of energy to determine the kinetic energy of
the block at Y.

kinetic energy = ....................................................... J [3]

(iii) State the variation, if any, in the direction of the acceleration of the block as it moves
from X to Y.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(iv) The block passes point X at time tX and arrives at point Y at time tY.

On Fig. 2.3, sketch a graph to show the variation of the magnitude of the horizontal
component of the velocity of the block with time from tX to tY.
Numerical values are not required.

horizontal
component
of velocity

0
tX tY
time

Fig. 2.3
[1]

[Total: 12]

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3 A block is pulled by a force X in a straight line along a rough horizontal surface, as shown in
Fig. 3.1.

velocity
total resistive
force 0.80 N X horizontal surface

Fig. 3.1

Assume that the total resistive force opposing the motion of the block is 0.80 N at all speeds of the
block.

The variation with time t of the magnitude of the force X is shown in Fig. 3.2.

2.0
X/N
1.5

1.0

0.5

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
t/s

Fig. 3.2

(a) (i) Define force.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Determine the change in momentum of the block from time t = 0 to time t = 3.0 s.

change in momentum = ............................................ kg m s–1 [2]

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(b) (i) Describe and explain the motion of the block between time t = 3.0 s and time t = 6.0 s.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Force X produces a total power of 2.0 W when moving the block between time t = 3.0 s
and time t = 6.0 s.

Calculate the distance moved by the block during this time interval.

distance = ...................................................... m [3]

(c) The block is at rest at time t = 0.

On Fig. 3.3, sketch a graph to show the variation of the momentum of the block with time t
from t = 0 to t = 6.0 s.
Numerical values of momentum are not required.

momentum

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
t/s

Fig. 3.3
[2]

[Total: 10]

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4 A spring is suspended from a fixed point at one end. The spring is extended by a vertical force
applied to the other end. The variation of the applied force F with the length L of the spring is
shown in Fig. 4.1.

12

10
F/N
8

0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
L / cm

Fig. 4.1

For the spring:

(a) state the name of the law that gives the relationship between the force and the extension

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) determine the spring constant, in N m–1

spring constant = ................................................ N m–1 [2]

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(c) determine the elastic potential energy when F = 6.0 N.

elastic potential energy = ....................................................... J [2]

[Total: 5]

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5 (a) A progressive wave travels through a medium. The wave causes a particle of the medium to
vibrate along a line P. The energy of the wave propagates along a line Q.

Compare the directions of lines P and Q if the wave is:

(i) a transverse wave

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) a longitudinal wave.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) A tube is closed at one end. A loudspeaker is placed near the other end of the tube, as shown
in Fig. 5.1.

tube

A A

loudspeaker
L

Fig. 5.1 (not to scale)

The loudspeaker emits sound of frequency 1.7 kHz. The speed of sound in the air in the tube
is 340 m s–1. A stationary wave is formed with an antinode A at the open end of the tube.
There is only one other antinode A inside the tube, as shown in Fig. 5.1.

Determine:

(i) the wavelength of the sound

wavelength = ...................................................... m [2]

(ii) the length L of the tube

L = ...................................................... m [1]

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(iii) the maximum wavelength of the sound from the loudspeaker that can produce a
stationary wave in the tube.

maximum wavelength = ...................................................... m [1]

(c) Two polarising filters are arranged so that their planes are vertical and parallel. The first
filter has its transmission axis at an angle of 35° to the vertical and the second filter has its
transmission axis at angle α to the vertical, as shown in Fig. 5.2.

35°
α
incident light beam,
intensity 8.5 W m–2 intensity 5.2 W m–2

transmission
first filter axis of filter second filter

Fig. 5.2

Angle α is greater than 35° and less than 90°. A beam of vertically polarised light of intensity
8.5 W m–2 is incident normally on the first filter.

(i) Show that the intensity of the light transmitted by the first filter is 5.7 W m–2.

[1]

(ii) The intensity of the light transmitted by the second filter is 5.2 W m–2.

Calculate angle α.

α = ........................................................° [2]

[Total: 9]

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6 (a) The current in a filament lamp decreases.

State and explain how the resistance of the lamp changes.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) A cylindrical wire has length L and resistance R. The total number of free electrons (charge
carriers) contained in the volume of the wire is N. Each free electron has charge e. The
potential difference between the ends of the wire is V.

Determine expressions, in terms of some or all of the symbols e, L, N, R and V for:

(i) the current in the wire

current = ......................................................... [1]

(ii) the average drift speed of the free electrons

average drift speed = ......................................................... [2]

(iii) the average time taken for a free electron to move along the full length of the wire.

time taken = ......................................................... [1]

[Total: 5]

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7 (a) A battery of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 9.0 V and negligible internal resistance is connected
to a light‑dependent resistor (LDR) and a fixed resistor, as shown in Fig. 7.1.

9.0 V

1800 Ω 1200 Ω

Fig. 7.1

The LDR and fixed resistor have resistances of 1800 Ω and 1200 Ω respectively.

Calculate the potential difference across the LDR.

potential difference = ...................................................... V [2]

(b) The circuit in (a) is now modified by adding a uniform resistance wire XY and a galvanometer,
as shown in Fig. 7.2.

9.0 V

Z
X Y

1800 Ω 1200 Ω

Fig. 7.2 (not to scale)

The length of the wire XY is 1.2 m. The movable connection Z is positioned on the wire XY so
that the galvanometer reading is zero.

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(i) Calculate the length XZ along the resistance wire.

length XZ = ...................................................... m [2]

(ii) The environmental conditions change causing a decrease in the resistance of the LDR.
The temperature of the LDR remains constant.

State whether there is a decrease, increase or no change to:

• the intensity of the light illuminating the LDR

...........................................................................................................................................

• the total power produced by the battery

...........................................................................................................................................

• the length XZ so that the galvanometer reads zero.

...........................................................................................................................................
[3]

[Total: 7]

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8 (a) Nucleus P and nucleus Q are isotopes of the same element.

Nucleus Q is unstable and emits a β– particle to form nucleus R.

(i) For nuclei P and Q, compare:

• the number of protons

...........................................................................................................................................

• the number of neutrons.

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) When nucleus Q decays to form nucleus R, the quark composition of a nucleon changes.

State the change to the quark composition of the nucleon.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) State the name of another particle that must be emitted from nucleus Q in addition to the
β– particle.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) A hadron consists of two charm quarks and one bottom quark.

Determine, in terms of the elementary charge e, the charge of the hadron.

charge = ....................................................... e [2]

[Total: 6]

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BLANK PAGE

Permission to reproduce items where third‑party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer‑related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2023 9702/22/M/J/23

 Cambridge International AS & A Level
* 1 8 0 5 9 0 4 9 7 4 *

PHYSICS 9702/22
Paper 2 AS Level Structured Questions October/November 2023

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 60.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (RW/SG) 313481/2
© UCLES 2023 [Turn over
 2

Data

acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 m s–2

speed of light in free space c = 3.00 × 108 m s–1

elementary charge e = 1.60 × 10–19 C

unified atomic mass unit 1u = 1.66 × 10–27 kg

rest mass of proton mp = 1.67 × 10–27 kg

rest mass of electron me = 9.11 × 10–31 kg

Avogadro constant NA = 6.02 × 1023 mol–1

molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1

Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 × 10–23 J K–1

gravitational constant G = 6.67 × 10–11 N m2 kg–2

permittivity of free space ε0 = 8.85 × 10–12 F m–1

1
( = 8.99 × 109 m F–1)
4rf0

Planck constant h = 6.63 × 10–34 J s

Stefan–Boltzmann constant σ = 5.67 × 10–8 W m–2 K–4

Formulae

uniformly accelerated motion s = ut + 12 at 2

v2 = u 2 + 2as

hydrostatic pressure ∆p = ρg∆h

upthrust F = ρgV

fs v
Doppler effect for sound waves fo = v!v
s

electric current I = Anvq

resistors in series R = R1 + R2 + ...

1 1 1
resistors in parallel = + + ...
R R1 R2

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1 (a) In the following list, underline all quantities that are SI base quantities.

charge electric current force time [1]

(b) Under certain conditions, the distance s moved in a straight line by an object in time t is given
by
1
s = 2 at 2

where a is the acceleration of the object.

State two conditions under which the above expression applies to the motion of the object.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) The variation with time t of the velocity v of a car that is moving in a straight line is shown in
Fig. 1.1.

25

20

15
v / m s–1
10

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
–5 t/s

–10

–15

Fig. 1.1

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(i) Compare, qualitatively, the acceleration of the car at time t = 8.0 s and at time t = 14.0 s
in terms of:

● magnitude

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

● direction.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Determine the magnitude of the acceleration of the car at time t = 4.0 s.

acceleration = ................................................ m s–2 [2]

(iii) The car is at point X at time t = 0.

Determine the magnitude of the displacement of the car from X at time t = 12.0 s.

displacement = ...................................................... m [2]

[Total: 9]

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2 A high‑altitude balloon is stationary in still air. A solid sphere is suspended from the balloon by a
string, as shown in Fig. 2.1.

balloon

string
sphere

Fig. 2.1 (not to scale)

The volume of the balloon is 7.5 m3. The total weight of the balloon, string and sphere is 65 N. The
upthrust acting on the string and sphere is negligible.

(a) Calculate the density of the air surrounding the balloon.

density = .............................................. kg m–3 [2]

(b) The string breaks, releasing the sphere.

(i) State the magnitude of the acceleration of the sphere immediately after the string breaks.

acceleration = ................................................ m s–2 [1]

(ii) State and explain the variation, if any, in the magnitude of the acceleration of the sphere
when it is moving downwards before it reaches terminal (constant) velocity.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

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(c) The sphere has a mass of 4.0 kg.

Calculate the total resistive force acting on the sphere at the instant when its acceleration is
1.9 m s–2.

resistive force = ...................................................... N [2]

[Total: 8]

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3 A vertical rod is fixed to the horizontal surface of a table, as shown in Fig. 3.1.

rod

surface of spring
table

Fig. 3.1 (not to scale)

A spring of mass 7.5 g is able to slide along the full length of the rod.

The spring is first pushed against the surface of the table so that it has an initial compression of
2.1 cm. The spring is then suddenly released so that it leaves the surface of the table with a kinetic
energy of 0.048 J and then moves up the rod.

Assume that the spring obeys Hooke’s law and that the initial elastic potential energy of the
compressed spring is equal to the kinetic energy of the spring as it leaves the surface of the table.
Air resistance is negligible.

(a) By using the initial elastic potential energy of the compressed spring, calculate its spring
constant.

spring constant = ................................................ N m–1 [2]

(b) Calculate the speed of the spring as it leaves the surface of the table.

speed = ................................................ m s–1 [2]

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(c) The spring rises to its maximum height up the rod from the surface of the table. This causes
the gravitational potential energy of the spring to increase by 0.039 J.

(i) Calculate, for this movement of the spring, the increase in height of the spring after
leaving the surface of the table.

increase in height = ...................................................... m [2]

(ii) Calculate the average frictional force exerted by the rod on the spring as it rises.

average frictional force = ...................................................... N [2]

(d) The rod is replaced by another rod that exerts negligible frictional force on the moving spring.
The initial compression x of the spring is now varied in order to vary the maximum increase
in height Δh of the spring after leaving the surface of the table. Assume that the spring obeys
Hooke’s law for all compressions.

On Fig. 3.2, sketch a graph to show the variation with x of Δh. Numerical values are not
required.

Δh

0
0 x

Fig. 3.2
[2]

[Total: 10]

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4 (a) A ball Y moves along a horizontal frictionless surface and collides with a ball Z, as illustrated
in the views from above in Fig. 4.1 and Fig. 4.2.

0.25 kg
Y 3.7 m s–1

27°
P Y Z Q P Q
44°
0.25 kg mZ
Z
mZ 5.5 m s–1

BEFORE COLLISION AFTER COLLISION

Fig. 4.1 (not to scale) Fig. 4.2 (not to scale)

Ball Y has a mass of 0.25 kg and initially moves along a line PQ.
Ball Z has a mass mZ and is initially stationary.

After the collision, ball Y has a final velocity of 3.7 m s–1 at an angle of 27° to line PQ and
ball Z has a final velocity of 5.5 m s–1 at an angle of 44° to line PQ.

(i) Calculate the component of the final momentum of ball Y in the direction perpendicular
to line PQ.

component of momentum = .................................................... N s [2]

(ii) By considering the component of the final momentum of each ball in the direction
perpendicular to line PQ, calculate mZ.

mZ = ..................................................... kg [1]

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(iii) During the collision, the average force exerted on Y by Z is FY and the average force
exerted on Z by Y is FZ.

Compare the magnitudes and directions of FY and FZ. Numerical values are not required.

magnitudes: .......................................................................................................................

directions: ..........................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Two blocks, A and B, move directly towards each other along a horizontal frictionless surface,
as shown in the view from above in Fig. 4.3.

4 m s–1 6 m s–1
A B

Fig. 4.3

The blocks collide perfectly elastically. Before the collision, block A has a speed of 4 m s–1 and
block B has a speed of 6 m s–1. After the collision, block B moves back along its original path
with a speed of 2 m s–1.

Calculate the speed of block A after the collision.

speed = ................................................ m s–1 [1]

[Total: 6]

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5 (a) A beam of vertically polarised light is incident normally on a polarising filter, as shown in
Fig. 5.1.

vertically polarised transmitted

incident light beam light beam

transmission
filter axis of filter

Fig. 5.1

(i) The transmission axis of the filter is initially vertical. The filter is then rotated through an
angle of 360° while the plane of the filter remains perpendicular to the beam.

On Fig. 5.2, sketch a graph to show the variation of the intensity of the light in the
transmitted beam with the angle through which the transmission axis is rotated.

maximum value

intensity of
the light

0
0 90 180 270 360
angle / °

Fig. 5.2
[2]

(ii) The intensity of the light in the incident beam is 7.6 W m–2. When the transmission axis
of the filter is at angle θ to the vertical, the light intensity of the transmitted beam is
4.2 W m–2.

Calculate angle θ.

θ = ........................................................° [2]

(b) State what is meant by the diffraction of a wave.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

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(c) A beam of light of wavelength 4.3 × 10–7 m is incident normally on a diffraction grating in air,
as shown in Fig. 5.3.

third order

beam of light, 68°

wavelength 68°
4.3 × 10–7 m

diffraction third order

grating

Fig. 5.3 (not to scale)

The third‑order diffraction maximum of the light is at an angle of 68° to the direction of the
incident light beam.

(i) Calculate the line spacing d of the diffraction grating.

d = ...................................................... m [2]

(ii) Determine a different wavelength of visible light that will also produce a diffraction
maximum at an angle of 68°.

wavelength = ...................................................... m [2]

[Total: 10]

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6 (a) A metal wire has a resistance per unit length of 0.92 Ω m–1. The wire has a uniform
cross‑sectional area of 5.3 × 10–7 m2.

Calculate the resistivity of the metal of the wire.

resistivity = .................................................. Ω m [2]

(b) A battery of electromotive force (e.m.f.) E and negligible internal resistance is connected in
series with a fixed resistor and a light‑dependent resistor (LDR), as shown in Fig. 6.1.

E 1400 Ω

1600 Ω

Fig. 6.1

The resistance of the fixed resistor is 1400 Ω. The intensity of the light illuminating the LDR
causes it to have a resistance of 1600 Ω. A voltmeter connected across the LDR reads 6.4 V.

(i) Show that the current in the LDR is 4.0 × 10–3 A.

[1]

(ii) Calculate the number of free electrons passing through the LDR in a time of 3.2 minutes.

number of free electrons = ......................................................... [2]

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(iii) Calculate the e.m.f. E.

E = ...................................................... V [2]

(iv) Determine the ratio

power dissipated in LDR
.
power dissipated in fixed resistor

ratio = ......................................................... [2]

(c) The environmental conditions change causing a decrease in the resistance of the LDR in (b).
The temperature of the environment does not change.

State whether there is a decrease, increase or no change to:

(i) the intensity of the light illuminating the LDR

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) the current in the battery

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) the reading of the voltmeter.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 12]

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7 (a) In the following list, underline all the particles that are not fundamental.

antineutrino baryon nucleon positron [1]

(b) A nucleus of thorium‑230 ( 230

90
Th) decays in stages, by emitting α‑particles and β– particles, to
form a nucleus of lead‑206 ( 206
82
Pb).

Determine the total number of α‑particles and the total number of β– particles that are
emitted during the sequence of decays that form the nucleus of lead‑206 from the nucleus of
thorium‑230.

number of α‑particles = ...............................................................

number of β– particles = ...............................................................

[2]

(c) A meson has a charge of –1e, where e is the elementary charge. The quark composition of
the meson includes a charm antiquark.

State and explain a possible flavour (type) of the other quark in the meson.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 5]

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