UNDERSTANDING THE SELF: SPIRITUAL SELF THE FOUR DIMENSIONS OF RELIGION

Spirituality Belief – generalized system of ideas and values.

- The root meaning of spirituality is taken from the Rituals – repeated gestures or activities such as
Latin word spiritus, meaning breath or life force prayers and mantras.
- It can be understood as search for the sacred, a
Spiritual Experience – feeling of immediate
process through which people seek to discover,
connection with a higher being.
hold on to, and, when necessary, transform
whatever they hold sacred in their lives. Unique social forms of community – uniting in one
single community called Church.
Spirit Self
RELIGIOUS CALLIFICATIONS
- The spiritual aspect of the self is the inner
essence, the part of the self that connects the Religious What/who is Example
person to the sacred, the supernatural, and the Classifications divine
Polytheism Multiple gods Hinduism, Ancient
universe. Greeks, Ancient
- People develop spirituality through interaction, Romans
observation, and imitation. Monotheism Single god Judaism, Islam,
Christianity
- The family, school, and church play a very
Atheism No deities Atheism,
important role in the child’s spiritual Buddhism, Taoism
development. Animism Nonhuman Indigenous
beings (animals, nature worship,
SPIRITUALITY vs RELIGIOSITY plants, natural Shinto
world)
Spirituality is defined as relating to or affecting the THE BABAYLANS
human spirit or soul as opposed to material or
Babaylans – considered as the first psychologists in
physical things.
the Philippines; a spiritual leader and a medium.
Religiosity is about believing in a God or group of
Our ancestors believed that souls can exist outside
Gods and consciously adheres to the beliefs of
the body and that they continue to exist after
his/her religion.
death and become multo.

DUNGAN, SPIRIT, AND SOUL

Dungan – life force, an energy, an ethereal entity

with a will of its own that resides in the human body
and provide essence to life; can temporarily leave
the body.

Ginhawa – responsible for the hearts ability to beat;

Why spirituality is important? may be affected by foreign elements.

Meaninglessness in life is a significant factor in Kaluluwa (Kalag) – associated with wisdom and is
causing anxiety, depression, and other mental believed to be in the head.
health concerns. Spiritual practices are associated Kakambal – the soul of the living.
with optimal health and well-being.
RITUALS
CONTEMPLATIVE PRACTICES
Imitative rituals – patterned after a myth and the
Can be understood as a method of deep ritual repeat the myth.
concentration, deepen understanding and insight,
cultivate awareness and compassion. Negative ritual – focuses on the rules of prohibition.

1. Mindfulness Sacrificial rituals – seen as the earliest form of

2. Prayer religion
3. Journaling
Life crisis rituals – traditions of one mode or stage
THE PRACTICE OF RELIGION of life into another.

Religion is defined as belief and worship of a THE FIVE (5) MAJOR) RELIGIONS:
superhuman controlling power, especially a God
Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism
or gods. A particular system of faith and worship.
 - Logos – Greek word that denotes meaning.
- In logotherapy, man can discover the meaning
in life in three different ways: by doing a deed, by
experiencing a value, and by suffering.

7 PRINCIPLES OF LOGOTHERAPY

1. We are free to choose our attitude toward

everything that happens to us.
2. We can realize our will to meaning by making
a conscious commitment to significant values
and goals.
3. We can find meaning in all of life’s moments.
4. We can learn to see how we work against
ourselves.
5. We can look at ourselves from a distance and
gain insight and perspective as well as laugh at
ourselves.
6. We can shift our focus of attention when
coping with difficult situations.
7. We can reach out beyond ourselves and make
a difference in the world.

RELIGION, MAGIC, AND WITCHCRAFT

Logotherapy and the Search for Meaning of Life

Viktor Frankl’s personal experiences in the Nazi

concentration camps during WWII led him to
develop the basic tenets of logotherapy.

Frankl embraced both the bright and dark sides of

human existence and believed that human
suffering could contribute to human achievement
and the meaning of life.

- Logotherapy – pursuit of human existence as well

as on man’s search for such a meaning.