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7 Exploring
measures
Getting started

E
1 Work out the area and the perimeter of each shape.
a 2m b 10 mm

2m 2 mm

2m
2m

4m

c
PL
4m

5 km
3 mm

5 mm

9 km
1 mm
M
5 km

10 km

2 These clocks show the wrong time. What time should each clock show?
SA

Answer using digit clock notation.

a It is the evening and this clock is b It is the morning and this clock
1 hour and 10 minutes slow. is 3 and a half hours fast.

12 12
11 1 11 1
10 2 10 2
9 3 9 3
8 4 8 4
7 6 5 7 6 5
          

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7 Exploring measures

Measures are ways that we practically apply mathematics in solving

problems, investigating and in everyday life.

What could you measure and what problems could you solve with
each of these objects?

E
PL
M
SA

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7 Exploring measures

7.1 Rectangles and triangles

We are going to …
• estimate the area of a triangle
• work out the area of triangles using rectangles.

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A 1 kg bag of grass seed covers 20 m2 of ground.
How would you measure or calculate how many area
bags you would buy to cover this brown field?

number of bags.

Exercise 7.1
1
PL
Explain to a partner how you would decide on the

This rectangle was made by putting two squares together.

GRASS
SEED

1 kg
M
SA

6 cm

a What is the area of the rectangle?

b What is the area of one of the squares?

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7.1 Rectangles and triangles

2 This square was made by putting two identical rectangles together.

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9 cm

a What is the area of the square?

3
b
Asok took two pieces of paper.
PL
What is the area of one of the rectangles?

21 cm 21 cm
M
30 cm 30 cm

He cut one piece of paper in half like this:

a What was the area of the piece of paper before it
SA

was cut?

b What is the area of one of the smaller pieces of paper

Asok made?
He cut the other piece of paper in half like this:

c What is the area of one of the smaller pieces of paper Asok made?

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7 Exploring measures

4 Estimate the area of these triangles by counting the squares.

A B

E
D

PL
= centimetre square

What knowledge are you using about squares to help you

decide if a square is half covered by a shape? What different
ways do you think a square can be cut into two equal pieces with
a straight line? Talk to a partner about your ideas.
M
5 Selena made this pattern by overlapping tissue paper triangles.
SA

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7.1 Rectangles and triangles

Below are the bottom three triangles, as they look on a centimetre

square grid.

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a Draw and complete a table to show the area of each triangle
in the pattern.
b What would be the area of the 7th triangle?
c
d
PL
What would be the area of the 10th triangle?
Look at the pattern of numbers in your table.
Try to describe the pattern of the areas of the triangles.
Can you think of a way to always predict what the area of the
next triangle will be?
Generalise by describing the link between the number
M
of each triangle and its area.
SA

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7 Exploring measures

Think like a mathematician

What is the area of each rectangle below?

Count squares to estimate the area of each triangle.

E
PL
M
Characterise by describing what you notice about the area of the triangles from your
estimates.
Draw more triangles on squared paper inside rectangles that are 8 cm by 4 cm.
SA

Each triangle should be as wide and as tall as the rectangle.

Estimate the area of the triangles you draw by counting squares.
Generalise by describing what you find out.

Worked example 1

This rectangle has been cut in half to make two triangles.

What is the area of each blue triangle in this rectangle?

4m

8m

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7.1 Rectangles and triangles

Continued

Work out the area of the whole rectangle. Multiply the width by the length to
find the area of a rectangle.
The area of the rectangle is 32 cm2.
Divide the area in half. Each of the triangles is half of the
32 ÷ 2 = 16. rectangle.

Don’t forget to use units of area. Units of area include mm2, cm2, m2
The lengths are in metres so the area and km2.

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will be m2.
Each triangle has an area of 16 m2.

one of the triangles.

a

4 cm
PL
These rectangles are cut in half diagonally to make two triangles.
For each diagram work out the area of the rectangle and the area of

3 cm
M
4 cm
5 cm

c d
2 cm
SA

4 cm
6 cm

5 cm
e f

3 cm
4 cm

7 cm

3 cm
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7 Exploring measures

7 Work out the area of the rectangle.

Area of this triangle is 9 cm2

E
8 Jo makes triangular biscuits by cutting out 5 cm squares of
dough, then cutting them in half.

PL
Jo wants to cover each biscuit in icing.
M
This tub of icing covers 340 cm2 of biscuit.
How many triangular biscuits will Jo be able to cover? Biscuit
icing
SA

Look what I can do!

I can estimate the area of a triangle.

I can work out the area of triangles using rectangles.

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7.2 Time

7.2 Time
We are going to …
• convert between time intervals expressed as a decimal and in mixed units.

Calculating times can be tricky because units of time do not usually

E
come in 10s and 100s.

Look at each of these numbers.

PL
What does each number have to do with time?

100
60

365

7
12

30

366
M
24

Why do the different units in time make it more tricky to calculate

SA

with time?

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7 Exploring measures

Worked example 2

Convert 3.7 hours into hours and minutes.

3.7 hours =
3 whole hours + 0.7 of an hour
Either There are 60 minutes in 1 hour so there are
0.7 × 60 = 42 0.7 × 60 minutes in 0.7 of an hour.

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Or 0.1 (one tenth) of an hour equals 6 minutes,
7 × 6 = 42 so 0.7 (seven tenths) of an hour
equals 7 × 6 minutes.

1
PL
3.7 hours = 3 hours and 42 minutes

Exercise 7.2
Copy and complete the table to show times in hours and in hours
and minutes.
M
Hours Hours and minutes Hours Hours and minutes

0.1 hours 0 hours and 6 minutes 0.8 hours

0.2 hours 0 hours and __ minutes 0.9 hours

0.3 hours 1 hour

SA

0.4 hours 1.1 hours

0.5 hours 2.2 hours

0.6 hours 3.8 hours

0.7 hours 4.9 hours

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7.2 Time

2 4 children are allowed to share a games console

for 5 hours. They decide to divide the 5 hours Tip
equally between them.
You could use a calculator to
a How much time does each child get on the divide the number of hours
games console in hours? by the number of children.
b Tom says that each child can have 1 hour
and 25 minutes on the console. Tom is wrong.
Explain why Tom is wrong and work out how

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many hours and minutes each child can have
on the console.

Reflect on why you think Tom made this mistake.

PL
What will you do to make sure that you do not make the
same mistake when interpreting and converting times?
M
SA

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7 Exploring measures

3 Ten athletes competed in a marathon run.

These are their times:

Gianmarco 159.1 minutes Mai 174.3 minutes

Yared 141.7 minutes Susan 158.9 minutes
Emily 182.8 minutes Florence 141.55 minutes
Emmanuel 128.65 minutes Paul 129.25 minutes

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Maria 183.05 minutes Kazuyoshi 135.45 minutes

Copy the table.

PL
List the runners in the table from fastest to slowest.
Convert each of their times into hours, minutes and seconds
and complete the table with the converted times.

Runner Hours Minutes Seconds

M
SA

Think like a mathematician

You know that 12.5 hours is not equal to 12 hours and 5 minutes.
Are there any times in hours that use the same digits as the same
amount of time in hours and minutes?
Specialise by choosing particular times to check.
Generalise by writing a statement explaining what you have found out.

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7.2 Time

Look what I can do!

I can convert between time intervals expressed as a decimal

and in mixed units.

Check your progress

1 Count the squares to estimate the area of these triangles.

E
A B

2
PL
Measure the lengths of the sides of these rectangles to work out
the area of these triangles.
M
a b c
SA

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7 Exploring measures

Continued
3 Harry is covering one of the triangular areas of his garden with grass seed.
Which is the smallest bag of seeds he can buy to cover the area?

GRASS
SEED
GRASS

E
GRASS SEED
GRASS SEED
SEED

A B C D
Covers
10 m2

PL
house
Covers
17 m2

grass
to be
sown here
Covers
20 m2
Covers
35 m2

5m
M
trees
and
flowers
SA

7m
4 Write these times as hours and minutes.
a 3.5 hours b 14.1 hours c 9.25 hours
d 5.7 hours e 11.4 hours f 1.05 hours
5 5 groups wanted to use a basketball court. The court was open for 12 hours.
The groups shared the 12 hours between the groups equally.
How long did each group get on the court in hours?
How long did each group get on the court in hours and minutes?

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