Candidate Declaration

I hereby declares that the seminar entitled “GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE CONCRETE”
being submitted by me in fulfillment of Masters of Engineering in Structural Engineering, is a
work carried under the supervision of Dr. S.S.SANKHLA Professor & HOD
(STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING), M.B.M. University, Faculty of Engineering, Jodhpur and
the content of this seminar work in full or in parts, has not been submitted to any other
Institute or University for the award of any degree or diploma.

DATE: SHUBHAM SHRIVASTAVA

PLACE: 20MSE10018

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 Acknowledgement

This Seminar has taken this form due to the efforts of people other than me. I take this
opportunity to solemnly thank all the people who were directly or indirectly involved in
helping me to prepare this seminar work.

First, I am highly grateful to my guide DR.S.S.SANKHLA Structural Engineering

Department, M.B.M. University, Jodhpur for helping me during the course of this seminar.
The interactive sessions with him have supplemented me with immense knowledge and
helped in completing this report.

I also thank my batch mates and seniors who have helped through the educative group
discussions we had frequently.

Finally, thanks to my family and friends for their constant support and encouragement me to
complete my dissertation work.

SHUBHAM SHRIVASTAVA

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 Page
Contents
No.
Candidate Declaration i
Acknowledgement ii
Table of Contents iii
List of Figures iv
List of Tables v
Abstract vi
Chapter-1 Introduction 1
1.1 What is green concrete? 1
1.2 The Need to Reduce CO2 Emissions 2
1.3 Green Concrete and Sustainability 2
Chapter-2 Origin of Concrete 3
Chapter-3 Features of Green Concrete and methods of production 6
3.1 Features of Green Concrete 6
3.2 Materials in Green Concrete 6
3.3 Environmental and Economic Implications 10
3.4 Methods to produce Green concrete 12
Chapter-4 Types of Green Concrete 16
4.1 Geo Polymer Concrete 16
4.2 Fly Ash concrete 18
4.3 Micro Silica Concrete 23
4.4 Magnesium Oxycloride Cement Concrete 27
Chapter-5 Study of Comparison between Green Concrete and 32
Conventional Concrete
5.1 “Comparative study of green concrete and conventional concrete on 31
strength and durability properties”
5.2 Comparison of conventional concrete with green concrete 36
5.3 Limitations of Green Concrete 38
Chapter-6 Conclusions 43
References 44

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S no. List of Figures Page No.
1 Figure 1.1 Effect of green concrete on environment 1
2 Figure 3.1 Benefits of Green Concrete 11
Figure 3.2 Edge beam: total energy consumption through all the life
3 13
cycle phases
Figure 3.3 Pictorial representation depicting methods to develop
4 15
green concrete
5 Figure 4.1 Process of Geo Polymerization 16
Figure 4.2 Categories of Geo Polymer Concrete and Ordinary
6 17
Concrete
Figure 4.3 A schematic diagram of a coal-fired electrical generating
7 19
station
8 Figure 4.4 Types of Fly Ash 21
9 Figure 4.5 Silica Fume 23
10 Figure 4.6 Bonding of Micro Silica with cement 26
Figure 4.7 Magnesium oxide powder and Magnesium chloride
11 29
crystals
12 Figure 5.1 Compressive strength with age for W/C of 0.3 33
13 Figure 5.2 Compressive strength with age for W/C of 0.4 33
14 Figure 5.3 Compressive strength with age for W/C of 0.5 34
15 Figure 5.4 Twenty eight days split tensile strength 35
16 Figure 5.5 Comparison of twenty eight days water absorption 35
17 Figure 5.6 Chart depicting the concrete consumption of the columns 38
18 Figure 5.7 Challenges and Limitations 39
19 Figure 5.8 Future Scope 40
Figure 5.9 consumption volume of cement in India from 2009 to
20 40
2022 (in million metrics tons)
Figure 5.10 Energy consumption of construction and building in
21 41
India

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 Page
S no. List of Tables
No.
Table-1.1 Overview of waste materials in Green Concrete: properties and
1 9
applications
2 Table-4.1 Components of Fly Ash 19

3 Table-4.2 Bulk Density of Silica Fume 23

4 Table-4.3 Chemical Requirements according to IS -15388 (2003) 23

5 Table 4.4 Physical requirements according to IS-15388 (2003) 24

6 Table-4.5 Components of Micro Silica 24
7 Table-4.6 Chemical compounds of MOC 28
Table-5.1 Specimen details for conventional concrete for R0, R50 and
8 32
R50F25 each
9 Table 5.2 Results of compressive strength 33

10 Table-5.3 Results of split tensile strength 34

11 Table-5.4 Results of water absorption test 35

Table-5.5 Combination of traditional and green concrete/concrete
12 36
structures
13 Table-5.6 Comparison of columns and respective CO2 emissions 37

14 Table-5.7 Sources of CO2 emissions for four types of columns 37

15 Table-5.8 Fuel consumption in the Indian cement industry 1991-1993 41

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 ABSTRACT

In the evolving world of construction, "Green Concrete" is emerging as a game-changer.

Architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) professionals are turning their focus to this
alternative to a traditional material staple. Since concrete is the second most consumed entity after
water it accounts for around 8% to 10% of the world’s total CO2 emission.

Green concrete is sustainable, cost-effective, and shows a robust performance when placed against
the baseline. It is a concept of thinking environment into concrete considering every aspect from
raw materials manufacture over mixture design to structural design, construction, and service life.
Green concrete is very often also cheap to produce because for example, waste products are used as
a partial substitute for cement that means charges for the disposal of waste are avoided, energy
consumption in production is lower and durability of the concrete is greater.

In this study it is shown that there is a large potential in investigating the possible use of residual
products for concrete production. Green concrete has manifold advantages over the conventional
concrete. It reduces emission of carbon dioxide and it also has greater resistance to corrosion.
Materials are used in green concrete like recycled concrete aggregate, blast furnace slag, glass
aggregate, fly ash, manufactured sand, etc. The main aim of green concrete is to reduce
environmental impact with reduction of concrete industries, carbon dioxide emissions by 30%. It
has been found that using alternative for cement also increases the compressive strength, tensile
strength of the concrete. It also has good thermal and fire resistance. Green concrete can be
considered elemental to sustainable development since it is eco-friendly itself. Green concrete is
being widely used in green building practices.

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